The aim of this study was to assess the influence of a single session of maximal exercise performed in water (4°C or 25°C) on blood rheological properties and the composition of fatty acids in the erythrocyte membranes of laboratory rats. This study will permit better understanding of the reactions occurring ...

Ascorbate and dehydroascorbic acid are frequently used as biomarkers of oxidative stress, but their lack of stability ex vivo and rapid postsampling interconversion continue to result in erroneous reference values. One problem is the large variety of vacutainer devices used for blood sampling purposes and the basic question of plasma ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Maternal nutrition in pregnancy has a crucial impact on the development of the fetus. Dietary trans fatty acids (tFA) are known to have adverse health effects, especially during pregnancy. However, the distribution of tFA produced via partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils (mainly elaidic acid; t9) differs compared to ...

Minor alleles of polymorphisms in the FADS gene cluster have been associated with reduced desaturation of the precursor polyunsaturated fatty acids in small studies. The effects of these polymorphisms during progressive developmental stages have not been previously reported. Data from blood samples for 4342 pregnant women, 3343 umbilical cords reflecting ...

To investigate the efficacy of various topical applications in opening a clotted tympanostomy tube (TT) using an in vitro model. In vitro clinical trial. Fresh human blood was allowed to clot in the lumen of TTs. Seven agents were tested: 0.9% saline (control), 1-mg/mL alteplase, 100-U/mL unfractionated heparin, 3% hydrogen ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this randomized, controlled, parallel group study was to characterize the relationships between dosages of stearidonic acid (SDA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and incorporation of EPA into red blood cell (RBC) membranes over time. METHODS: Healthy subjects (n=131) received capsules with placebo (safflower oil), SDA (0.43, 1.3, ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The consumption of fresh fruit & vegetable in concentrate form (FVC) have recently become an alternative approach to combating excessive renal acid loads often associated with Western Diets. Additionally, these FVC's have been purported to induce metabolic alkalosis, which perhaps may enhance the blood buffering capacity of an ...

To better understand the mechanism of de novo lipid biosynthesis in blood fed Aedesaegypti mosquitoes, we quantitated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase 1 (FAS1) transcript levels in blood fed mosquitoes, and used RNAi methods to generate ACC and FAS1 deficient mosquitoes. Using the ketogenic amino acid (14)C-leucine as a ...

After having demonstrated that blood-sucking bugs are able to associate a behaviourally neutral odour (l-lactic acid) with positive reinforcement (i.e. appetitive conditioning) in the first part of this study, we tested whether these insects were also able to associate the same odour with a negative reinforcement (i.e. aversive conditioning). Learned ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of intravenous tranexamic acid on blood loss during and after cesarean delivery. METHODS: One hundred pregnant women were randomized to receive either 10mg/kg of tranexamic acid or placebo intravenously 20minutes before incision in a double-blind controlled study. Postplacental delivery blood loss, postoperative hemorrhage 2hours after ...

Here we present new sequence data from HIV-1 subtype C infected long-term survivors (LTS) from Karonga District, Malawi. Gag and env sequence data were produced from nine individuals each of whom has been HIV-1 positive for more than 20 years. We show that the three amino acid deletion in gag ...

Uric acid is considered as an antioxidant in the blood. Despite its proposed protective properties, elevated plasma uric acid has been associated with hypertension in a variety of disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the increase of arterial blood pressure and the changes in ...

It is well accepted that n-3 long-chain PUFA intake is positively associated with a range of health benefits. However, while benefits have been clearly shown, especially for CVD, the mechanisms for prevention/benefit are less understood. Analysis of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids (PL) have been used to measure the status of ...

An investigation of the ethanolic extract from stems of Caesalpinia echinata Lam (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae) led to the isolation of five new cassane diterpenes along with known lambertianic acid. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods. A preliminary study on leishmanicidal activity demonstrated that compounds 1, 2 and 6 were found ...

ABSTRACT: Disturbances of the fatty acids composition in plasma and red blood cells and eicosanoid synthesis play an important role in the metabolic syndrome (MS) formation. The observation group included 61 people with metabolic syndrome (30 patients with MS and normal levels of insulin, 31 people with MS and insulin ...

DNA, mRNA and microRNA are released and circulate in the blood of cancer patients. Changes in the levels of circulating nucleic acids have been associated with tumour burden and malignant progression. In the past decade a wealth of information indicating the potential use of circulating nucleic acids for cancer screening, ...

Peroxisomes are involved in a variety of metabolic processes, including β-oxidation of fatty acids, especially very long chain fatty acids. Three peroxisomal ABC proteins belonging to subfamily D have been identified in mammalian peroxisomes that have an important role in fatty acid metabolism. ABCD1/ALDP and ABCD2/ALDRP are suggested to be ...

Hypothalamic fatty acid metabolism is involved in CNS controls of feeding and energy balance. Malonyl-CoA, an intermediate of fatty acid biosynthesis, is emerging as a significant player in these processes. Notably, hypothalamic malonyl-CoA has been implicated in leptin's feeding effect. Leptin treatment increases malonyl-CoA level in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus ...

