This article reviews the current knowledge and experimental research about the mechanisms by which fatty acids and their derivatives control specific gene expression involved during carcinogenesis. Changes in dietary fatty acids, specifically the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 families and some derived eicosanoids from lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and ...

A consistent, reliable scale of Lewis basicity in dichloromethane for 26 bases, involving amines and nonprotogenic solvents, is presented. A Lewis acidic Zn(II) Schiff-base complex, involving formation of stable 1:1 adducts is used as reference acid. Evaluation of binding constants is achieved from spectrophotometric titrations, by the least-squares nonlinear regression ...

The larvicidal activity against Culex pipiens of all stereoisomers of dihydroguaiaretic acid (DGA) and secoisolariciresinol was measured, and these DGAs were found to be potent. Sixteen (-)-DGA derivatives were then newly synthesized to analyze their structure-activity relationship. Two derivatives monohydroxylated at the 3- or 4-position of the 7-phenyl group of ...

Equilibrating mixtures of allylic azide-containing allylic alcohols or allylic 2-tolylsulfonylacetic esters undergo Johnson-Claisen or Ireland-Claisen rearrangement reactions to give unsaturated γ-azidoesters and -acids, respectively. Decarboxylation of the acids under basic conditions gives azidosulfones, with moderate to high diastereoselectivity.

It is well-known that acetylsalicylic acid induces gastrointestinal complication. Recently, trefoil factor family has been reported as a mucosal protective factor. We focused on trefoil factor family as one of defensive system for gastrointestinal injuries. The aim of this trial was to evaluate trefoil factor family levels in the serum ...

Impressic acid, 3α,11α-dihydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid, is a lupane-type triterpenoid isolated from Acanthopanax koreanum, which has been used as a Korean folk medicine for rheumatism, hepatitis, diabetes, and inflammatory disorders. Recently, it was reported that impressic acid has inhibitory effects on the LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine production in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and ...

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple system atrophy. METHODS: We evaluated the influence of serum uric acid levels on disease progression in 52 patients with multiple system atrophy using changes in the annualized Unified Multiple System ...

A new nanoemulsifing system has been developed. This study refers to an innovative association of polysorbate 80 and palmitic ester of l-ascorbic acid for the production of good stability and very thin nanostructured emulsions with average micellar diameter size ranging from 100 to 300 nm. This system has showed to be ...

We demonstrate a systematic and rational approach to create a library of natural and modified, dialkylated amino acids based upon arginine for development of an efficient small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery system. These amino acids, designated DiLA(2) compounds, in conjunction with other components, demonstrate unique properties for assembly into monodisperse, ...

An oleic acid-based microemulsion system with a member of the Tween series or Cremophor EL as the surfactant and a short-chain alcohol as the cosolvent was developed for rapid-onset intranasal delivery of sildenafil. The phase behaviour and solubilization capacity of the microemulsion system were characterized, and nasal absorption of sildenafil ...

Here we reported on the first example of a Folic acid-based molecular hydrogel with nanosphere morphology as a delivery system for Taxol.

Micro-Total Analysis Systems (µTAS) for use in on-site rapid detection of DNA or RNA are increasingly being developed. Here, amplification of the target sequence is key to increasing sensitivity, enabling single-cell and few-copy nucleic acid detection. The several advantages to miniaturizing amplification reactions and coupling them with sample preparation and ...

Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) is widely used in ethnomedicine for its hepatoprotective, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. The major active components documented are glycoalkaloids (solamargine, solasonine and solanine), glycoproteins and polysaccharides apart from polyphenols (gallic acid, catechin, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, epicatecin, rutin and naringenin). It is mainly used in ...

Cannabis consumption is a well known risk factor for the onset of schizophrenia and evidence accumulates that the endocannabinoid system may play a central role in the disease etiology. Using a clinical bioinformatics approach, we have previously found primary fatty acid amides, which are linked to the endocannabinoid system, to ...

A metabolomic investigation of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats was carried out. Plasma obtained from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats treated by CUMS was analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Thirty-seven metabolites were identified among the detected compounds. Subsequent data analysis using the t test and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant ...

Plasma corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortin are elevated in preterm labour and/or fetal growth restriction (FGR). FGR is associated with reduced placental system A amino acid transporter activity and in vitro data suggest altered endocrine status could be responsible. Here we test the hypothesis that CRF and urocortin inhibit placental ...

The evidence of the beneficial health effects of dietary fiber and whole grain consumption is strong, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we investigate how the consumption of high-fiber rye bread (RB) or white-wheat bread (WB) modifies the plasma metabolomic profiles in postmenopausal women. The study was ...

