OBJECTIVE: Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is a widely used industrial preservative commonly found in children's drinks. In this paper we examined the effect of SHMP incorporated into children's drinks on acid production by the oral biofilm by monitoring salivary concentrations of lactic acid. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Twelve healthy adult subjects with ...

Sourdough has been used since ancient times and its ability to improve the quality and increase the shelf-life of bread has been widely described. During sourdough fermentation, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce a number of metabolites which have been shown to have a positive effect on the texture and staling ...

Celiac disease (CD) is one of the most common food intolerance. The only effective treatment for CD is a strict adherence to a gluten-free diet throughout the patient's lifetime. Gluten-free products are not widely available and are usually more expensive than their gluten-containing counterparts. There is, therefore, an urgent need ...

Alkali hydrothermal experiments with glycolaldehyde were carried out at 300 degrees C. Glycolaldehyde was converted into lactic acid in a yield of 28% based on the starting carbon mass of glycolaldehyde. A conversion pathway for glycolaldehyde into lactic acid is proposed and our results suggest that the pathway via glycolaldehyde ...

Intravaginal tablets based on hydrophilic methylcellulose and containing lactic acid complexed with chitosan undergo deformation under standard conditions. The high flow--limit of the gel originating from the tablets as well as its dynamic viscosity should ensure the durability of this dosage form on the vaginal mucosa. By selecting either ratios ...

The community structure of pink-colored microbial mats naturally occurring in a swine wastewater ditch was studied by culture-independent biomarker and molecular methods as well as by conventional cultivation methods. The wastewater in the ditch contained acetate and propionate as the major carbon nutrients. Thin-section electron microscopy revealed that the microbial ...

Poly-L-lactic acid gained U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for use in human immunodeficiency virus-related facial lipoatrophy in August of 2004. Since that time, it has become available for use in the United States for human immunodeficiency virus facial lipoatrophy patients and for off-label uses in other areas for soft-tissue ...

A polyphasic taxonomic approach was used to identify a major atypical group of gas-forming, arginine-negative lactic acid bacteria associated with spoilage of whole (nonsliced) refrigerated (4 degrees C) cooked hams produced in two Greek industrial meat plants. Biochemical characterization revealed that the ham isolates shared their phenotypic properties with Leuconostoc ...

Facial rejuvenation has traditionally centered on the correction of ptosis, lines, and wrinkles, typically achieved by surgical tightening of the skin or by injecting soft-tissue fillers. In recent years, volumetric augmentation and recontouring have been recognized as fundamentally important aspects of facial rejuvenation. An overview of volume restoration and recontouring ...

Saccharification and fermentation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) bagasse was carried out in a single step for the production of L-(+)-lactic acid by Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus delbrueckii. Using 15.5% w/v of cassava bagasse as the raw material, a maximum starch to lactic acid conversion of 96% was obtained with L. ...

Caries-causing oral bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans are protected by the actions of F-ATPases against acid damage in dental plaque acidified by glycolytic acid production or ingestion of acids foods and beverages. Catabolites such as glucose and sucrose were found to enhance the protection of S. mutans and also other ...

Using two types of genome-wide analysis to investigate yeast genes involved in response to lactic acid and acetic acid, we found that the acidic condition affects metal metabolism. The first type is an expression analysis using DNA microarrays to investigate 'acid shock response' as the first step to adapt to ...

We have shown that stable lactic acid fermentation of model kitchen refuse occurs with intermittent pH adjustment under nonsterilized conditions. Nonetheless, the optical activity of the accumulated lactic acid was low, which is disadvantageous for the production of high-quality poly-l-lactic acid. Here, we attempt to increase optical purity by introducing ...

The ability to produce vanillin and/or vanillic acid from isoeugenol was screened using resting cells of various bacteria. The vanillin- and/or vanillic-acid-producing activities were observed in strains belonging to the genera Achromobacter, Aeromonas, Agrobacerium, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Rhodobacter, and Rhodococcus. Strain IE27, a soil isolate showing the highest ...

Real-time PCR, or quantitative PCR (QPCR), has been developed to rapidly detect and quantify the total number of yeasts in wine without culturing. Universal yeast primers were designed from the variable D1/D2 domains of the 26S rRNA gene. These primers showed good specificity with all the wine yeasts tested, and ...

OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical data for poly-L-lactic acid, a synthetic polymer used as an intradermal injection for the treatment of HIV associated facial fat loss (lipoatrophy). DATA SOURCES: A literature search was performed using MEDLINE (1966-August 2006). The search was limited to articles published in English and used the ...

Protease-treated wheat bran (20% w/v) of particle size less than 300 microm containing 65% (w/w) starch was used for the simultaneous saccharification and L-(+)-lactic acid fermentation by the mixed cultures of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus delbrueckii. Maximum lactate yield after various process optimizations was 123 g l(-1) with a productivity ...

