Studies of odour-control pilot-scale biofilters at a rendering plant were conducted for five years. The biofilters contained different sizes of crushed pine bark or a mixture of zeolite and crushed bark, and treated the exhaust gases from direct-fired meal dryers. The exhaust gases were odorous and contained significant smoke. The ...

Folic acid (folacin, pteroylglutamic acid) is a monoglutamate form of the water-soluble B vitamin that is involved in the synthesis of nucleotides and amino acids and the normal maturation of red blood cells. This study describes the folic acid calls received by Texas poison centers during 1998-2003. There were 650 ...

The triazine WR99210 [4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropyloxy)-1,3,5 triazine] inhibits Toxoplasma gondii in vitro at nanomolar levels (P < 0.05). The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) was approximately 50 nM. It is a potent inhibitor in vitro and is also effective in vivo. Administration of WR99210 parenterally (i.e., intraperitoneally) reduced the mean number of RH ...

OBJECTIVE: Since January 1998, the Federal Drug Administration has required folic acid fortification of all enriched cereal-grain products in the U.S. This program intended to increase folic acid intake among women of childbearing age in order to decrease their risk of pregnancies affected by neural tube defects. The aim of ...

We aimed to assess the accuracy of Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) in detecting right ventricle (RV) dysfunction and electromechanical coupling alteration following pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in rat. PHT was induced by chronic hypoxia exposure (hypoxic PHT) or monocrotaline treatment (monocrotaline PHT). In both PHT models, we observed transparietal RV pressure ...

In this study, we found that the optimum take-off angle for a long jumper may be predicted by combining the equation for the range of a projectile in free flight with the measured relations between take-off speed, take-off height and take-off angle for the athlete. The prediction method was evaluated ...

Malaria and anemia are common conditions in patients presenting to outpatient clinics in Kenya. Anemia is usually due to malaria infection with underlying micronutrient deficiency. Iron therapy has been shown to enhance recovery from anemia in children with malaria, without affecting malaria treatment. Iron and folic acid are often prescribed ...

Pharmaceuticals are continuously dispersed into the environment as a result of human and veterinary use, posing relevant environmental concerns. This study evaluated the acute toxicity of three therapeutic agents (diazepam, clofibrate, and clofibric acid) and a detergent (sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS) in three aquatic species, namely the euryhaline fish Gambusia ...

The interactions between bovine folate-binding protein (FBP) and different folate derivatives in pure diastereoisomeric forms were studied at pH 7.4 by a surface plasmon resonance technology (Biacore). The results show that folic acid had the most rapid association rate (k(a) = 1.0 x 10(6) M(-)(1) s(-)(1)), whereas (6S)-5-HCO-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid had ...

In the elderly, folic acid deficiency may result in psychiatric symptoms or the increases in severity of other organic and non-organic mental diseases. We aimed to characterize elderly, community-dwelling, newly admitted patients to a large urban psychiatric hospital who are suffering from untreated folic acid deficiency in comparison with elderly ...

Folic acid deficiency during conception up to the end of the third month of gestation is believed to play the most important factor in neural tube defects (NTDs). However, the exact molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. It has been suggested that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta1) and insulin-like growth factor-1 ...

Most naturally occurring folate derivatives in foods are highly sensitive to temperature, oxygen, light and their stability is affected by processing conditions. Folic acid incorporated microcapsules using alginate and combinations of alginate and pectin polymers were prepared to improve stability. Folic acid stability was evaluated with reference to encapsulation efficiency, ...

Epidemiological studies suggest that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables protects against colorectal cancer. This effect may result from their high levels of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid). Folic acid holds a key position in DNA synthesis and mitosis as well as DNA methylation and regulation of gene expression. Folic ...

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the level of knowledge and use of folic acid among near relatives in U.S. families of a child with spina bifida. We hypothesized that relatives would be more knowledgeable than the general population and more likely to take folic acid. Further, we hypothesized that relatives ...

Quicker onset and shorter elimination time favours (+/-) articaine as a short-acting local anaesthetic for regional anaesthesia in day-case settings, e.g. arthroscopy (shoulder, knee), hand and foot surgery, and dentistry, because patients treated with articaine will be 'drug free' more quickly than those who receive other local anaesthetics. Articaine diffuses ...

In Poland bread as a staple food both made from wheat and rye flour can be a potential product for future fortification with folic acid. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of fermentation and baking on added folic acid and some endogenous folates stability during breadmaking ...

Treatment of the first leaves of barley seedlings with the oxylipin colneleic acid, or the two trihydroxy oxylipins 9,12,13-trihydroxy-11(E)-octadecenoic acid and 9,12,13-trihydroxy-10(E)-octadecenoic acid, reduced infection of that leaf by the powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis Speer f sp hordei Marchal. When applied to first leaves, etheroleic acid and colneleic acid, ...