Okpala I, Ibegbulam O, Duru A, Ocheni S, Emodi I, Ikefuna A, Umar G, Asinobi I, Madu A, Okoye A, Nwagha T, Oguonu U, Uamai I, Agwu O, Nonyelu C, Anike U, Agu K, Anigbo C, Chukwura A, Ugwu O, Herrada S. Pilot study of omega-3 fatty acid supplements in ...

Phenobarbital produces its anti-epileptic actions by increasing the inhibitory drive of γ-aminobutyric acid. However, following recurrent seizures, γ-aminobutyric acid excites neurons because of a persistent increase of chloride raising the important issue of whether phenobarbital could aggravate persistent seizures. Here we compared the actions of phenobarbital on initial and established ...

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is the principal ω-3 fatty acids in marine oils. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c and some of the plasma lipids and lipoproteins has been negatively related to the intake of ω-3 fatty acids and ascorbic acid, in some studies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to ...

E-series resolvins are antiinflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators derived from the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) that actively clear inflammation to promote tissue homeostasis. Aspirin, in addition to exerting antithrombotic actions, also triggers the biosynthesis of these specialized pro-resolving mediators. Here, we used metabolomic profiling to investigate the ...

Vibro cholera neuraminidase is known to cleave sialic acid in the gut to expose receptors for cholera enterotoxin. This study determined if cholera neuraminidase crosses significantly into the circulation of patients with cholera to cause cleavage of sialic acid on circulating blood cells. Systemic cholera neuraminidase activity was determined by ...

The aim of this study was to explore therapeutic efficiency of succimer used with calcium and ascorbic acid in the treatment of mildly lead-poisoned mice and preschool children. Mice were exposed to lead by drinking water, and then treated with saline solution, 50mg/kg body weight (b.w.) succimer, 100mg/kg b.w. succimer, ...

The outermost layer of the mammalian skin, the stratum corneum (SC), represents the main skin barrier. The SC lipids have a very exceptional composition, as the main lipid classes are ceramides (CER), long-chain fatty acids and cholesterol. Information on the function of each CER subclass and on the relation between ...

The adsorbed amount of partially deuterated dihexadecyl-diaza-18-crown-6 ether (d-ACE16) in the presence of different chain length fatty acids as a function of surface pressure was determined by neutron reflectometry technique. The highest adsorbed amount of the azacrown ether was observed for the mixture of ACE16 with hexadecanoic (palmitic) acid, pointing ...

Recent studies suggest that paraoxonase-1 (PON1), complexed with high-density lipoproteins, is the major lactonase in the circulation. Using 5-hydroxy eicosatetraenoate δ-lactone (5-HETEL) as the substrate, we observed lactonase activity in serum from Pon1-/- mice. However, 6-12 carbon fatty acid γ- and δ-lactones were not hydrolyzed in serum from Pon1-/- mice. ...

The effects of increasing perfluoroalkyl chain length on the molecular properties of viscosity, diffusivity, and ionic conductivity of a series of acid model compounds analogous to comb-branch perfluorinated ionomers functionalized with phosphonic, phosphinic, and sulfonic protogenic groups are reported. Anhydrous proton transport by a Grotthuss-like hopping mechanism was observed to ...

Renewable diesel surrogates made from shorter chain length fatty acids have improved cold flow properties. Acyl-ACP thioesterases specific for shorter chain length fatty acids are therefore of considerable interest in the genetic engineering of biofuel producing organisms, both for their ability to increase the production of shorter fatty acids, and ...

We show that the length of the alkyl chain of surface ligands can shift the equilibrium between the wurtzite and zinc blende polytypes of CdSe nanocrystals. In-situ wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements reveal that short-chain (e.g., propyl) phosphonic acids stabilize CdSe nanocrystals with the zinc blende phase whereas octadecylphosphonic acid stabilize ...

Naphthenic acids (NAs) occur naturally in oil sands and enter the environment through natural and anthropogenic processes. NAs comprise toxic carboxylic acids that are difficult to degrade. Information on NA biodegradation mechanisms is limited, and there are no studies on alkyl branched aromatic alkanoic acid biodegradation, despite their contribution to ...

We describe a simple tandem mass spectrometric approach toward structural characterization of mycolic acids, the long-chain α-alkyl-β-hydroxy fatty acids unique to mycobacteria and related taxa. On collisionally activated dissociation in a linear ion trap or tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer, the [M-H](-) ions of mycolic acid generated by electrospray ionization undergo ...

Anteiso-branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) represent the dominant group of membrane fatty acids and have been established as crucial determinants in resistance against environmental stresses in Listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular pathogen. Here, we investigate the role of anteiso-BCFA in L. monocytogenes virulence by using mutants deficient in branched-chain alpha-keto acid ...

Refsum's Disease is an inherited metabolic disorder in which a metabolite of branched chain fatty acids accumulates due to lack of appropriate oxidative enzymes. Patients have elevated plasma phytanic acid levels and high concentrations of phytanic acid in a variety of tissues leading to progressive tissue damage. Besides retinal degeneration ...