Oxalic acid was evaluated as a treatment for reducing populations of naturally occurring microorganisms on raw chicken. Raw chicken breasts were dipped in solutions of oxalic acid (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%, wt/vol) for 10, 20, and 30 min, individually packed in oxygen-permeable polyethylene bags, and stored at 4 ...

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are generally sensitive to H2O2, a compound that they can paradoxically produce themselves, as is the case for Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14431 is one of the very few LAB strains able to degrade H2O2 through the action of a nonheme, manganese-dependent catalase (hereafter called ...

Lactic acid has become the most commonly used organic acid for treatment of postevisceration beef carcasses. Many processors have also implemented 2% lactic acid washes on preevisceration carcasses. We previously demonstrated that hot water washing and steam vacuuming are effective carcass interventions. Because of the effectiveness of hot water, we ...

The extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are associated with the rheology, texture, and mouthfeel of fermented milk products, including yogurt. This study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of EPS purified from the culture supernatant of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) OLL1073R-1. The crude EPS were prepared ...

A flow-injection dual biosensor system with microdialysis sampling is proposed for the simultaneous determination of D-lactic and L-lactic acids. The dialysate from the microdialysis tube is delivered to a sample loop of the six-way autoinjector and then automatically injected into the flow-injection line with a dual enzyme electrode arranged in ...

Melasma is an endocrine-mediated facial hypermelanosis with epidermal and occasionally dermal components. We tested in a randomized double-blind design the effect of a whitening formulation (Thiospot intensive((R))) on this skin disorder. The product containing ethyl linoleate, thioctic acid, octadecenedioic acid, lactic acid and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate was applied twice daily for ...

A thermotolerant l-lactic-acid-producing bacterium was isolated and identified as Bacillus licheniformis TY7. TY7 shows optimum growth at pH 6.5 at 30 degrees C and normal growth up to 65 degrees C. Using nonsterile kitchen refuse at 50 degrees C, the strain produced 40 g/ll-lactic acid with 97% optical activity and ...

Yeast strains expressing heterologous L-lactate dehydrogenases can produce lactic acid. Although these microorganisms are tolerant of acidic environments, it is known that at low pH, lactic acid exerts a high level of stress on the cells. In the present study we analyzed intracellular pH (pHi) and viability by staining with ...

Transcriptome analyses of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium revealed that 15 genes were significantly up-regulated after 2 h of adaptation with lactic acid. cadB was the most highly up-regulated gene and was shown to be an essential component. Lactic acid-adapted cells exhibited sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, likely due to down-regulation of ...

Previous investigations of Aedes aegypti response to human odor components have revealed a number of compounds that attract host-seeking females. However, such studies have utilized only a small number of long-term laboratory Ae. aegypti colonies. Using laboratory y-olfactometers, we studied the attraction of four different Ae. aegypti populations (North Queensland, ...

Increases in bone formation have been demonstrated in mice and rats treated with statins, a group of molecules that increase the production of bone morphogenetic proteins-2 (BMP2) by stimulating its promoter. However, clinical use of statins (e.g., fluvastatin) is limited by the lack of a suitable delivery system to localize ...

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production was carried out under various C:N ratios. A ratio of 100 resulted best polymer yield. C-source was an important factor in synthesis. For example, as the ratio of valeric acid (C5) to butyric acid (C4) in N-free medium was increased, the mole fraction of HV in the ...

UV-resonance Raman spectroscopy is applied as a method for the identification of lactic acid bacteria from yogurt. Eight different strains of bacteria from Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, and Streptococcus thermophilus were investigated. At an excitation wavelength of 244 nm signals from nucleic acids and proteins are selectively enhanced. ...

AIMS: To examine the potential of Lactobacillus delbrueckii mutant, Uc-3 to produce lactic acid and fructose from sucrose-based media. METHODS AND RESULTS: The mutant of L. delbrueckii NCIM 2365 was cultivated in shake flask containing hydrolysed cane sugar (sucrose)-based medium. The lactic acid yield and volumetric productivity with hydrolysed cane ...

The underlying method for obtaining a beta-carotene-rich carotenoid-protein preparation and exopolysaccharides is the associated cultivation of the carotenoid-synthesizing lactose-negative yeast strain Rhodotorula rubra GED8 with the yogurt starter culture (Lactobacillus bulgaricus 2-11 + Streptococcus thermophilus 15HA) in whey ultrafiltrate (45 g lactose/l) with a maximum carotenoid yield of 13.37 mg/l ...

Fermented foods are frequently contaminated by histamine that is generated by microorganisms with histidine decarboxylase activity. The ingestion of large amounts of histamine can cause serious toxicological problems in humans. A study of the effects of histamine, histidine, and growth phase on histamine production by lactic acid bacteria isolated from ...

