The collagen crosslinks, pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline, have been developed as urinary markers of bone resorption but, despite wide clinical application of the technique, comparatively little attention has been paid to the standardization of these compounds. In this study, pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline have been purified from bone and converted completely to ...

An electron microscopic analysis with specific histochemical stainings for acidic glycoconjugates was carried out to examine the endothelium lining blood vessels of the rat spleen. Histochemical staining performed was the postembedding high or low iron diaminethiocarbohydrazide-silver protein-physical development (HID or LID-TCH-SP-PD) method, with or without prior digestion with acidic glycoconjugate-degrading ...

The study was designed to determine the contents and distributions of the proteoglycans decorin and biglycan in adult human femoral condylar cartilage and whether these may change in osteoarthritis. New radioimmunoassays were established using peptides representing the amino-terminal 21 amino acid sequence of each proteoglycan (to which a tyrosine was ...

The synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and acidic polysaccharides during embryonic and fetal development in mammals and molluscs is briefly reviewed. A sequential order of appearance of each of the acidic polysaccharides was observed, coinciding with the major processes of the ontogeny. In mammals, hyaluronic acid is the first glycosaminoglycan synthesized at ...

Soluble egg shell membrane protein (SEP) was prepared from egg shell membrane by the combined treatment of performic acid oxidation (4 or 25 degrees C for 24 h) and pepsin digestion (25 degrees C for 24-72 h) before dialyzing against water and lyophilizing. The yield of SEP was about 16-39%. ...

The collagens constitute an important population of proteins providing the structural support in vertebrate tissues A collagen is mainly based on a series of tripeptides of the type GX1X2 (G = Glycine, X1 and X2 being any residues). The nine amino acids occurring with significant frequencies in the X1 and ...

The bovine temporomandibular joint disc is a fibrocartilaginous structure composed largely of collagen and proteoglycans. Little is known about changes in its composition accompanying growth and maturation. Discs were collected from immature foetuses (3-5 months), mature foetuses (6-8 months, adolescents (18 months), young adults (2-3 yr) and mature adults (over ...

Samples of heparan sulfate, isolated from bovine aorta, lung, intestine, and kidney, were degraded by digestion with a mixture of heparitinases or by treatment with nitrous acid, with or without previous N-deacetylation. Analysis of the resulting oligosaccharides showed that the various heparan sulfate samples all contained regions of up to ...

For the past 10 years the alfa-hydroxyacids and the bovine collagen injection have been used for peeling and the correction of multiple skin diseases. Until now, such progressive achievement has occurred in separate parallels just like the indications that have been held distinct. However, the studies carried out in order ...

The morphogenesis of megakaryocytes that results in the formation of cytoplasmic processes is thought to be the final maturation step before liberation of platelets. We studied the in vitro effects of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) which are abundant in the bone marrow extracellular matrices, on the morphogenesis of murine megakaryocytes and compared ...

Glycosaminoglycans synthesized by human skin fibroblasts were simultaneously radiolabelled with D-[1-(3H)]glucosamine and Na2(35)SO4. Considering 3H incorporation, we found that IFNgamma increased the production of glycosaminoglycan synthesis, including hyaluronic acid, heparan and chondroitin/dermatan sulfate. In contrast, the production of heparan and chondroitin/dermatan sulfate was slightly decreased on the basis of the ...

Osteoarthritis is a common joint disorder in humans. Although intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) is in widespread clinical use, there are limited data on the effect of HA on degenerated cartilage. When bovine articular cartilage is degraded with interleukin-1, HA penetrates the cartilage and accumulates in the pericellular matrix ...

PURPOSE: Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) contribute to the filtration barrier of aqueous outflow through the trabecular meshwork (TM). The purpose of this biochemical study was to identify the type and amount of GAGs in normal and in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) TM and adjacent anterior segment structures. METHODS: The GAGs of 21 ...

Some prenatal pathological processes may be caused by biochemical and morphological alterations in the umbilical cord (UC). EPH-gestosis is the most common pregnancy-associated pathological process. For these reasons the role of collagen and glycos-aminoglycans (GAGs) of UC in pathobiochemistry of this syndrome seems to be important. We studied histology of ...

The effects of supplemental fatty acids, vitamin E (VIT E), and iron-induced oxidative stress on collagen synthesis, cellular injury, and lipid peroxidation were evaluated in primary cultures of avian epiphyseal chondrocytes. The treatments included oleic and linoleic acids (O or 50 microM) complexed with BSA and dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (VIT E ...

The proteoglycans (PGs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of buffalo ovarian follicular fluid (FF) have been studied in small (2-4.9 mm), medium (5-9.9 mm) and large (> or = 10 mm) follicles. GAGs in different categories of follicles were isolated, assayed and analysed. On the basis of hexosamine analysis, glucosamine accounted for ...

Fibrous-long spacing (FLS) fibers were reconstituted in the supernatant fraction after disaggregation of calf insoluble collagen fibers. Macromolecular components of the fibers were biochemically analyzed. Amino acid analysis demonstrated that the major component of FLS was collagen consisting of types I and III collagen in the relative percentage of 92 ...

