Oxalic and oxamic acids are the ultimate and more persistent by-products of the degradation of N-aromatics by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs). In this paper, the kinetics and oxidative paths of these acids have been studied for several EAOPs using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and a stainless steel or ...

A library of novel, lipid-modified derivatives of ascorbic acid was shown to exhibit highly attractive properties as surfactants, emulsifiers, oil soluble antioxidants, and highly effective gelators in organic solvents and especially water. In these systems, intermolecular hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces act synergistically to induce gelation as confirmed ...

Small fruits such as berries have low energy contents, but high content of vitamins, micronutrients, and dietary fibres and constitute a good source of natural antioxidant compounds that are important constituents of the human diet. This study allowed to identify a large number of compounds in an extract of blackcurrant ...

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) has major effects on the intestinal uptake and utilisation of Fe in humans. The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of Fe on the acquisition of ascorbic acid. The strategy was to study the cellular uptake and transport of ascorbic acid in ...

A new series of spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine] and spiro[benzofuran-2,4'-piperidin] hydroxamic acid derivatives as HDAC inhibitors has been identified by combining privileged structures with an hydroxamic acid moiety as zinc binding group. The compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit nuclear extract HDACs and for their in vitro antiproliferative activity on different ...

Acid-base equilibria and effective proton concentration inside a silica mesopore modified with a trimethyl ammonium (TMAP) layer were studied by steady-state fluorescence experiments. The mesoporous silica with a dense TMAP layer (1.4 molecules/nm(2)) was prepared by a post grafting of N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium at surfactant-templated mesoporous silica (diameter of silica framework =3.1 ...

Archived samples from a previously unreported 1958 Stanley Miller electric discharge experiment containing hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) were recently discovered and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We report here the detection and quantification of primary amine-containing compounds in the original sample residues, which were produced via spark ...

The extraction and purification of nucleic acids from complex samples (e.g. blood, biopsied tissue, cultured cells, food) is an essential prerequisite for many applications in biology including genotyping, transcriptional analysis, systems biology, epigenetic analysis, and virus/bacterial detection. In this report, we describe a new process of nucleic acid extraction that ...

Biodegradable hydrogels are studied as potential scaffolds for soft tissue regeneration. In this work biodegradable hydrogels were prepared from synthetic poly(α-amino acid)s, poly(AA)s. The covalently crosslinked gels were formed by radical copolymerization of methacryloylated poly(AA)s, e.g. poly[N (5)-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-L: -glutamine-ran-L: -alanine-ran-N (6)-methacryloyl-L: -lysine], as a multifunctional macro-monomer with a low-molecular-weight methacrylic ...

The 4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (sotolone) a naturally occurring flavor impact compound can be isolated from various sources especially fenugreek seeds. It can also be thermally produced from intermediates generated from the Maillard reaction such as pyruvic and ketoglutaric acids, glyoxal and 2,3-butanedione. A naturally occurring precursor of sotolone the 3-amino-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone was thermally ...

The thermal condensation of formamide in the presence of mineral borates is reported. The products afforded are precursors of nucleic acids, amino acids derivatives and carboxylic acids. The efficiency and the selectivity of the reaction was studied in relation to the elemental composition of the 18 minerals analyzed. The possibility ...

An ascorbate oxidase (AsOx) (E.C.1.10.3.3) purified from Lagenaria siceraria fruit was immobilized covalently onto a carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes and polyaniline (c-MWCNT/PANI) layer electrochemically deposited on the surface of an Au electrode. The diffusion coefficient of ascorbic acid was determined as 3.05 × 10(-4) cm(2) s(-1). The behavior of different ...

Analogs of the H-Tyr-Asp-Pro-Ala-Pro-OH pentapeptide with D: -amino acid residues either in differing or in all of the positions of the sequences were prepared and their oostatic potency was compared with that of the parent pentapeptide. The D: -amino acid residue containing analogs exhibited an equal or even higher oostatic ...

Cytosolic fumarase, a key enzyme for the accumulation of fumaric acid in Rhizopus oryzae, catalyzes the dehydration of L: -malic acid to fumaric acid. The effects of carbon-nitrogen ratio on the acid production and activity of cytosolic fumarase were investigated. Under nitrogen limitation stress, the cytosolic fumarase could keep high ...

We studied the relationship between dietary intake and the blood compositions of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (ARA) in four study groups with different ages and sexes. One hundred and four subjects were recruited. Dietary records together with photographic records from 28 consecutive days were amassed ...

A mild and efficient method was developed for the copper-catalyzed additions of H-phosphonate diesters to boronic acids under the copper catalyst system Cu(2)O/1,10-phenanthroline. To the best of our knowledge this finding is the first example of a copper-catalyzed synthesis of aryl phosphonates from arylboronic acids and H-phosphonate dialkyl esters.

Scutianene E (1), 3,4,28-tris-epi-scutiaene E (2), 28-epi-scutianene E (3) and scutianene L (4), four neutral cyclopeptide alkaloids, were isolated from Scutia buxifolia Reiss, together with four known cyclopeptide alkaloids, scutianines B, C, D and E. Scutianenes 1-3 are diastereoisomeric compounds, with 3-hydroxyleucine as a β-hydroxy amino acid unit, which is ...