This paper explores the way ceramide, sphingosine, ceramide 1-phosphate, and sphingosine 1-phosphate modulate the generation of second lipid messengers from phosphatidic acid in two experimental models of the central nervous system: in vertebrate rod outer segments prepared from dark-adapted retinas as well as in rod outer segments prepared from light-adapted ...

Adult Refsum disease is characterized by an elevated plasma phytanic acid level and high concentrations of phytanic acid in a variety of tissues. Besides tapetoretinal degeneration, additional symptoms are anosmia, skeletal malformations, chronic polyneuropathy, cerebellar ataxia, sensorineural hearing loss, ichthyosis, and cardiac abnormalities. A diet low in phytanic acid ameliorates ...

Idiopathic osteoporosis in middle-aged men is characterized by low-level bone formation. Inhibited anabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and amino acids may be of importance. In the present study fasting amino acid profiles in plasma and erythrocytes were determined in 22 male idiopathic osteoporosis (MIO) patients ...

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized societies. The lack of metabolite biomarkers has impeded the clinical diagnosis of atherosclerosis so far. In this study, stable atherosclerosis patients (n=16) and age- and sex-matched non-atherosclerosis healthy subjects (n=28) were recruited from the local community (Harbin, ...

Blood sampling for newborn screening cannot be standardized as for example blood collection in adults after an overnight fast. Therefore the influence of postprandial changes and individual variation is valuable information for the assessment of sensitivity and specificity of newborn screening for certain disorders. We have analyzed 92 pairs of ...

Concentrations of amino acids in a human plasma pool were determined using four independent quantification methods. Orthogonal separation schemes (LC, GC, or GC x GC) and detection systems (triple quadrupole or time-of-flight mass spectrometry) are shown to demonstrate excellent consistency among platforms for quantifying 18 amino acids in NIST Standard ...

Decreased plasma essential amino acid (EAA) levels, increased nonessential amino acid (NEAA) levels, and low EAA to NEAA ratio (E/NEAA) are common in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and may impact uremic complications. In the present study, we investigate the impact of keto acids-supplemented low-protein (sLP) diet on plasma amino acids ...

Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels are an important diagnostic tool in the investigation of neonatal hypoglycaemia. NEFA reference intervals have not been reported for neonates previously. The objective of this study was to determine an NEFA reference interval for neonates. Heparinized plasma obtained from 106 healthy neonates in the first ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of dietary therapy with regular dietetic reinforcement for adult Refsum disease. METHODS: Retrospective case note analysis of records of plasma phytanic acid and hospital admission of 13 patients with adult Refsum disease who attended the specialist centre and repeatedly received dietary instruction for a ...

The fatty acids composition of circulating blood lipids is expected to be altered by many factors (ageing, dietary intake, lifestyle...). In addition to the ageing consequences on their lipid status, elderly subjects represent a population at risk of nutritional imbalance. The main objective of the present study was to investigate ...

Alcohol-free licorice beverages contain glycyrrhizic acid. Excess glycyrrhizic acid is a well-known cause of excess mineralocorticoid syndrome. We report a case of glycyrrhizic acid poisoning in an abstinent alcoholic complicated by severe pulmonary edema following excessive hydration with intravenous normal saline.

Alterations in plasma fatty acid distribution are linked to metabolic abnormalities related to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate genetic factors influencing plasma fatty acid distribution in Alaskan Eskimos from the Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives (GOCADAN) study. Fatty ...

A time trend study focusing on ski waxing technicians' exposure to perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) from fluorinated wax fumes was performed in 2007/2008. Levels of eight perfluorocarboxylates and three perfluorosulfonates were analyzed in monthly blood samples from eight technicians. Samples were collected before the ski season, i.e., preseason, then at four ...

In alkaptonuria, the absence of homogentisic acid oxidase results in the accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA) in the body. Fatal disease cases are infrequent, and death often results from kidney or cardiac complications. We report a 24-year-old alkaptonuric man with severe decreased kidney function who developed fatal metabolic acidosis and ...

The diagnostic evaluation of spontaneous hypoglycemia in adults is mainly directed at detecting an insulinoma. Its interpretation is troublesome in those patients who develop low venous plasma glucose levels with appropriate hypoinsulinemia during a prolonged supervised fast. In this study, we investigated in this group of patients whether abnormalities in ...

Acrylamide forms from free asparagine and sugars during cooking, and products derived from the grain of cereals, including rye, contribute a large proportion of total dietary intake. In this study, free amino acid and sugar concentrations were measured in the grain of a range of rye varieties grown at locations ...

