When P388D macrophage cells were exposed to [14C]linoleic acid, phosphatidylcholine (PC) phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and triacylglycerol (TAG) were major labelled lipid classes. PC was the major labelled phospholipid class at shorter incubation times with PE and PI becoming proportionally better labelled with time. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) stimulated the labelling of ...

This study examined the influence of dietary copper status on the in vivo hepatic fatty acid synthesis and the incorporation of nascent fatty acids into various hepatic lipid classes. Fifty weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to two dietary treatments, copper deficient (5.4 nmol/g of diet) and copper adequate (102 ...

The previously unreported 27-methyl-5,9-octacosadienoic acid [1] and 26-methyl-5,9-octacosadienoic acid [2] were identified in the phospholipids of the Caribbean sponges Chondrosia remiformis and Myrmekioderma styx. Both sponges also contain the novel 15-methyl-5,9-hexadecadienoic acid [3] in their phospholipids. These results extend the possible chain lengths in delta 5,9 iso/anteiso fatty acids in ...

The 3-thia fatty acid tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) has recently been shown to inhibit growth rate and increase peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) (EC 1.3.99.3) activity in the Morris 7800 C1 hepatoma cells. Dexamethasone potentiates and insulin antagonizes these effects of TTA. We demonstrate here the metabolism of the 3-thia acids in ...

The phospholipid and the fatty chain compositions of diacyl, alkylacyl and alkenylacyl glycerophospholipids of the free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, were investigated. The phospholipids were comprised of 54.5% ethanolamine glycerophospholipid (EGP), 32.3% choline glycerophospholipid (CGP), 8.1% sphingomyelin and 5.1% others. The most abundant fatty acid in CGP was eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3). ...

The hepatopancreas and muscle of the prawn, Penaeus japonicus, were analyzed as to the phospholipid fatty acid composition. The most important lipids in the hepatopancreas are triglycerides and phospholipids, while the lipids in muscle are principally phospholipids and free cholesterol. Fatty acids such as palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1 ...

Most membrane receptors lose binding activity during purification and we studied the correlation between this event and differential solubilization of membrane lipids by detergents. Both 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate [Chaps; high critical micellar concentration (cmc) approximately 0.5%] and n-dodecyl beta-D-maltoside (DDM; low cmc approximately 0.009%) solubilized the 8-[3H]hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin ([3H]8-OH-DPAT)-binding serotonin 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1A-R) ...

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the assay of diacyl and plasmalogen (alk-1-enyl) phospholipid content and the determination of their fatty acid content from tissue homogenates is described. Myocardial phospholipids are rich in plasmalogens and have a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, including arachidonic acid, esterified in the sn-2 ...

Lipid monolayer studies were performed on a Langmuir trough in the absence and in the presence of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). The ABA-induced effects on the lipid monolayers can be summarized as follows: (i) ABA as the free acid (pH below 5.3) increased the molecular area and slightly ...

The compositions and physical states of the liver phospholipids of marine and freshwater fish adapted to relatively constant but radically different temperatures were investigated. Fish adapted to low temperature (5-10 degrees C) accumulated more unsaturated fatty acids than those in a warm (25-27 degrees C) environment. There were no measurable ...

We obtained from a phospholipid extract of wild-type Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii ANU843 methoxylated fatty acids that had been previously reported as constitutive unusual Rhizobium fatty acids. The use of deuterated reagents and subsequent gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses showed that these methoxylated fatty acid derivatives are the products of chemical ...

Intraalveolar fibrin formation is a hallmark of many acute and chronic lung inflammatory processes. We investigated the influence of fibrin polymerization on biochemical and biophysical properties of a calf lung surfactant extract (CLSE) used for therapy of neonatal distress syndrome. Thrombin-induced coagulation of human fibrinogen (range, 0.04 to 4 mg/ml) ...

The effects of cell age on erythrocyte phospholipid fatty-acid composition and deformability were examined in 20 healthy adults (11 male, 9 female) prior to and following 12 weeks of dietary supplementation with 3.5 g/day of safflower oil (high in n - 6 fatty acids) or fish oil (high in n ...

A 51 year old man with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia presented with a malabsorptive syndrome related to extensive small bowel lymphangiectasia caused by immunoglobulin accumulation. The patient's plasma had strong lupus anticoagulant activity and the IgM lambda paraprotein displayed specificity for the negatively charged phospholipids phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl inositol, as well ...

1. A modified Folch procedure [potassium (ethylenedinitrilo)-tetraacetic acid at pH 6 substituted for KCl] is suitable for the extraction of marine algae. 2. The quantitative 31P nuclear magnetic resonance phospholipid profiles of four marine algae, Gracilaria verrucosa, Bryothamnion triquetrum, Padina gymnospora, and Caulerpa sertularioides, were obtained from Folch and Nichols ...

