Microsomal cytochrome P450-dependent lauric acid hydroxylase activities were characterized in liver, kidney, and intestinal mucosa of the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Microsomes from these organs generated (omega-1)-hydroxylauric acid and a mixture of positional isomers including (omega)-, (omega-2)-, (omega-3)- and (omega-4)-hydroxylauric acids, which were identified by RP-HPLC and GC-MS analysis. Peroxisome ...

In fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), the development of hepatic encephalopathy is associated with grossly abnormal concentrations of plasma amino acids (PAA). Normalization of the ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids (Fischer's ratio) correlates with clinical improvement. This study evaluated changes in PAA metabolism during 4 h of ...

Tryptophan administration aggravates experimental mouse liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride when 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid concentration elevates in serum. Tryptophan metabolism is changed by macrophages in injured liver. 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid may be oxidized to cinnabarinic acid by injured mitochondria in the liver aggravating the state of injured liver. Mitochondria prepared from ...

TA1 is a rat liver oncofetal cDNA and a member of an emerging family of evolutionarily conserved molecules with homology to amino acid transporters and permeases. The aim of these studies was to characterize the regulation and role of TA1 in acute rat liver injury by examining its relation to ...

There are too few reliable markers by which one can predict future function of a liver before implantation. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that amino acids in rinse-effluents could predict transplant outcome in marginal fatty livers from rats. Amino acids were measured in the ...

BACKGROUND: Maternal dietary fats alter tissue fatty acids of the fetus and suckling pups. However, the possible change in tissue composition in response to the high oxygen tension extrauterine milieu independent of diet is not well understood. METHODS: We have compared the fatty acids of heart and liver choline (CPG) ...

Phytanic acid storage disease (known also as Refsum's Disease) is caused by inherited defects in the metabolic pathway for phytanic acid, a dietary branched-chain fatty acid. Poorly metabolized phytanic acid accumulates in fatty tissues, including myelin sheaths, and in organs including the liver and kidneys. Over time, affected individuals may ...

The intestine is now known to be an important site of protein production in the body, and glutamine (GLN) stimulates both secreted and non-secreted protein synthesis in the small bowel. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of GLN-supplemented parenteral nutrition on liver regeneration after hepatectomy. ...

We report a 35-year-old woman who developed severe acidosis, massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage, acute renal failure, and hepatic injury following ingestion of chromic acid (50 mL) and died 12 hours after ingestion. Postmortem liver biopsy revealed a fatty degeneration with chromium concentration 3.6 mumol/g. The kidney, with chromium concentration 2.6 mumol/g, ...

Previous studies have shown that the rate of fatty acid synthesis is elevated by more than 20-fold in livers of transgenic mice that express truncated nuclear forms of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs). This was explained in part by an increase in the levels of mRNA for the two major ...

A method for the determination of tissue perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA) was developed using gas-liquid chromatography with an electron capture detector (ECD). Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) were efficiently extracted from rat liver, methylated with diazomethane, and separated on GLC. Internal standards that were added to ...

The following aspects were investigated in the present work: (a) the action of flufenamic acid on hepatic metabolism (oxygen uptake, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, uricogenesis and glycogenolysis), (b) the action of flufenamic acid on the cellular adenine nucleotide levels, and (c) the transport and distribution space of flufenamic acid in the liver ...

A novel copper-binding protein was identified in the liver supernatant (100,000 x g) of Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC), purified to apparent homogeneity and characterized [corrected]. Purified major copper-binding protein (MCuBP) is solely responsible for binding about 35% of the total supernatant copper. Elution profile of ICC liver supernatant on Sephadex ...

Numerous studies show an association between poor fetal growth and adult insulin resistance. Recent studies have shown relation between the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of skeletal muscle membranes and insulin sensitivity. More detailed analysis has indicated that the activity of delta5 desaturase is inversely correlated to insulin resistance. ...

Fatty liver dystrophy ( fld) is an autosomal recessive mutation in mice characterized by hypertriglyceridemia and fatty liver during neonatal development. The fatty liver in fld/fld mice spontaneously resolves between the age of 14-18 days, at which point the animals develop a neuropathy associated with abnormal myelin formation in peripheral ...

Steatosis--accumulation of triacylglycerol in hepatocytes--is a common finding in liver biopsy specimens. The commonest form is macrovesicular change, which occurs in response to a wide range of insults. In the absence of other features, the pathologist cannot ascertain the likely cause on morphological features alone but can give an indication ...

Carnitine palmitoyltransferases 1 and 2 (CPT-1 and CPT-2) catalyze the transfer of long chain fatty acids between carnitine and coenzyme A. Unlike CPT-2, CPT-1 exists in at least two isoforms with different physical and kinetic properties. Liver and skeletal muscle each contain a different isoform of CPT-1. Cardiac muscle contains ...

The effects of dietary sesamin (a mixture of sesamin and episesamin, 1:1, w/w) on ketone body production and lipid secretion were studied in isolated perfused liver from rats given sesamin. Feeding sesamin at the dietary level of 0.2% from 14 to 16 d resulted in an enlargement of liver weight. ...