Cyclopropane fatty acids (CFAs) are synthetized in situ by the transfer of a methylene group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a double bond of unsaturated fatty acid chains of membrane phospholipids. This conversion, catalyzed by the Cfa synthase enzyme, occurs in many bacteria and is recognized to play a key role in ...

Approximately 1100 genebank accessions of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and 540 additional accessions that included six of its related species-A. caillei, A. crinitis, A. esculentus, A. ficulneus, A. manihot, A. moschatus and A. tuberculatus-were evaluated for seed oil content using time domain NMR (TD-NMR). Oil content in seed of A. caillei, ...

A class of drugs successfully used for treatment of metabolic bone diseases is the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs), which act by inhibiting the vital enzyme, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS), of the mevalonate pathway. Inhibition of FPPS by N-BPs results in the intracellular accumulation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and consequently induces the ...

This work aimed to test if milk preserved with bronopol can be reliably used for fatty acid determination. Dairy production and milk quality are often monitored regularly to assess performance and contribute to selection indices. With evidence that fat composition can be influenced by selective breeding, there might be an ...

Abstract Increasing evidence suggests that fatty acid desaturases, rate-limiting enzymes in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, are important factors in the pathogenesis of lipid-induced insulin resistance. The conversion of dihomogamma linolenic acid (DGLA) into arachidonic acid (AA) in human plasma phospholipids has been shown to be regulated by insulin, suggesting a ...

Arnica montana is a medicinally important plant due to its broad health effects and it is used in Ayurvedic, Homeopathic, Unani, folk medicines and as a spice or additive to alcoholic beverages . We have used LC-MSn (n = 2-5) to detect and characterize in Arnica flowers eleven quantitatively minor ...

A novel asparagine-derived lipid analogue (ALA(11,17)) bearing a tetrahydropyrimidinone headgroup and two fatty chains (11 and 17 indicate the lengths of linear alkyl groups) was synthesized in high yield and purity. The thin film hydration of formulations containing 5 mol % or greater ALA(11,17) in distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) generated multilamellar vesicles ...

Lipopolysaccharides of seven Bradyrhizobium strains and three whole-cell fatty acid preparations from bacteria isolated from nodules of Sarothamnus scoparius (Common Broom) were studied for the presence of very long chain (ω-1)-hydroxy fatty acids. Several such fatty acids were identified. Among them, straight-chain as well as mono- and dimethyl branched acids ...

The culture conditions in CO(2) fixation by Actinobacillus succinogenes for succinic acid production were investigated by a model of available CO(2) in a 3-l fermentor. The results from the model analysis showed that the available CO(2) for succinic acid production in the fermentation broth is the sum of HCO(3) (-), ...

Eur J Clin Invest 2011 ABSTRACT: Background  The anti-inflammatory or anti-arrhythmic effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) may decrease the risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF), but interventional studies have yielded conflicting results. We examined the association between n-3 LC-PUFA and n-6 LC-PUFA in plasma phospholipids (PL) and ...

Evidence in the literature shows that in rodents, some taste-responsive neurons respond to both quinine and acid stimuli. Also, under certain circumstances, rodents display some degree of difficulty in discriminating quinine and acid stimuli. Here, C57BL/6J mice were trained and tested in a 2-response operant discrimination task. Mice had severe ...

  16-hydroxy-9-oxo-10E,12E,14E-octadecatrienoic acid, also known as Corchorifatty acid B (CFAB), is isolated from the ethanol extracts of the aerial parts of Melissa officinalis Linné (Labiatae) and exhibits inhibitory effects on cellular pigmentation in both human melanocytes and mouse melanoma B16 cells. CFAB specifically decreases cellular melanin by most likely inducing ...

The Bacillus subtilis genome encodes three apparent lipoyl ligase homologues: yhfJ, yqhM and ywfL, which we have renamed lplJ, lipM and lipL respectively. We show that LplJ encodes the sole lipoyl ligase of this bacterium. Physiological and biochemical characterization of a ΔlipM strain showed that LipM is absolutely required for ...

The correct identification of drying oils plays an essential role in providing an understanding of the conservation and deterioration of artistic materials in works of art. To this end, this work proposes the use of peak area ratios from fatty acids after ensuring that the linear responses of the detector ...

The unusual reactivity of carborane mono and dialdehydes with pyrroles in the presence of acid catalysts leads to the formation of a new class of carboranyl mono and dipyrro derivatives.

The use of a mixed-valent ruthenium oxide/hexacyanoruthenate polymeric film electrochemically deposited onto glassy carbon electrodes is proposed here for the detection of biogenic amines and their amino acid precursors, following their separation by microchip capillary electrophoresis. The ability of this ruthenium coating to electrocatalyze the oxidation of aliphatic and heterocyclic ...