The fatty acid compositions of Malpighian tubules from adult females of the mosquito Aedes aegypti were determined for total lipids, phospholipids, triacylglycerols and three phospholipid fractions, namely phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylserine (PI/PS). The prostaglandin precursor arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) occurred in total lipids and phospholipids, but not triacylglycerols. Within ...

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is the simplest natural phospholipid, primarily known as a membrane component and metabolic intermediate. However, a remarkable variety of biological effects of this compound have come to light, seemingly pointing to an additional role for LPA as a signalling molecule. In this review, Marcel Durieux and Kevin ...

The long-chain fatty acids (5E,9Z)-6-bromo-5,9-heptacosadienoic acid [2a], (5E,9Z)-6-bromo-5,9-octacosadienoic [3a], (Z)-19-heptacosenoic acid [4], and the novel aldehydes 17-pentacosenal [5] and 17-hexacosenal [6] were identified in the phospholipids (mainly phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine) of the sponge Petrosia sp. Structural elucidation was accomplished by means of mass spectrometry and chemical transformations, including deuteration with ...

Brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were isolated from prawn hepatopancreas by a procedure involving Mg2+ preparation. The lipid composition of hepatopancreatic BBMV (hBBMV) was examined by the Iatroscan TLC/FID technique, and the fatty acid profile of total lipids was determined by capillary gas chromatography. hBBMV were characterized by a high content ...

2H NMR spectroscopy was used to consider correspondence between existing single-crystal X-ray data for glycosphingolipids and their ceramide backbone conformation in fluid phospholipid membranes. A monoglycosylated sphingolipid, glucosylceramide (GlcCer), which represents the core structure of many important glycosphingolipids, was derived by partial synthesis through replacement of all native fatty acids ...

The effects of differentiation on the phospholipid and phospholipid fatty acid composition of N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells were determined. The cellular lipids were extracted on days 0, 3 and 7, following the addition of 1.2% dimethylsulfoxide to induce cellular differentiation. Proportions of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (EtnGpl), phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and sphingomyelin (CerPCho) were ...

The fatty acid compositions of the -choline and -inositol phospholipids of breast tumours of women undergoing surgery for treatment of breast disease (malignant n = 12; benign n = 10) and normal breast tissue of women undergoing breast reduction surgery (n = 6) were determined. The fatty acid compositions of ...

Determination of activities of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in human sera was based on the hydrolysis of phospholipids from [1-14C]oleic acid-labeled Escherichia coli biomembranes. The E. coli membranes served as substrate specifically for the PLA2 of human serum and were essentially resistant to other lipases in human sera, i.e., lipoprotein lipases, ...

The phospholipid and phospholipid fatty acid compositions of mixed murine spinal cord neuronal cultures are reported. The phospholipid composition was primarily comprised of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (44.8%) and choline glycerophospholipids (43.5%). Plasmalogens made up 29.1% of the ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (13.0% of the total phospholipids) and 4.5% of the choline glycerophospholipids (1.9% ...

We present a quantitative description of the molecular species composition of the major phospholipid classes in bloodstream and procyclic forms of Trypanosoma brucei. Phospholipid classes were resolved by 2-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. Diradylglycerols were released from individual phospholipid classes by phospholipases C, converted into benzoate derivatives and separated into diacyl, alkylacyl ...

Ungerminated ascospores of Dipodascopsis uninucleata contained 18 times more lipid (5.5 % dry wt) than germinated cells; the lipid comprised 58 % (w/w) glycolipids, 28 % (w/w) neutral lipids (mainly triacylglycerols)and 14 % (w/w) phospholipids (mainly phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine). During germination the absolute amounts of all three lipid fractions fell ...

31P NMR spectroscopy was used to compare the phosphorus compound content in aqueous, acidic, and organic extracts of Phaseolus vulgaris seeds. Two chloroform-methanol and three ethanol extractions were used to isolate phospholipids from dry cotyledons and the phospholipid profiles were compared. Variations in phospholipid composition and artificially high concentrations of ...

Monohydroxy derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA) can modulate inflammation and epidermal proliferation. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vivo distribution of the AA derivatives; 12- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE and 15-HETE) and the LA derivatives; 9- and ...

Aging of cattail (Typha latifolia L.) pollen was studied at 24[deg]C under conditions of 40 and 75% relative humidity (RH). The decline of viability coincides with increased leakage at imbibition; both processes develop much faster at the higher humidity condition. During aging phospholipids are deesterified and free fatty acids (FFAs) ...

The present study compared the effect of spontaneous hypertension and salt-loading on in vitro metabolism of 18:2n-6 (linoleic acid) and 20:3n-6 (dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid). Ten weanling spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and 10 normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) maintained on a rodent lab chow were given tap water with (n = 5) or ...

