The cat requires a diet high in protein and certain nutrients that are found only in animal tissue. It is possible that secretogogues of intestinal CCK in the cat may be different from those observed in non-carnivorous species. Plasma CCK concentrations were determined in cats (n = 6) given by ...

BACKGROUND: The syndrome of cancer cachexia can have a significant impact on response to therapy as well as on survival in cancer patients. Therapies directed at metabolic perturbations in cachectic patients are dependent on nutritional repletion and maintenance of adequate amino acid substrate levels. This study compares the ability of ...

Various bispilocarpic acid diesters (double prodrugs of pilocarpine) were synthesized, and their in vitro esterase catalyzed hydrolysis was evaluated in diluted human plasma, rabbit cornea homogenate, and specific butyrylcholinesterase solution. The structural changes greatly affected the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of the prodrugs. Bispilocarpic acid with 2 cyclopropane substituents was ...

Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and triglycerides were isolated from human plasma by column chromatography on silica gel. Eight principal fatty acids of each of these lipid classes were determined by gas chromatography of their methyl ester derivatives and quantified relative to multipoint standard curves. Within-day relative standard deviations for plasma ...

As a possible prognostic index, plasma levels of amino acids were serially measured for 1 week in 22 neonates with perforative peritonitis including gastric rupture and necrotizing enterocolitis and 28 neonatal surgical patients without infection as a control, who were subjected to total parenteral nutrition with hypertonic glucose and amino ...

To assess the possible role of altered central serotonin function in psychiatric disorders, investigators have utilized pharmacological challenge testing with an amino acid mixture to decrease blood tryptophan concentration and, indirectly, brain serotonin levels. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the effectiveness of a modified amino mixture, ...

OBJECTIVE: Transcervical resection of the endometrium with the use of 1.5% glycine for irrigation is associated with postoperative nausea in some patients. This could be because of hyponatremia or toxic effects of glycine and its metabolites. Moreover, 1.5% glycine is hypoosmolar, and hemolysis and fibrinolysis are possible. Changes in plasma ...

The authors investigated the hypothesis that neonates who received a parenteral amino acid preparation causing high plasma amino acid levels in the first week of life would perform less well at follow-up than those who received a preparation in which the plasma aminogram fell persistently within the normal range. 27 ...

Twenty preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive either a general-purpose intravenous amino acid solution or a neonatal formula at 1.5 gm/kg/day with 50 nonprotein energy calories for 1 week. Both groups demonstrated similar rates of weight gain and similar liver function test results, but comparison of changes from baseline ...

To investigate amino acid metabolism during endurance exercise as well as its influence on plasma prolactin (PRL) we subjected eight nationally ranked tennis players (mean(s.d.) age 25.6(2.8) years, mean(s.d.) weight 83.9(5.7) kg, mean(s.d.) height 184.4(4.6) cm) to 4h of continuous tournament tennis. Venous and capillary blood samples were taken before ...

A general scheme for the interpretation of primary and secondary abnormalities of plasma and urine amino acid concentrations is described. The key steps of this scheme are: analytical assessment of the measurements, comparison of results obtained with the reference values expressed in absolute and/or relative concentrations and identification of abnormally ...

A 36 year old male patient with adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) developed progressive spastic paraparesis and sensory ataxia from the age of 18. Biochemical studies showed increased plasma concentrations of saturated very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), subclinical evidence of adrenal insufficiency, and primary hypogonadism. Three female family members had increased plasma ...

Amino acids in human plasma were determined by liquid chromatography with postcolumn ninhydrin derivatization using a hydroxyapatite cartridge for precolumn deproteination. S-Carboxymethyl-L-cysteine, D-phenylglycine and S-aminoethyl-L-cysteine were found to be suitable internal standards. The proposed method is simple, rapid (deproteination time less than 1 min) and reproducible [relative standard deviation below ...

BACKGROUND: During standard hemodialysis, amino acid losses are substantial, amounting to 6 to 9 g per treatment. When these nutritional supplements are infused during dialysis, losses are increased, but a net positive balance can be achieved if the infusion rate is high enough. High-flux dialyzers, used with increasing frequency in ...

OBJECTIVE: Red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid composition and micronutrient status were investigated in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), with special regard to their relationship to clinical variables. METHODS: RBC fatty acid composition, selenium status--serum selenium and RBC glutathione-peroxidase activity (GSH-Px)--plasma copper, plasma and RBC zinc, plasma vitamins A and ...

Concentrations of tryptophan, serotonin (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in brain and plasma, as well as plasma amino acid composition, were measured after 1-h foot shock. Stress induced a rise in both plasma and brain 5-HIAA, whereas 5-HT concentration was found to be increased only in plasma. A prominent rise ...