The fatty acids of Agaricus essettei, Agaricus bitorquis and Agaricus bisporus were investigated by using GC and GC-MS. The dominant fatty acids were found to be linoleic (61.82-67.29%) and palmitic (12.67-14.71%) acids among the thirteen fatty acids detected in the oils. Total unsaturation for the oils was calculated as 77.50%, ...

Codon-anticodon mismatches and tRNA misloadings cause translational amino acid misinsertions, producing dysfunctional proteins. Here I explore the original hypothesis whether mismatches tend to compensate misacylation, so as to insert the amino acid coded by the codon. This error compensation is promoted by the fact that codon-anticodon mismatch stabilities increase with ...

Four species of Prunella L. (Prunella vulgaris L., Prunella laciniata L., Prunella grandiflora L. and Prunella orientalis Bornm.) belong to the family of Lamiaceae and representing popular Western and Chinese herbal medicine were examined for the content of phenolic compounds. Phenolic acids (rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, ...

The comparative electrochemical behavior of self-assembled monolayers of two Schiff's bases, 2-{[(Z)-1-(3-furyl)methylidene]amino}-1-benzenethiol (FMAB) and 2-{[(2-sulfanylphenyl)imino]methyl}phenol (SIMP) on a bare gold electrode (Au FMAB SAM-modified electrode and Au SIMP SAM-modified electrode, respectively), was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a 0.1 mol L(-1) KCl solution that ...

Fatty acid desaturases are responsible for the insertion of double bonds into pre-formed fatty acid chains in reactions that require oxygen and reducing equivalents. In this study, genes for FAB2, FAD2-2, FAD6 and SLD1, were cloned from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The ORFs of the four genes were 1,221, 1,152, ...

Arabinogalactan-protein, previously isolated from instant coffee powder of Coffea arabica, has been subjected to partial mild acidic and enzymatic hydrolyses. Separation of obtained mixtures by size exclusion and HPLC chromatographies afforded series of oligosaccharides, structure of which were studied by NMR spectroscopy. Mild acidic hydrolysis afforded oligosaccharides without any αAraf ...

We have developed a method based on a double labeling with stable isotopes and gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) analyses to study amino acid exchange in a symbiotic plant-microbe association. Isotopic precision was studied for 21 standards including 15 amino acid derivatives, three N-protected amino acid methyl esters, three ...

Microbial 1,2-dihydroxylation of sodium benzoate permits the rapid construction of novel inositol-amino acid hybrid structures. Both β- and γ-amino acids are accessible by means of an acylnitroso Diels-Alder cycloaddition.

Nano-sized sulfated titania has been prepared by a sol-gel hydrothermal process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron, and scanning electron micrographs (TEM and SEM), FT-IR specific surface area, and BET N2 adsorption were employed to characterize the properties of the synthesized sulfated TiO2. The results indicated that both anatase and rutile ...

The reaction rates for the rearrangement of eleven (Z)-arylhydrazones of 5-amino-3-benzoyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole 3a-k into the relevant (2-aryl-5-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ureas 4a-k in the presence of trichloroacetic acid or of piperidine have been determined in toluene at 313.1 K. The results have been related to the effect of the aryl substituent by using Hammett and/or ...

Unsaturated fatty acids may be extracted from various agricultural resources and are widely used as soaps in the industry. However, there also exist a large variety of saturated and hydroxy fatty acids in nature, but their metal salts crystallize at room temperature in water, hampering their use in biological and ...

A series of phenoxyacetic acids as subtype selective and potent hPPARδ partial agonists is described. Many analogues were readily accessible via a single solution-phase synthetic route which resulted in the rapid identification of key structure-activity relationships (SAR), and the discovery of two potent exemplars which were further evaluated in vivo. ...

The positions of charged residues in the primary sequence of amino acids comprising the molecular model of type I collagen, the major extracellular protein found in vertebrate tissues, have been earlier characterized by Chapman and Hardcastle [Chapman, J.A., and Hardcastle, R.A. (1974). The staining pattern of collagen fibrils. II. A ...

Neonates exposed to common neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) procedures show alterations in heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation. However, it is unclear if these physiologic changes increase adenosine triphosphate (ATP) utilization, thus potentially increasing the risk for tissue hypoxia in medically fragile neonates. Plasma uric acid is a ...

A study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxygenic activity of bitter gourd pulp and seed powders as well as their various solvent extracts using different methods and to minimise the oxidative deterioration of lipids by natural antioxidants. Bitter gourd pulp and seed powders at 20 g kg(-1) and their ethanol/water ...

The impact of five phenolic acids (ferulic, coumaric, caffeic, syringic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids) on fungal growth and type B trichothecene production by four strains of Fusarium graminearum was investigated. All five phenolic acids inhibited growth, but the degree of inhibition varied between strains. Our results suggested that the more lipophilic ...

New multi-valent, carbohydrate ligands that contain terminal N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) or lactose (Lac) were prepared using a nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) derivative of l-lysine as scaffold. Tri-valent structures were prepared by attaching an ω-amino glycoside of GalNAc or Lac to each of the three carboxyl groups of N(ε)-protected N(α)-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine. In addition, a ...