To efficiently produce short-chain-length-medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates copolymer from substrate mixture containing sugars and/or fatty acids, fadA gene mutant was constructed in Escherichia coli DH5α phosphotransferase system (PTS) disrupted strain. Plasmids pCJY02, pBHR68 and pBHR71 were separately introduced into E. coli DH5α (ΔptsG, ΔFadA) by transformation, then the recombinants were cultivated in ...

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are considered to have important physiological functions. However, to prove this, SCFA must be determined, which is rather difficult as a lot of factors interfere with their production. This review focuses on the factors that influence the prediction of short-chain fatty acid formation in the large ...

Hibernation in mammals involves major alterations in nutrition and metabolism that would be expected to affect levels of circulating molecules. To gain insight into these changes we conducted a non-targeted LC-MS based metabolomic analysis of plasma using hibernating ground squirrels in late torpor (LT, T(b)~5 °C) or during an interbout ...

It is presently shown that long chain (C14, C16, and C18) alkanoic (saturated fatty) acids can form magnetically oriented hexagonal phases in aqueous concentrated solutions in mixtures with tetrabutylammonium (TBAOH) as the counterion. The hexagonal phase occurred for a molar ratio, alkanoic acid/TBAOH, higher than 1, i.e., for an excess ...

Short-chain fatty acids such as lactic acid produced by the intestinal bacterial flora have various physiological actions involved in health, and it is important to determine the concentrations of faecal short-chain fatty acids and evaluate their relationship with large intestinal diseases. In this study, we evaluated the highly selective and ...

Elovl4 is a fatty acyl elongase that participates in the biosynthesis of very long-chain fatty acids (>/=C24), which are relatively abundant in skin (saturated chains), or retina, brain and testes (polyunsaturated chains) of mammals. In the present study we characterised two Elovl4 proteins, Elovl4a and Elovl4b, from zebrafish Danio rerio, ...

The oral perception of fat has traditionally been considered to rely mainly on texture and olfaction, but recent findings suggest that taste may also play a role in the detection of long chain fatty acids. The two G-protein coupled receptors GPR40 (Ffar1) and GPR120 are activated by medium and long ...

J. Cosmet. Sci., 60, 509-518 (September/October 2009) Synopsis The effect of the anteiso-branch moiety of 18-MEA (18-methyleicosanic acid) to create a persistent hydrophobicity of alkaline-color-treated weathered hair treated with 18-MEA/SPDA (stearoxypropyldimethylamine) was investigated by comparing a straight-chain fatty acid (n-heneicosanoic acid, n-HEA) and an iso-branch fatty acid (19-methyleicosanic acid, 19-MEA) ...

The different long-chain fatty acid oxidation defects present with similar heterogeneous clinical phenotypes of different severity. Organs mainly affected comprise the heart, liver, and skeletal muscles. All symptoms are reversible with sufficient energy supply. In some long-chain fatty acid oxidation defects, disease-specific symptoms occur. Only in disorders of the mitochondrial ...

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are synthesized in plants from branched-chain keto acids, but their metabolism is not completely understood. The interface of BCAA metabolism lies with branched-chain aminotransferases (BCAT) that catalyze both the last anabolic step and the first catabolic step. In this study, six BCAT genes from the cultivated ...

The characteristic mutton odour, associated with the cooked meat of older sheep, can be problematic for some consumers who find the odour disagreeable. Branch chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are considered to be the main determinants of mutton odour. In this study, the aim was to identify the factors influencing the ...

In the modifier concept of intestinal carcinogenesis, lipids have been established as important variables and one focus is given to long-chain fatty acids. Increased consumption of long-chain fatty acids is in discussion to modify the development of colorectal carcinoma in humans. Saturated long-chain fatty acids, in particular, are assumed to ...

Two new omega-phenyl polyketide peroxides, plakinic acids K and L, were isolated from a two-sponge association of Plakortis halichondroides and Xestospongia deweerdtae. The absolute configurations of the remote dimethyl-branched stereocenters in plakinic acid K were assigned by degradation of plakinic acid K to a long-chain naphthamide and analysis by liposomal ...

Mitochondrial fatty acids beta-oxidation disorder (FAOD) has become popular with development of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and enzymatic evaluation techniques. FAOD occasionally causes acute encephalopathy or even sudden death in children. On the other hand, hyperpyrexia may also trigger severe seizures or encephalopathy, which might be caused by the defects ...

The existing protocols for analyzing fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) using a one-step acetyl chloride (AC) catalyzed transesterification and extraction procedure cannot accurately determine the medium- and long-chain fatty acids simultaneously in clinical (enteral, parenteral) formulations. For example: (1) addition of AC at room temperature generates an exothermic reaction that ...

Ceramides play a crucial role in the barrier function of the skin as well as in transmembrane signaling. In this study long aliphatic chain tartaric acid diamides able to replace ceramides in an in vitro model of the stratum corneum lipid matrix due to their similar physico-chemical properties were synthesized ...