Low plasma T(3) in severe illness is widely thought to be due principally to inhibition of 5'-deiodinase activity, but other factors also contribute to this response. Abnormal plasma constituents, namely, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furan propanoic acid (CMPF) and indoxyl sulfate in uremia, and elevated bilirubin and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) can impair T(4) ...

In this study, we have examined the effects of exposure to high temperature, carbon monoxide or a combination of both conditions in a model system, the rat and in industrial workers. In the rat liver, HSP70 mRNA and HSP70 synthesis were measured by dot hybridization and western blot. The results ...

Two methods are described, both currently used in our laboratory, for the quantitative analysis of very long-chain fatty acids, phytanic acid and pristanic acid in plasma and cultured fibroblasts by gas-liquid chromatography. The first method is based on the procedure developed by Moser and Moser (1991) and the second is ...

The serum zinc, prealbumin, retinol-binding protein and carotene concentrations and the plasma fatty acid composition were determined to assess the nutritional condition of 24 patients with chronic pancreatitis compared with that of 20 healthy controls. The daily food intake and faecal fat excretion of the two groups were also measured. ...

A gas chromatography/negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry method is presented to measure the isotopic enrichment of multiple serine and glycine isotopomers. The amino acid N-heptafluorobutyryl n-propyl ester derivatives were used. The method had good analytical linearity between 10 and 800 microg mL-1 and both precision and accuracy were 5% for ...

The effects of different nutritional states on plasma lipid concentrations have been examined in pregnant mares and their fetuses. Maternal and fetal arterial catheters were inserted into 12 pony mares between 244-303 days' gestation (term 320-360 days) and observations made from 5 days following the insertion of catheters. After recovery ...

Forty-eight barrows (61 kg), 24 Yorkshire x Landrace (YL) and 24 YL x Duroc x Hampshire (YLDH), were used to evaluate the effect of six dietary ME levels on concentrations of plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) and free amino acids. All pigs consumed equal amounts of each nutrient, except for energy. ...

It has been reported that prolonged prothrombin time may be a result of the interaction of acetaldehyde (AcH) with clotting proteins to form alkylated inactive products. The current investigation focuses on the influence of L-cysteine (CysH), DL-homocysteine (HC), D-penicillamine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), L-serine and L-alanine at 0.01 M concentrations, lactalbumin hydrolysate ...

The holostean fish occupy an important position in vertebrate phylogeny as extant representatives of a ancient group of ray-finned fish with evolutionary connections to present-day teleosts. Incubation of heat-denatured plasma from the bowfin Amia calva with trypsin generated bradykinin-like immunoreactivity. The primary structure of bowfin bradykinin was established as Ala-Pro-Pro-Gly-Trp-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg. ...

Increased plasma homocyst(e)ine is strongly correlated with occlusive arterial diseases. A series of different hypotheses have been reported including involvement of free oxygen radicals and therefore oxidative stress. We determined plasma homocyst(e)ine and homocysteic acid levels after oral low dose homocysteine thiolactone administration to rats for a period of six ...

The turnover rates of plasma lactate, normalized for O2 consumption rate, are higher in the fetus than in the adult. This occurs despite very low rates of fetal gluconeogenesis which preclude the recycling of lactate carbon into glucose. In an effort to establish the main routes of disposal of fetal ...

Intermediary metabolite concentrations were measured in blood during fasting in two patients with fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency. Hypoglycaemia was accompanied by markedly raised levels of plasma free fatty acids, without the expected degree of ketosis. This suggests that there is secondary impairment of ketogenesis in this condition, and could lead to diagnostic ...

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is frequently encountered in patients on regular haemodialysis therapy and presents an important determinant of morbidity and mortality. Usual therapeutic approaches to alleviate malnutrition have been unsuccessful. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) with amino acids (in combination with ...

BACKGROUND: Assessing the relationship between plasma fatty acids, specially polyunsaturated fatty acids in the mother and the fetus and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in an apparently well-nourished population. DESIGN: Case-control intrapartum analysis. SETTING: Academic tertiary hospital. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: There were 17 IUGR newborn cases (23 mothers) and 34 newborn control ...

The aim of this study was to investigate absorption and retention of nitrogen, fat, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, as well as plasma amino acid concentrations in 19 preterm infants fed three experimental protein hydrolysate preterm formulas (PTHF): seven received a preterm formula based on 100% whey hydrolysate protein (PTHF1), seven ...

Concentration of free amino acids (FAA) in the haemolymph plasma of male and female tasar silkworm, A. mylitta, during fifth larval instar were determined by amino acid analyzer after administration of vertebrate thyroxine (T4). Twenty FAA have been identified in haemolymph plasma in both sexes, out of which ten were ...

The relative contribution of hyperglucagonemia to the mechanisms of nitrogen loss during catabolic states has not been clearly established. The present study examines the independent effect of physiologic elevations of plasma glucagon on whole-body protein kinetics, as well as on net amino acid balance across the liver and gastrointestinal tract ...

