The mechanisms involved in the bioavailability of chlorambucil or 4-[p-(bis[2-hydroxyethyl]amino)phenyl]-butyric acid are poorly understood. The effects of different matrices on the disintegration of chlorambucil were investigated by HPLC, 1H NMR, 31P NMR, and mass spectrometry. Cellular incorporation and protein binding of the drug in vitro was assessed with [3H]-chlorambucil. Decomposition ...

The synthesis and purification of [13C2]p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid from [13C2]p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, the characterization of tert.-butyldimethylsilyl-derivatized tyrosine, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, and an isotope-dilution assay for these substances in normal human plasma using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are described. Using this method plasma p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, p-hydroxyphenyllactate and tyrosine levels of 68 +/- ...

Various acyloxyethyl mefanamates were synthesized and evaluated for potential application as prodrugs. Their kinetics of hydrolysis were examined in aqueous solutions of pH 1.0 and 7.4 and in human plasma at 37 degrees C. Among the synthesized compounds, the beta-carboxypropionylethyl mefenamate and the pivaloyloxyethyl mefenamate show high stability against enzymatic ...

Usher's syndrome type I is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss, absent vestibular function, and progressive pigmentary retinopathy. Other identifying clinical features have not been documented. In this study, we examined olfactory acuity, plasma levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and sarcosine, and cilia ...

Hydroxyethylsoyamide (HESA) was made from soybean oil (SBO) and ethanolamine to determine the effectiveness of this fatty acyl amide to escape ruminal biohydrogenation and increase unsaturated fatty acids in plasma of sheep. The disappearance rate of 18:2n-6 from in vitro cultures was reduced 61% when the substrates contained added HESA ...

The aim of the study was to develop a model for the pre-exercise elevation of plasma free fatty acids in the horse, with a view to its future use in investigations of fat metabolism during exercise. A comparison of the lipase releasing and anticoagulative effects of heparin and a related ...

The unesterified fatty acid patterns in plasma of predialytic (PHD) and hemodialysis (HD) patients were determined. The HD patients were divided into three groups: (1) HD without cardiovascular disease (HD-norm); (2) HD with cardiomyopathy (HD-CAD), and (3) HD with hyperlipidemia (HD-hyp). The relative abundance of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) was ...

OBJECTIVE: To report the course of a massive ingestion of the herbicide 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid or MCPA (4-chloro-2-methyl phenoxy acetic acid) and to correlate plasma 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid levels with symptoms of intoxication and treatment. CASE REPORT: After intentional ingestion of the herbicide, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, a young man suffered burning in his ...

Large volume paracentesis is a safe and widely diffused treatment of tense ascites in decompensated liver cirrhosis. Hemodynamic changes induced by this practice have been repeatedly indagated, but although some authors referred the lack of substantial modifications of plasma volumes after paracentesis, the administration of albumin or other plasma expanders ...

BACKGROUND: Hydrolysates are used in the treatment and prevention of cows milk protein allergy. Hydrolysis might alter the plasma level of amino acids. METHODS: Forty-five infants were included in a double-blind prospective study and were randomized in two groups: one receiving a whey predominant formula (n = 20) and the ...

The amino acid incorporation rate, generally described as protein synthesis rate or PSR, can be assessed in vivo using carboxylic-labelled amino acids such as L-[1-11C]tyrosine and PET. In animals, labelled tissue metabolites are below 4% of total tissue radioactivity and are therefore neglected in the model. Labelled plasma metabolites on ...

Using urea-solubilized human fibrin monomer as an immunogen, we raised in mice a battery of monoclonal antibodies that reacted with the immunogen but not with urea-treated or native fibrinogen. Although they all failed to react with acid-solubilized fibrin monomer (acid-FM) alone, an antibody designated as IF-43 was found to recognize ...

A new sphingolipid was found in newborn pig plasma at a level of 2.5 +/- 0.4% of total lipids. The compound decreased to less than half that amount by day one of age and virtually disappeared by the fourth week. On thin-layer chromatography (TLC) the new lipid migrated close to ...

To clarify the metabolic fate of glycyrrhizin when orally ingested, we investigated the bioavailability of glycyrrhetic acid, the aglycone of glycyrrhizin, after intravenous or oral administration of glycyrrhetic acid (5.7 mg kg-1, equimolar to glycyrrhizin) or glycyrrhizin (10 mg kg-1) at a therapeutic dose in rat. Plasma concentration of glycyrrhetic ...

Twelve patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder were studied after the administration of a mixture of amino acids devoid of tryptophan (TRP) or a mixture containing all the essential amino acids, in a double-blind, crossover design. The TRP-free mixture caused a marked depletion of plasma TRP. After TRP decrease, mean ratings of ...

We investigated the effect of intravenous infusions of the therapeutically available amino acid solutions Moripron and Morihepamin (Roussel Morishita, Osaka, Japan) on gallbladder contraction and cholecystokinin (CCK) release in healthy male volunteers. Plasma CCK levels were measured by radioimmunoassay, using the antibody OAL-656, which is specific for the aminoterminus of ...