PURPOSE: To assess the extra- and intracellular uptake of the anticancer drug fluorouracil and its major catabolite alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine (FBAL) at gadolinium-enhanced fluorine-19 magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The relative fluorouracil and FBAL F-19 signal intensity increases due to extracellular and hepatobiliary paramagnetic contrast media were evaluated in ACI ...

Mice, at weaning, were placed on a diet supplemented with beef tallow (BT), linoleic acid (18: 2n-6)-rich safflower oil (SO), alpha-linolenic acid (18: 3n-3)-rich perilla oil (PO) or docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6n-3, DHA)-rich fish oil (FO) to modify membrane fatty acid vulnerability to peroxidation, then carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was administered ...

Copper ferrocyanide can be immobilized on Chelex-20, a technical grade chelating resin, for selective removal of cesium from neutral to acidic solutions. The immobilized copper ferrocyanide is much easier to handle than the copper ferrocyanide powder in extraction and separation of cesium from aqueous solutions. In the presence of a ...

Irinotecan [7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxycamptothecine++ +] is a water-soluble analogue of camptothecine used in the second-line treatment of advanced colon cancer. Recently, we identified, in the plasma of patients and in human liver microsomal incubations, the presence of a new metabolite of irinotecan, 7-ethyl-10-(4-amino-1-piperidino)carbonyloxycamptothecine (NPC), which is produced by cleavage of the distal ...

The mechanism of formation of the in-chain, unsaturated fatty acid metabolite, Delta3-valproic acid (Delta3-VPA) by rat liver microsomes was examined. Microsomal rates of formation of Delta3-VPA were below quantifiable limits in reactions catalyzed by control female rat liver microsomes, but were induced more than 20-fold following pretreatment with triacetyloleandomycin and ...

To estimate the relative significance of exogenous vs. endogenous fatty acids in increasing hepatic triacylglycerol secretion following an inhibition of fatty acid oxidation by emeriamine, livers from 2-d-fasting rats were perfused with or without an inhibitor in the presence of a geometrical isomer of linoleate (linolelaidic acid, trans,trans-9,12-octadecadienoic acid). Emeriamine ...

BACKGROUND: Selected esters of succinic acid were recently proposed as novel nutrients to support ATP generation in cells endangered by an imbalance between the formation and breakdown of this adenine nucleotide. In the present study, a new ester, glycerol-1,2,3-trimethylsuccinate, was examined for its potential beneficial effect in the procedures preceding ...

BACKGROUND: N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may protect against oxidative injury by providing cysteine for glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis or by direct reactions with electrophiles. We have recently shown that hyperoxic exposure of rats prior to liver perfusion is associated with significant decreases in hepatic GSH and significant changes in biliary amino acid concentrations. ...

BACKGROUND: We investigated whether liver-minus-spleen (L-S) attenuation differences can accurately diagnose fatty infiltration of the liver on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). METHODS: A group of 78 patients administered a fast injection (90-s duration) of 150 mL 60% ionic contrast was compared with 81 patients given a slow injection (152.5 s). ...

Extraction of the hepatobiliary radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-N-(3-bromo-2,4,6-trimethyacetanilide) iminodiacetic acid (mebrofenin; Choletec, Squibb Diagnostic, Princeton, NJ) by the liver may be used as an index of hepatocellular function. The hepatic parenchymal cells extract mebrofenin from the blood using the same active transport mechanism as bilirubin. METHODS: In this study, we induced hepatocellular ...

Effects of inhibitors of arachidonic acid (AA) cascade on the development of fatty liver, cirrhosis, glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive preneoplastic nodules, neoplastic nodules and generation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), caused by a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet, were examined in Fischer 344 male rats by feeding CDAA diet supplemented with ...

In vitro techniques have been used to investigate the nature of microsomal cytochrome P450 involved in the metabolism of oleic acid, a physiological monounsaturated fatty acid. Like lauric acid, which is currently used as a model substrate of fatty acid metabolism, the alkyl chain of oleic acid is hydroxylated on ...

During chronic metabolic acidosis, the degradation of protein and amino acids reportedly increases. Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDH) relates amino-acid catabolism and mitochondrial-energy metabolism. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of acidosis on the activity of liver BCKDH, the key regulatory enzyme in the catabolism of branched-chain ...

Monooxygenase enzymatic activities were measured in liver and kidney microsomes of control and ethanol-treated rats. Animals were administered alcohol by using a model for alcoholic liver injury. Several in vitro approaches were used to compare the laurate metabolism in liver and kidney microsomes: correlation studies between specific P-450 catalytic activities, ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Dietary nucleotides modulate a number of metabolic processes, including long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism. In this study, we evaluated the effect of dietary nucleotides on plasma and liver microsomal fatty acid profiles in a rat model of liver cirrhosis induced by oral intake of thioacetamide. METHODS: Fifty-four female Wistar ...