A rapid, sensitive, and selective HPLC assay was developed for the simultaneous determination of ethyl clofibrate and its major metabolite, clofibric acid, in plasma of humans and rats. The assay involves extraction of the compounds into chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (99:1, v/v) from plasma acidified with sulfuric acid. For human plasma, the ...

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is an inborn error of peroxisomal metabolism characterised by progressive demyelination of the central nervous system and by hypoadrenalism. The biochemical defect of ALD results in an impairment in degradation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) with their accumulation in plasma and tissues. Many therapeutic approaches ...

Prosomatostatin is processed into two biologically active peptides, somatostatin (SS)-14 and SS-28. SS-14 is found in many tissues, whereas SS-28 is most prominent in the intestine. Human seminal plasma contained high concentrations (median = 3 nmol/l, range 0.6-76 nmol/l, n = 17) of SS with a higher M(r) than that ...

Homogenates of first (10.1 +/- 1.0 weeks) and third trimester placental villi were analysed for free amino acid concentrations. As has been previously reported, several amino acids showed increased concentrations during early pregnancy when compared to term. In addition, marked differences were seen in the levels of ethanolamine (which was ...

METHODS: A double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study in which plasma tryptophan was manipulated by administration of a tryptophan-deficient amino acid mixture. In the placebo condition, all subjects received a nutritionally balanced amino acid mixture that contained tryptophan. To further standardize baseline amino acids, each subject was provided with a low-protein diet ...

Total fatty acids in plasma of neonates have been analysed as their methyl esters by gas chromatography. They were separated on a capillary column coated with a SP-2380 stationary phase. As little as 100 microliters of plasma is used for the analysis. The extraction procedure was performed with dichloromethane-methanol (2:1) ...

A sensitive method for the simultaneous analysis of plasma alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) and leucine using GC-MS is described. Plasma was deproteinized after addition of both alpha-ketovaleric acid and norleucine as internal standards. Derivatization of the compounds involved protection of the keto groups with methoxyamine and tert-butyldimethylsilylation under optimized conditions. Mass ...

The fatty acid (FA) composition of plasma phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol esters (STE) was determined by high resolution capillary gas-chromatography in 115 apparently healthy subjects from birth to young adulthood. After birth, percentage contributions of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid increased, whereas long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased in all FA fractions. ...

High levels of fatty acids are detrimental during reperfusion of ischemic hearts in part because of an inhibition of myocardial glucose use. We therefore measured plasma fatty acids during and after myocardial ischemia in both adult and pediatric patients. In adult patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy after an acute myocardial infarction, ...

OBJECTIVE: Various measures of antioxidant status were investigated in relation to mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD: coronary heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, and stroke) and Keshan disease. DESIGN: Ecological study. SETTING: Sixty-five largely rural counties in the People's Republic of China. SUBJECTS: One hundred subjects in each county randomly selected ...

Concentrations of amino acids in plasma and whole blood in response to 10 hours of food deprivation were determined in healthy 2-day-old foals (n = 8) and were compared with control values in foals of the same age (n = 8) allowed free access to suckle. In addition, response of ...

Fasting patients with cirrhosis have high plasma non-esterified fatty acids, and a high turnover and oxidation of non-esterified fatty acids, despite high plasma insulin levels. To assess whether increased non-esterified fatty acid availability impairs utilisation of circulating glucose, and contributes to the insulin insensitivity in cirrhosis, we measured glucose, non-esterified ...

Amino acid concentration in blood cells and plasma and the calculated blood cell to plasma gradients (C/P) were measured in different blood vessels (aortic artery and portal, hepatic, iliac and renal veins) from both control and cafeteria diet obese rats. Essential amino acids are increased in plasma in all blood ...

Concentrations of 16 of 24 amino acids in plasma of foetuses were significantly higher, while four of 24 were lower, than their concentration in maternal plasma. The higher foetal concentrations of amino acids in plasma are similar to other species, with some exceptions, and suggest that equine placenta actively transports ...

The thermogenic, hormonal, and metabolic effects of intravenous nutrition were examined by administering a complete total parenteral nutrition (TPN) mixture to 11 subjects, and the relative contributions of the glucose and amino acid components of the mixture were evaluated by administering these nutrients separately (n = 7 and n = ...

Fasting plasma amino acid levels were measured in 78 patients with chronic renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate [GFR], 8.0 to 56.0 mL/min), who had been enrolled in phase II of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study, prior to their beginning the experimental portion of the protocol. Alterations in ...

Acute tryptophan depletion, which may reduce brain serotonin synthesis in humans, was evaluated in bulimic and normal subjects assessing its effects on the plasma ratio of tryptophan to the sum of the other large, neutral amino acids (TRP/sigma LNAA). Thirteen bulimic and 9 control women ingested an amino acid mixture ...