BACKGROUND: Noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) are considered to have multiple functions related to the formation, turnover, and repair of the collagen-based mineralized tissues. Collectively, they comprise a class of generally acidic, mineral-binding proteins showing extensive posttranslational modifications, including glycosylation, phosphorylation, and sulfation. METHODS. We have used colloidal-gold immunocytochemistry and lectin-gold cytochemistry, ...

The appearance of the junction between predentin and dentin of rat incisors was investigated after chemical fixation (aldehyde), physical fixation (high pressure freezing and freeze substitution) and by histochemistry. Physical fixation revealed a 1-2 micron wide intermediary zone, in which only the collagen fibers were mineralized. In dentin, which looked ...

BACKGROUND: With the advent of newer chemical peels, there is now a wide range of peeling agents that can be applied on specific patients. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to closely examine the more common chemical peeling agents at different concentrations. METHODS: The study methods were carried out ...

BACKGROUND: Glycolic acid has been used extensively for the treatment of photoaging and wrinkles. Suggestions have been made that glycolic acid may have specific dermal effects, although biochemical studies are limited. OBJECTIVE: This study's purpose was to examine the effect of glycolic acid on the radioactively labeled collagen production in ...

1. Samples of normal skin from four patients, post-burn hypertrophic scar from five patients and post-burn mature scar from six patients were analysed for hydroxyproline, water and uronic acid and extracted with guanidinium chloride to yield the proteoglycan pool. A large chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan and biglycan were purified from one ...

BACKGROUND: Although there is increasing interest in the use of glycolic acid in the treatment of photoaged skin, to our knowledge, no controlled study has been done to assess the efficacy or the mode of this agent. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether 50% glycolic acid ...

Air pollution measurements were conducted over a 1-year period in 24 North American communities participating in a respiratory health study. Ozone, particle strong acidity, sulfate, and mass (PM10 and PM2.1) were measured in all communities. In 20 of the communities, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, nitric acid, nitrous acid, and particulate nitrate ...

Hypertrophic scarring is characterized by disordered collagen fibrils. In order to determine whether this is, in part, a result of changes in the population of proteoglycans that are thought to be involved in regulation of collagen fibril formation, we have compared PGs from post-burn normal and hypertrophic scar tissue, as ...

Oligosaccharides (hexa to dodeca) terminating with [3H]2,5-anhydromannitol (AManR) were isolated from heparin by partial cleavage with nitrous acid at low pH (pH 1.5) followed by gel filtration and reduction with [3H]NaBH4. They were subsequently chromatographed on a lipoprotein lipase (LpL)-Sepharose column. High- and low-affinity oligosaccharides for LpL were isolated and ...

The purpose of this study was to characterize the collagen in hereditary dilated cardiomyopathic hamster hearts, and to examine the participation of the collagen in the occurrence and progression of cardiomyopathy. BIO 53.58 hamsters (5, 10, 20 weeks old) were used as the model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Flb hamsters were ...

All-trans retinoic acid (RA) has been shown to enhance subepidermal repair in photoaged hairless mice. The current study assesses the effects of RA on the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content in irradiated and nonirradiated mouse skin. Mice were exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) for 10 wk, after which they were treated either ...

Ascorbic acid is a potent stimulator for type I and III collagen expression in human skin fibroblasts; stimulation of type I and III collagen synthesis and their mRNA levels by ascorbic acid has been reported previously. Nuclear run-on experiments demonstrated that ascorbic acid enhanced the transcription of type I and ...

Glycosaminoglycans including heparin, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate and hyaluronic acid were analyzed by reversed polarity capillary electrophoresis. Detection was achieved at 240 nm based on the formation of a copper (II) complex in copper sulfate solution at low pH. Glycosaminoglycans having a high ratio of iduronic acid to ...

BACKGROUND: alpha-Hydroxy acids (AHAs) have been reported to improve aging skin. The mechanisms of action of AHAs on epidermal and dermal compartments need clarification. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the effects of AHAs on photoaged human skin by clinical and microanalytic means. METHODS: Patients applied a lotion containing 25% ...

The extracellular matrix of marine primitive invertebrates (sponges, polyps and jellyfishes) contains collagen fibrils with narrow diameters. From various data, it has been hypothesized that these primitive collagens could represent ancestral forms of the vertebrate minor collagens, i.e., types V or XI. Recently we have isolated a primitive collagen from ...

Ascorbic acid reduced tropoelastin levels in the culture medium of embryonic chick skin fibroblasts to one-third or one-fourth of their original value in a dose- and exposure time-dependent manner under conditions in which collagen synthesis was stimulated 1.8-fold. The steady-state level of elastin mRNA remained essentially constant, whereas the collagen ...

STUDY DESIGN: Experimental chemonucleolysis with chondroitinase ABC as compared with chymopapain was investigated in monkeys. The effects of these two enzymes were analyzed morphologically and biochemically. OBJECTIVES: The results of the present study facilitate the clinical application of chondroitinase ABC. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Many experimental studies on chemonucleolysis with ...