Oleanolic acid is a triterpenoid compound that has been shown to protect against liver injury produced by some hepatotoxicants. This study was designed to characterize the protective effects of oleanolic acid on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, and the role of metallothionein in the protection. Oleanolic acid pretreatment (100-400 micromol/kg, s.c.) protected ...

Orotic acid is known to cause fatty liver, but it is unclear whether this is caused partly by stimulation of the enzymes for triacylglycerol (TG) synthesis. To understand the change of hepatic TG metabolism in fatty liver induced by orotic acid, we determined the liver tissue TG level and phosphatidate ...

A relationship between increased lipid concentration in the liver and reduced hepatic function has been suggested; however, there is little direct evidence of change in specific hepatic functions. Hepatocytes were obtained from ruminating calves and were incubated as monolayers for 36 h. The media contained a mixture of nonesterified fatty ...

The occurrence of an unusual fatty acid, iso 24:0 (22-methyltricosanoic acid), has been shown to be present in the sphingomyelin from rat liver by gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fatty acid is also present in the sphingomyelin of rat tissues tested, except for brain and fetal serum. Supplementation of diets ...

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can be oxygenated by mammalian hepatic P450s to a series of metabolites. The most prominent of these are formed by omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation, epoxidation of the double bonds or bisallylic hydroxylation. The object of the present investigation was to determine whether similar oxygenations are catalyzed by ...

Cytosolic fractions B (salted out between 51-70% ammonium sulphate saturation) from rat liver and Morris hepatoma 7777, containing pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) M2 isoenzymes, were purified by affinity chromatography on Blue Sepharose CL-6B. When compared by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.3, all three M2 pyruvate kinase variants from Morris ...

Bisallylic carbons of polyunsaturated fatty acids can be hydroxylated in NADPH-dependent reactions in liver microsomes. Human recombinant cytochromes P450 and human and rat liver microsomes were assayed for bisallylic hydroxylation activity. CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 converted [14C]linoleic acid to 14C-labeled 11-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (11-HODE), whereas [14C]arachidonic acid was oxygenated ...

Hepatic clearance of long-chain fatty acids is substantially faster in females than in males, a fact that may underlie known gender-related differences in lipoprotein metabolism and associated disease states. To further investigate the transport steps responsible for this difference, we used a novel method combining multiple-indicator dilution and steady-state measurements ...

The purpose of this investigation was to study the metabolic situation in clinical cases of bovine ketosis and to diagnose additional diseases. Extensive clinical examination, clinical biochemistry, haematology and fine-needle aspiration biopsy of liver was performed on 17 ketotic and eight control dairy cows in the field, and on seven ...

Addition of 0.5-5 microM cytochrome c and 30 microM lauric acid to rat liver mitochondria stimulated the respiration rate. Stimulation of respiration by cytochrome c was prevented by cyclosporin A and was not observed in the absence of lauric acid. High amplitude swelling of mitochondria in the presence of lauric ...

OBJECTIVE: Despite the large body of evidence for a major role of neutrophils and oxidant stress, the exact pathogenesis of the early ischemia/reperfusion injury after cold preservation of the liver is not well understood. The potential benefit of an antioxidant on metabolic liver function during reperfusion has been demonstrated in ...

1. Both trichloroethylene and its metabolite, dichloroacetic acid, produce liver tumors peroxisome proliferation and other adverse cellular alterations in rodents. 2. The hepatic mechanism by which dichloroacetic acid is formed is not conclusively demonstrated, but pharmacokinetic models have successfully associated its formation with trichloroacetic acid as immediate precursor. 3. Previous ...

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to elucidate the specific effects of short-term artificial nutrition on human liver protein metabolism. METHODS: Thirty patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were studied: a control group (n = 16) and a group that received total parenteral nutrition (TPN; n = 14). The nutrition consisted of ...

Pyrazole, acetone, and ethanol are known to induce cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and fatty acid (omega-1)-hydroxylation in rat liver microsomes. However, the nature of the P450 enzyme involved in this (omega-1)-hydroxylation has not been clearly established in extrahepatic tissues such as kidney. Four enzymatic activities (hydroxylations of chlorzoxazone, 4-nitrophenol, and ...

Cholesterol ester storage disease (CESD) is a rare congenital disorder of lipid metabolism, with mutation of the lysosomal acid lipase gene, causing chronic liver disease, usually before adolescence. We here describe three adult siblings with CESD diagnosed by light microscopic demonstration of excessive lysosomal storage of lipids with accumulation of ...

We have reexamined the hydroxylation of [1-14C]-lauric acid by trout liver microsomes and reconstituted trout P450s using a new HPLC system that gave an improved separation of hydroxylauric acids. Under these conditions, hepatic microsomes from yearling juvenile trout were shown to form omega-, (omega-1)-, (omega-2)-, (omega-3)-, (omega-4)-, (omega-5)-, and (omega-6)-OH ...

1. A metabolite of D-serine-cyclosporine A has been isolated from phenobarbital induced rabbit liver microsomes using hplc. 2. This metabolite was identified by FAB, electrospray mass spectrometry as well as nmr spectroscopy and is the result of metabolism of the vinylic methyl group of the 9-carbon amino acid unique to ...