Alfalfa is a kind of forage that is difficult to ensile for good quality. Therefore, inoculants are always used to enhance the preservation of alfalfa silage. Through continuous restricted subcultivation, a lactic acid bacteria community (Al2) was selected from well-fermented alfalfa silage, which sharply decreased the pH level and produced ...

Quantitative NMR can be used to monitor several processes that take place in the transformation of the must of wine grapes. The study described here focused attention on monitoring of the malic and lactic acid levels during the alcoholic and malolactic fermentation processes. The method allows the simultaneous quantification of ...

Enormous amounts of lactic acid are produced during endurance sport by muscle cells. This metabolite is thought responsible for the muscle pain and the fatigue during sport. Its internal removal from the body by enzymatic conversion depends mainly on the capacity of the hepatic gluconeogenesis that converts lactic acid to ...

Lactic acid production by Rhizopus oryzae RBU2-10 immobilized in loofa sponge was evaluated. Shape and texture of loofa sponge, which was obtained from the mature dried fruit of Luffa cylindrica, remained intact after its treatment with buffers of varying pH and following its repeated autoclaving for up to four cycles ...

This study was aimed to identify the monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in HeLa cells and to delineate their role in transportation of L-lactic acid. The functional role of MCTs in lactic acid transport was evaluated at various mucosal pHs (4.5-7.4) or in the presence of various loading doses (0.2-2mM) of lactic ...

Despite the recognised antiproliferative and antitumour properties of usnic acid, its therapeutic application has yet to be introduced. In fact, the high hepatotoxicity and low water solubility of usnic acid have somewhat restricted its practical use in anticancer therapy. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the antitumour ...

Recently, the number of drug substances that are poorly water-soluble has increased dramatically. This makes improving solubility one of the most critical tasks in pharmaceutical development today. In this study, the physicochemical stability of an injectable solution of conivaptan hydrochloride salt was investigated. Because its free form is hydrophobic, the ...

Pharmaceutical grade D,L-lactic acid, which is rather an economic source in comparison to lactide monomer, was utilized for synthesis of a series of copolymers with sebacic acid. Polymers were characterized by GPC, FTIR, NMR and DSC techniques, and formulated into blank and methotrexate (MTX) loaded microspheres by emulsion-solvent evaporation method. ...

A systematic study on the degradation and drug release from L-lactic acid and ricinoleic-acid-based copolyesters is reported. These copolyesters were synthesized by ring opening polymerization (ROP), melt condensation (COND) and transesterification (TRANS) of high molecular weight poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with ricinoleic acid (PLA-RA), and repolymerization by condensation to yield random ...

The effect of potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, and ozone in combination with citric, lactic, and acetic acids on the microbial population of seasoned table olives of the olive 'Aloreña' cultivar was studied in both fresh (FF) and stored fruits (SF). The inactivation/growth curves were modeled and the biological parameters estimated, ...

Streptococci are the primary component of the multispecies oral biofilm known as supragingival dental plaque; they grow by fermentation of sugars to organic acids, e.g., lactic acid. Veillonellae, a ubiquitous component of early plaque, are unable to use sugars; they ferment organic acids, such as lactate, to a mixture of ...

In the production of commercially useful poly-L-lactic acid plastic from biomass wastes, a feasible fermentation process to produce optically active L-lactic acid would be required. Here, model kitchen refuse (MKR) was inoculated with Bacillus coagulans NBRC12583 under nonsterilized openculture conditions. At temperatures below 45 degrees C, a racemic mixture of ...

Gentiooligosaccharides and alternansucrase gentiobiose acceptor products were fractionated by their degree of polymerization (DP) on a Bio-Gel P2 column. Fractions were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, and incubated with human faecal bacteria under anaerobic conditions at 37 degrees C. The growth of predominant gut bacteria on ...

There is increasing evidence that Staphylococcus aureus may colonize the intestinal tract, especially among hospitalized patients. As Staph. aureus has been found to be associated with certain gastrointestinal diseases, it has become important to study whether this bacterium can colonize the intestinal tract and if so, whether it is possible ...

Spent culture supernatant (SCS) of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG had been reported to exert antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium. However, the chemical identity of the antimicrobial compound(s) responsible remained unknown. A survey of the antimicrobial compounds produced by L. rhamnosus GG was performed. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG produced a low-molecular ...

The hydrolysis process on corncob residue was catalyzed synergetically by the cellulase from Trichoderma reesei and the immobilized cellobiase. The feedback inhibition to cellulase reaction caused by the accumulation of cellobiose was eliminated efficiently. The hydrolysis yield of corncob residue was 82.5%, and the percentage of glucose in the reducing ...

A newly isolated sucrose-tolerant, lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus sp. strain FCP2, was grown on sugar-cane juice (125 g sucrose l(-1), 8 g glucose l(-1) and 6 g fructose l(-1)) for 5 days and produced 104 g lactic acid l(-1) with 90% yield. A higher yield (96%) and productivity (2.8 g ...