A novel amino acid named aldosine was isolated from acid hydrolysates of bovine aorta elastin. The mass spectral analysis of aldosine indicated a parent compound with a mass of 256 (C12H20N2O4). From the structure identified by spectroscopy of aldosine and its derivatives, it was deduced that aldosine was derived from ...

The present paper demonstrates the immunohistochemical distribution of proteoglycan (PG) molecules carrying chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains with 6-sulfated hexosamine residues, or CS and/or dermatan sulfate (DS) chains with 4-sulfated residues in the developing bovine ruminal papillae (RP) using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 3B3, 2B6, and MO225. These PGs carrying chondroitin 6-sulfate ...

Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) is a resorbable biomaterial that induces tissue remodeling when used as a xenogeneic tissue graft in animal models of vascular, urologic, dermatologic, neurologic, and orthopedic injury. Determination of the composition and structure of naturally occurring biomaterials such as SIS that promote tissue remodeling is necessary for ...

The ultrastructure of hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen in the human vitreous was investigated. After fixation with 4% glutaraldehyde and 0.1% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), sectioned blocks of retina and attached vitreous body were stained with 500 ppm ruthenium red (RR) in 1.25% glutaraldehyde, postfixed with 500 ppm RR in 2% ...

The in vitro permeation rates of metaproterenol sulfate (MPS) across hairless mouse skin and TESTSKIN living skin equivalent were very low unless skin permeation enhancers were included in the vehicle. An optimum balance should be established between the chain length of the fatty acid and its molar ratio to MPS ...

Exposures to acid aerosols have been associated with acute and chronic health effects. Beginning in 1988, extensive monitoring of acid aerosols (H+), sulfates (SO4(2-)), and ammonia (NH3) was conducted in 24 communities in the United States and Canada in order to characterize the seasonal and daily variations of these pollutants. ...

Flavobacterium ranacida consisted of 75% of 13-methyl myristate in total fatty acids. The acid at > 60 microM caused the lysis of gel-filtered platelets (GFP) in both time- and concentration-dependent manners. Scanning electron microscopy showed that: 1). GFP in 40 microM of the acid changed the morphology to speculate discoid ...

Acidic glycoconjugates represent the major non-fibrous macromolecular components that form the extracellular and cell-associated matrices of all animal tissues. The constituent molecules are principally structural glycoproteins and proteoglycans. While their protein component is determined by gene pools, it is the polyanionic (acidic) nature of the polysaccharides, determined by their degrees ...

The protective effect of caffeoyl derivatives (echinacoside, chlorogenic acid, chicoric acid, cynarine, and caffeic acid, typical constituents of Echinacea species) on the free radical-induced degradation of Type III collagen has been investigated. The macromolecule was exposed to a flux of oxygen radicals (superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical) generated by the ...

The two disaccharides, methyl 4-O-(2-O-sulpho-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-uronic acid)-2-deoxy-2-amino-alpha-D-glucopyranoside and methyl 4-O-(3-O-sulpho-beta-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-2-deoxy-2-amino-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, were prepared by de novo synthesis, and converted to the corresponding 2,5-anhydro-D-[1-3H]mannitol derivatives by deamination with nitrous acid followed by reduction with NaB3H4. The resultant labelled products were used as standards in the identification, by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ...

The strength, resorption rate, and biocompatibility of collagenous biomaterials are profoundly influenced by the method and extent of crosslinking. We compared the effects of two physical crosslinking methods, ultraviolet irradiation (UV) (254 nm) and dehydrothermal (DHT) treatment, on the mechanical properties and molecular integrity of collagen fibers extruded from an ...

We report a case of atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini. We determined the glycosaminoglycan content in the involved skin. Dermatan sulfate content in the involved skin (1.88 micrograms uronic acid/mg dry skin) was greater than that in the uninvolved skin (1.05 micrograms uronic acid/mg dry skin). No significant differences in ...

Efforts to expand treatment options for articular cartilage repair have increasingly focused on the implantation of cell-polymer constructs. The purpose of this study is to determine the suitability of porous D,D-L,L-polylactic acid as a carrier for delivering repair cells obtained from rib perichondrium into full-thickness articular cartilage defects. In vitro ...

Purified basolateral membrane vesicles (BLMV) were prepared from lobster hepatopancreas by osmotic disruption and discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation. Radiolabeled sulfate uptake was stimulated by 10 mM intravesicular oxalate compared with gluconate-loaded vesicles. Sulfate/oxalate exchange was not affected by transmembrane valinomycin-induced potassium diffusion potentials (inside negative or inside positive), suggesting electroneutral ...

Our goal is to examine the synthesis and deposition of corneal glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in response to a wound created by the insertion of porous discs into stromal interlamellar pockets. The disc and the surrounding stromal tissue were assayed and compared to contralateral control stroma and to sham operated corneas at ...

The central activity of hydroxyproline - the amino acid characteristic for collagen degradation products was studied. The levels of urinary and serum hydroxyproline are elevated in many disturbances, among them is a mental deficiency connected with hydroxyprolinemia. Previous studies showed that the mixture of collagen degradation products is biologically active ...