BACKGROUND: Blood lipids and inflammatory markers levels have been associated with the development and progression of atherosclerosis. As the association of inflammatory markers with plasma fatty acids has not been extensively evaluated and understood, we sought to investigate the associations between dietary and plasma fatty acids with various inflammation and ...

The association between premature pubarche (PP) and metabolic syndrome is controversial and not supported by some authors. The aim of this study was to determine insulin resistance syndrome, plasma adiponectin, and fatty acid profile in PP girls to discern potential confounder variables and markers of metabolic disturbances. We studied 22 ...

From an evolutionary perspective, the ancestors of cetaceans first lived in terrestrial environments prior to adapting to aquatic environments. Whereas anatomical and morphological adaptations to aquatic environments have been well studied, few studies have focused on physiological changes. We focused on plasma amino acid concentrations (aminograms) since they show distinct ...

Phytoremediation of triazophos (O,O-diethyl-O-(1-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-base) sulfur phosphate, TAP) pollution by Canna indica Lim. in a hydroponic system has been well studied, whereas the microbial mechanism on TAP degradation is still unknown. The variation in microbial community compositions was investigated by analyzing phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) profiles in microbes under TAP exposure. ...

BACKGROUND: Biological variation data for free plasma amino acids are lacking from the more comprehensive databases. Therefore, we determined the intra- and inter-individual components of variation in healthy subjects. These data were used to define desirable goals for imprecision, bias and total error, indices of individuality and reference change values. ...

An infusion of amino acids stimulates heat production in skeletal muscle and then attenuates the anesthesia-induced hypothermia. However, in a clinical setting, some patients have atrophic skeletal muscle caused by various factors. The present study was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of amino acids on the anesthesia-induced hypothermia in ...

N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), such as anandamide (AEA), are a group of endogenous lipids derived from a fatty acid linked to ethanolamine and have a wide range of biological activities, including regulation of metabolism and food intake. We hypothesized that i) NAE plasma levels are associated with levels of total free fatty ...

Old age is associated with an involuntary and progressive but physiological loss of muscle mass. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exclusive consumption for 6 months of a protein-enriched enteral diet with a relatively high content of branched-chain amino acids on albuminemia, cortisolemia, plasma amino ...

We hypothesized that plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are trafficked directly to intramyocellular long-chain acylcarnitines (imLCAC) rather than transiting intramyocellular triglycerides (imTG) on the way to resting muscle fatty acid oxidation. Overnight fasted adults (n = 61) received intravenous infusions of [U-(13)C]palmitate (0400-0830 h) and [U-(13)C]oleate (0800-1400 h) labelling plasma ...

Specific alterations in hepatic lipid composition characterize the spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which extends from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the plasma lipidome of NAFLD and whether NASH has a distinct plasma lipidomic signature are unknown. A comprehensive analysis of plasma lipids and ...

Objective-To establish comprehensive reference ranges for plasma amino acid and whole blood taurine concentrations in healthy adult cats eating commercial diets and to evaluate the relationships of age, sex, body weight, body condition score (BCS), dietary protein concentration, and dietary ingredients with plasma amino acid and whole blood taurine concentrations. ...

OBJECTIVE: To establish comprehensive reference ranges for plasma amino acid and whole blood taurine concentrations in healthy adult cats eating commercial diets and to evaluate the relationships of age, sex, body weight, body condition score (BCS), dietary protein concentration, and dietary ingredients with plasma amino acid and whole blood taurine ...

BACKGROUND: Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) catalyzes the limiting step of monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis in humans and is an important player in triglyceride generation. SCD1 has been repeatedly implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Therefore it is of great importance to determine SCD1 activity in human ...

In patients with liver failure, amino acid dysbalance is common and associated with hepatic encephalopathy. Prometheus is a newly designed extracorporeal liver support system based upon fractionated plasma separation and adsorption (FPSA). We evaluated the influence of FPSA on plasma amino acid patterns in patients with liver failure and hepatic ...

Dogfish sharks are opportunistic predators, eating large meals at irregular intervals. Here we present a synthesis of data from several previous studies on responses in plasma metabolites after natural feeding and during prolonged fasting (up to 56days), together with new data on changes in plasma concentrations of amino acids and ...

Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a plasma adaptor protein involved in the formation of protein complexes that regulate a number of biological processes in the blood, most notably coagulation and the immune system. Elevated levels of HRG are clinically linked to thrombotic disorders such as blood vessel occlusion. A large body ...

The present study was performed to examine a role of oxidative stress in oleic acid-induced lung injury model. Fifteen anesthetized sheep were ventilated and instrumented with a lung lymph fistula and vascular catheters for blood gas analysis and measurement of isoprostanes (8-epi prostaglandin F2alpha). Following stable baseline measurements, oleic acid ...