A sensitive method for the determination of S- and R-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate enantiomers (KMV, alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate) in physiological fluids suitable for isotope enrichment analysis is described: after extraction with acid, 2-oxo acids are separated from interfering amino acids by cation-exchange chromatography. Reductive amination of the branched-chain 2-oxo acids by use of L-leucine dehydrogenase ...

OBJECTIVE: Describe plasma amino acid concentrations and total urinary amino acid excretion in subjects from an elderly female population. SUBJECTS: Fasting plasma samples, complete 24-hour urine samples, and 3-day diet records were obtained from 96 healthy postmenopausal women in one study and fasting plasma samples were obtained from an additional ...

The conversion of D-[U-13C]glucose to proline (Pro), aspartate (Asp), and cysteine (Cys) is limited in premature neonates, implying that these amino acids (AA) are conditionally essential. This study was performed to determine whether these findings resulted from an insufficient precursor dose or intracellular compartmentation of newly synthesized amino acids, rather ...

Adult animals and humans are known to increase renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in response to an acute protein load or amino acid infusion; however, the ontogeny of this phenomenon is not known. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that, despite normally high baseline amino ...

PURPOSE: To determine the composition and solubility of the precipitate formed by thiopentone and vecuronium in vitro. METHODS: The precipitate formed by mixing thiopentone 2.5% and vecuronium 0.1% at room temperature was analyzed by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The solubility of the precipitate in human plasma ...

BACKGROUND: Portacaval anastomosis has an hypolipemic effect in familial hypercholesterolemia and in healthy animals. In cirrhosis, it raises serum cholesterol, but there is no information on its effect upon plasma fatty acids. However, indirect data suggest that portacaval shunting might contribute to the polyunsaturated fatty acid deficit of these patients. ...

Intraperitoneal administration of 1% amino acid dialysis solution in patients on continuous peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is associated with improvement in plasma amino acid concentrations and inconsistent results with respect to nitrogen balance. Whether alteration(s) in lean mass and body fat distribution also occur remains controversial. Therefore 18 patients (P), on ...

Chylomicrons labeled in vivo with [14C]oleic acid (primarily in triglycerides (TG), providing a tracer for lipolysis) and [3H]retinol (primarily in ester form, providing a tracer for the corelipids) were injected into rats. Disappearance of the two labels from plasma and appearance of label in plasma free fatty acids (FFA) were ...

We investigated the metabolism of high dose 6 mercaptopurine (HD-6MP) infusions and its influence on the metabolism by allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, the enzyme that catabolizes 6MP into thioxanthine and thiouric acid. Nine patients (aged 2-11 years) with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were treated with HD-6MP (1300 mg/m(2).24h) within ...

This experiment was conducted to determine the respective effects of bovine somatotropin (bST) and energy balance on the in vivo responses of plasma nonesterified fatty acids and glucose to isoproterenol (a nonselective beta-agonist) or epinephrine injection in nonlactating nonpregnant cows. Two groups of adult Holstein cows were either underfed (n ...

Three factors contributing to inter-laboratory variation in the determination of amino acids in plasma, i.e. deproteinization, calibration and storage conditions, were evaluated in this study. Deproteinization clearly enlarged the coefficient of variation in the determination of cystine, aspartic acid and tryptophan. During this process losses of hydrophobic amino acids occurred, ...

The response in whole-body and splanchnic tissue mass and isotope amino acid transfers in both plasma and blood has been studied in sheep offered 800 g lucerne (Medicago sativa) pellets/d. Amino acid mass transfers were quantified over a 4 h period, by arterio-venous procedures, across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and ...

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of chronic heat exposure (32 degrees constant) on plasma metabolites and hormone concentrations in broiler chickens. At 2 and 4 weeks of age, fifty-four male Shaver broiler chickens were allocated to one of three treatments: 22 degrees, ad lib. feeding (22AL), ...

A sensitive stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the quantification of tiaprofenic acid in human plasma was developed. The procedure involved extraction of tiaprofenic acid from acidified plasma into hexanediethyl ether (8:2, v/v). Stereospecific separation was achieved with a prepacked alpha1-acid glycoprotein column without derivatization. The mobile phase consisted of ...

The amino acid consumption test (AACT) has been proposed as a simple tubeless test of pancreatic function, but studies of its diagnostic accuracy have produced conflicting results. Eighty-three consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of pancreatic disease underwent pancreatic stimulation for 1 h with an intravenous infusion of cerulein (50 ng/kg/h); ...

The Plasma concentrations of a lipophilic furan dicarboxylic acid (3- carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-fluranpropanoic acid; 5-propyl FPA), which is highly bound to albumin and not removed by haemodialysis, have been measured in patients with renal impairment who were not dialysis dependent or who were treated by either haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Neurological abnormalities ...

The aim of the study was to determine the free fatty acids and triacylglycerol concentrations in the gastric, duodenal, ileal and colonic mucosa of fasted-refed rats. As compared to fasted group, refeeding resulted in a significant increase of free fatty acids content in the mucosa of the stomach, ileum, and ...