BACKGROUND: There is a considerable body of data demonstrating that periconceptional supplementation of folic acid can prevent a significant proportion of neural tube defects (NTDs). At present, the mechanism by which folic acid exerts its beneficial effect remains unknown. Folate transporter genes, including the reduced folate carrier gene (RFC1), have ...

Neural tube defects (NTD), including anencephaly and spina bifida, are a group of severe congenital abnormalities in which the future brain and/or spinal cord fail to close. In mice, NTD may result from genetic mutations or knockouts, or from exposure to teratogenic agents, several of which are known risk factors ...

A simple, rapid and sensitive procedure using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) to measure methotrexate, folinic acid and folic acid in human urine has been developed and validated. Optimum separation of methotrexate, folinic acid and folic acid was obtained on a 60 cm x 75 microm capillary using a 15 mM ...

We have investigated the ability of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) to modulate nitric oxide (NO)-independent vascular relaxations that are mediated by the sequential spread of endothelial hyperpolarization through the wall of the rabbit iliac artery by means of myoendothelial and homocellular smooth muscle gap junctions. Relaxations and subintimal smooth ...

Key research findings relative to the question of whether maternal use of folic acid before and during pregnancy reduces the chance that offspring will be born with a congenital heart defect or an orofacial cleft are reviewed in this paper. Observational studies in general support an association between maternal use ...

Folic acid treatment decreases plasma total homocysteine concentrations in healthy subjects, but the effects on homocysteine metabolism are unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of 3 weeks of oral treatment with 5 mg of folic acid on one-carbon flux rates in 12 healthy subjects, using in vivo ...

The number of pregnancies affected by neural tube defects has been estimated to be 4000/year in Europe, with a higher prevalence in Celtic populations and in women of low socioeconomic status. Since the 1980s, it has been shown that supplementation with folic acid during the periconceptual period reduces the risk ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A low dietary folate intake can cause genomic DNA hypomethylation and may increase the risk of colorectal neoplasia. The hypothesis that folic acid supplementation increases DNA methylation in leucocytes and colorectal mucosa was tested in 31 patients with histologically confirmed colorectal adenoma using a randomised, double blind, ...

The effects of adding amino acids on the content of acrylamide in potato crisps, French fries, flat breads, and bread crusts were investigated. Addition of glycine or glutamine during blanching of crisps reduced the amount of acrylamide by approximately 30% compared to no addition. No effect was found in French ...

The vitamin folate is vital for all living creatures. Scientists have suggested that ultraviolet degradation of folate in vivo played a role in the evolution of mankind. In order to better understand the photodegradation of folate, we have provided a spectroscopic study of the ultraviolet photodegradation of aqueous folic acid ...

The early third instar larvae of Fannia canicularis were treated with various concentrations of Rumex dentatus, Protulaca deracea and Piper cubebae extracts. The Rumex dentatus was more toxic than Protulaca deracea and Piper cubebae. The extract mixture of Rumex dentatus and Piper cubebae induced a high synergistic action against the ...

OBJECTIVE: Fewer than one third of American women take folic acid daily, although many women report that they would take folic acid if their physicians advised them to do so. This study determined the impact of a physician intervention during routine gynecologic visits on folic acid supplementation. STUDY DESIGN: Patients ...

Brucella species are facultative intracellular bacteria, and therefore a limited number of antibiotics are effective against these organisms. The side effects of drug combination schemes, and the incidences of relapses and therapeutic failures, have led to investigations of new drugs to treat brucellosis. The purpose of this study was to ...

Different nutrient elements were analyzed in the lichen Cryptothecia punctulata collected from the arecanut trees which were exposed to several sprays of a fungicide Bordeaux mixture. The study revealed the accumulation of fungicidal elements such as Cu, Ca and S in higher concentration of 575.4, 10,000 and 21,000 microg g(-1), ...

Three enclosures (10 x 10 x 1.5-1.3 m in depth) were set beside Dianch Lake, Kunming, People's Republic of China, for the period from July 28 to August 26, 2002. The enclosures were filled with cyanobacterial (Microcystis aeruginosa) water bloom-containing lake water. Lake sediment that contained macrophytes and water chestnut ...

AIM: To evaluate the effects of folic acid on epithelial apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and p53 in the tissues of premalignant gastric lesions. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients, with premalignant gastric lesions including 18 colonic-type intestinal metaplasia (IM) and 20 mild or moderate dysplasia, were randomly divided into a treatment group ...

During the past 10 years almost 1,500 people have been killed in motor vehicle collisions with animals. Police reports on 147 fatal vehicle-animal crashes during 2000-2002 were obtained from nine states. The goal was to determine common crash types, types of animals involved, and steps that could be taken to ...

We report a 23-year-old man who presented with acute abdomen. At laparotomy, he was diagnosed to have superior mesenteric artery thrombosis, with consequent extensive intestinal gangrene extending from the proximal jejunum till the mid transverse colon. He subsequently developed dry gangrene of the digits. Further evaluation showed that he had ...

Periconceptual folic acid prevents neural tube defects. The effect of folic acid taken throughout pregnancy is unclear, however. We re-analysed data from a large randomised controlled trial performed between 1966 and 1967 and combined the results with those from trials included in a Cochrane review. A total of 2928 women ...

Twenty naturally infected ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizomes displaying visible mold growth were examined to identify the fungi and to evaluate the presence of fungal secondary metabolites. Penicillium brevicompactum was the predominant species isolated from 85% of the samples. Mycophenolic acid was identified from corresponding tissue extracts. Because mycophenolic acid is ...

Whereas animal and in vitro studies support a role of unsaturated fatty acids in colon carcinogenesis, the epidemiologic evidence is inconclusive. Using a large sigmoidoscopy-based case-control study (753 cases and 799 controls) in Los Angeles County, we investigated possible associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the XRCC1 (codons 194 Arg/Trp and ...

BACKGROUND: Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that periconceptional folic acid supplementation has a dramatic effect in reducing neural tube defects, one of the most serious congenital anomalies. Unfortunately, supplementation tends to be suboptimal in disadvantaged populations. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to determine patient factors associated with a lack of ...

Two synthetic routes to folic acid (FA)-functionalized diblock copolymers based on 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine [MPC] and either 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate [DMA] or 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate [DPA] were explored. The most successful route involved atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of MPC followed by the tertiary amine methacrylate using a 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (Fmoc)-protected ATRP initiator. ...

Single (13)C(6)-labeled doses of pteroylmonoglutamic acid (PteGlu: 634 nmol; n = 14), (6S-)5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid (431-569 nmol; n = 16), or [(15)N(1-7)]-intrinsically labeled spinach (mainly 5-methyltetrahydrofolate) (588 nmol; n = 14) were fed to fasting adult volunteers. Plasma-labeled 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid responses were monitored for 8 h. There was a slower rate ...

To determine whether failure to adequately adjust for a reported 40% misclassification of use of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) as reported in a Swedish study could have led to a false finding that folic acid increases dizygotic twinning. Modelling with population based data. Swedish vital records for 1995-9. Rates of ...

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of congenital malformations with worldwide distribution and complex aetio-pathogenesis. Animal studies indicate that there may be four sites of initiation of neural tube closure (NTC). Selective involvement of these sites may lead to defects varying from anencephaly to spina bifida. The NTC involves ...

Human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) has been overexpressed in E. coli as a mutant dihydrofolic acid reductase (DHFR) fusion protein with a thrombin sensitive linker. An initial DEAE anion-exchange chromatography resulted in partial purification of the fusion protein. The fusion protein was cleaved with thrombin, and human rNAT1 was purified ...

Of 98 strains of moulds, isolated from arctic soils, Mortierella minutissima 01, grew the best on agar plates with limonene vapor. Perillyl alcohol and perillic acid were the main products of limonene biotransformation. Maximal yield of perillyl alcohol (125 mg l(-1)) occurred in medium containing 0.8% substrate, at 15 degrees ...

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a typical silicon (Si)-accumulating plant, but the mechanism responsible for the translocation from the root to the shoot is poorly understood. In this study, the form of Si in xylem sap was identified by (29)Si-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In rice (cv. Oochikara) cultured in ...

A global three-dimensional Lagrangian chemistry-transport model STOCHEM is used to describe the European regional acid deposition and ozone air quality impacts along the Atlantic Ocean seaboard of Europe, from the SO2, NOx, VOCs and CO emissions from international shipping under conditions appropriate to the year 2000. Model-derived total sulfur deposition ...

Schizophyllan having folate-appendages was synthesized from native schizophyllan through NaIO(4)-oxidation and the subsequent reductive amination in aqueous ammonia followed by amido-coupling with folic acid. The resulting folate-appended schizophyllan can form stable complex with poly(dA), show specific affinity toward folate binding protein, and mediate effective antisense activity in cancer cells.

The purpose of this study was to identify endogenous factors that induce gummosis and to show their role in gummosis in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L. cv. Apeldoorn) stems. Using procedures to detect endogenous factors that induce gum in the stem of tulips, jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) were ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether negative effects of methotrexate (mtx) on blood homocysteine (hmc) levels can be prevented with the replacement of folic acid. 42 female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied. Patients were separated into two groups according to their treatment status with mtx ...