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of Ukrain on the free amino acids pool in blood plasma in ten patients with breast cancer, treated in the preoperative phase with the drug. The control group consisted of five patients of similar age and advancement of the disease, who ...

Fresh plasma from Cryptobia-resistant brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) lysed Cryptobia salmositica under in vitro conditions. However, the parasite was not lysed if the plasma was heat-inactivated at 37 degrees C for 2 h or after the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to chelate the free Mg2+ ions. Addition of Mg2+ ...

This paper describes the interference of heparin (CAS 9005-49-6) in whole plasma used for free and total levocarnitine (L-carnitine, CAS 541-15-1) analysis. Alkaline hydrolysis required for total L-carnitine measurement does not overcome the problem. The same interference is also present in long-chain acyl-L-carnitine assay, because heparin precipitates together with proteins ...

The bioavailability of phenytoin was evaluated in rats upon oral administration of phenytoin-lipid conjugates obtained by covalent binding of 3-hydroxymethylphenytoin to 1,3-dimyristoylglyceride via a succinidyl linkage, to 2-(1,3-dimyristoyl-2-glyceryl)butyric acid and to 3-myristoyloxy-2-methylpropionic acid. Despite differences of the phenytoin plasma concentrations all three compounds approximately doubled the AUC compared with the ...

It has been suggested that atopy is associated with an impairment in the delta 6-desaturation of (n-6)-polyunsaturated fatty acids and subsequently low levels of eicosanoid precursors. To evaluate this hypothesis we analyzed the fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids and plasma cholesterol esters in a well-defined group of children with ...

It has been shown recently that the two largest alpha-carboxyamidated progastrin products are gastrin-71 and gastrin-52. Human gastrin-52 has now been synthesized, and the effect on gastric acid secretion and elimination from plasma was examined and compared with gastrin-17 in 12 normal subjects. The peptides were infused separately in four ...

The objectives of this study were to isolate and analyse human blood sphingomyelins from two European populations which have significant differences in both the composition of dietary fat source and the rate of mortality from coronary heart disease. Blood samples have been taken from healthy adult volunteers from a Greek ...

A large number of "biologic markers" for cancer have been described, including tumor-associated antigens, ectopic hormones, enzymes, and effects of tumor on the host's metabolism. Although tumors may metabolically differ from each other, they may induce similar derangements in glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism in the host. In particular, changes ...

Polyunsaturated fatty acids play an important yet poorly understood role in pregnancy complications. We are interested in the effects of aspirin therapy on the metabolism of these compounds. To determine the effects of low-dose aspirin on plasma levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors, we assayed linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and ...

We compared the plasma fatty acid (FA) composition of the habitual diet, measured by a 66-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), with the corresponding plasma phospholipid and cholesterol ester (CE) FA composition measured by gas chromatography in 3570 free-living, middle-aged adults. Pearson correlations between dietary and plasma FA (expressed as % ...

Pancreastatin (PST), a 49 amino acid peptide originally isolated from porcine pancreas, is derived from chromogranin A (Cg A), an acidic protein co-released with catecholamines from sympathetic nerve terminals and chromaffin cells. Extracellular processing of Cg A yields PST as well as other biological active peptides. Measurement of Cg A ...

A simultaneous GC analysis of more than 20 amino and nearly 30 non-amino organic acids abundant in plasma is for the first time possible. Isolation of the analytes from the plasma matrix is not necessary, keto acids do not require a preliminary oximation. An instantaneous derivatization of the acids with ...

OBJECTIVES: There is controversy about the cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced decrease of plasma amino acids for the diagnosis of pancreatic insufficiency in that it is unclear whether the conflicting results are due to different degrees of stimulation by CCK. We have therefore evaluated the amino acid consumption test by examining the dose-response ...

This randomised study aimed to compare the biochemical tolerance of three parenteral regimens administered during the first 48 hours of life. Twenty nine infants were randomised to either: (a) glucose 10%; (b) glucose 10%/amino acids; (c) glucose 10%/amino acids/lipid. Blood samples for plasma amino acid profiles, cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations ...

BACKGROUND: Cyclic changes in gallbladder filling and emptying during the migrating motor complex (MMC) cycle have been demonstrated by scintigraphy. However, a possible cyclic change in the hepatic function and handling of the pharmacologic agents used for scintigraphy during the MMC cycle could have an influence on these results. The ...

Hepatic encephalopathy in liver cirrhosis is due to several factors, including amino acid imbalance and hyperammonemia. Lactitol [correction of lactilol], a non adsorbable disaccharide, improves hepatic encephalopathy increasing bowel movements, modifying colonic bacteria and pH, and reducing blood ammonium. Ten patients with liver cirrhosis and longstanding stable hepatic encephalopathy were ...

The main interest of the present study was to determine possible alterations in fatty acid composition in rat plasma and liver phospholipids (PL) caused by chronic ethanol consumption, diazepam treatment and chronic consumption of alcohol and diazepam together. Chronic ethanol consumption (11 g/kg/d) elevated the proportion of plasma saturated (SFA) ...