Brain membranes catalyze the acylation of lysophospholipids and diacylglycerols (DAG) to form the respective phospholipids and triacylglycerols (TAG). These acylation reactions were examined using brain plasma membrane-enriched fractions by measuring the incorporation of [14C]arachidonic acid into TAG and individual phospholipids under a variety of conditions. In the absence of added ...

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are features of obesity, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and other disorders. Skeletal muscle is a major site of insulin action, and insulin sensitivity may be related to the fatty-acid composition of the phospholipids within the muscle membranes involved in the action of insulin. METHODS: We determined ...

The fatty acid (FA) composition of human myotube primary cultures was varied by modifications of the contents of FA in the culture medium. An incubation time of 18 h with a defined FA mixture resulted in the most effective alteration of the original FA pattern of the cells. The increases ...

We examined whether modification of membrane phospholipids of human erythrocytes by hydrolysis with phospholipase A2 (PLA2 from bee venom) would affect glucose utilization, chosen as a typical model of intracellular metabolism, and, if so, intended to clarify the mechanism of the alteration of glycolysis. Treatment of erythrocytes with PLA2 induced ...

Deuterium-labeled glycosphingolipids, N-lignoceroyl[d47]galactosylceramide (24:0 fatty acid form) and N-stearoyl[d35]galactosylceramide (18:0 fatty acid form) were prepared by partial synthesis. These probe-labeled species, differing only in the lengths of their fatty acids, were compared via 2H NMR with regard to arrangement and behavior in bilayers of the monounsaturated phospholipid 1-stearoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (SOPC). Results ...

The effects were investigated of physical training and exercise on lipids of the erythrocyte membrane of healthy students. Membrane cholesterol and phospholipids were analysed simultaneously by thin-layer chromatography with a flame ionization detector and the fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. Physically trained students had similar physical characteristics ...

The fatty acid composition of plasma triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol esters have been studied during gemfibrozil (G)-induced lipid-lowering treatment in six patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Gemfibrozil caused significant plasma triglyceride reductions from 776 +/- 573 to 226 +/- 82 mg/dL (P < .001). Gemfibrozil therapy also caused significant changes in the ...

The perturbant effects of four Triton adjuvants, namely Triton X-15, X-35, X-100, and X-114 (alkyl aryl polyether alcohols), on some of the biochemical determinants of membrane integrity were determined under laboratory conditions. Two of these, Triton X-100 and X-114, are currently being assessed as emulsifiers for use in fenitrothion insecticidal ...

We studied the effects of glycine (2 mM) on hypoxia-induced changes in phospholipids and fatty acids in isolated rat proximal tubules. In this preparation, 25 min of hypoxia caused cell injury, as reflected by the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (13.1 +/- 0.8 vs. 43.5 +/- 3.2%; P < 0.01). ...

Lipid and glycogen reserves were found to decrease when the adult Trichuris globulosa was to starve by incubation in vitro. Changes in acylglycerols (AG), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), cholesterol (Chol), phospholipids (PL) and glycogen were observed. A marginal depletion in phospholipids was observed while NEFA, AG, Chol and glycogen were ...

To investigate the effect of lactate, pyruvate, and glucose on the endogenous levels of lipids in the normoxic, ischemic, and reperfused myocardium, isolated working rat hearts were exposed to various grades of ischemic insult (15, 30, or 45 minutes). Glucose was present as the basal substrate in the perfusion medium, ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of extracellular choline concentration on phospholipid production and handling by peritoneal mesothelial cells in vitro. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: Radiolabeled choline was used to monitor the formation of phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SPH), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) by rat and rabbit mesothelial cells as a function of concentration ...

Phospholipids from liver mitochondrial and microsomal membrane preparations were analyzed to further assess the effects of age and lifelong calorie restriction on membrane lipid composition. Results showed that the major phospholipid classes, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol and cardiolipin did not vary significantly with age or diet. The fatty acid ...

ROC-1 cells are a hybrid of C-6 rat glioma and rat oligodendroglia cells. Biochemically these cells resemble the oligodendroglia parent, but their lipid composition is unknown. The phospholipid composition in mole % was: cardiolipin, 1.0; phosphatidylglycerol, 1.2; ethanolamine glycerophospholipids, 27.6; phosphatidylinositol, 5.8; lysophosphatidylethanolamine, 0.8; phosphatidylserine, 5.6; choline glycerophospholipids, 43.7; sphingomyelin, ...

Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) preparations containing stacked monolayers of phospholipids or stearic acid were irradiated with UV light and the electric conductance perpendicular to the planes of the monolayers was measured. There was no observable change of conductance when LB preparations of stearic acid were irradiated. For LB preparations of phospholipids, a ...

Fast atom bombardment ionization with tandem mass spectrometry of both positive and negative ions is a useful technique for the identification of intact glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE) phospholipids, providing information as to polar head group and fatty acyl substituents. In the identification of GPE molecular species, positive ion neutral loss scanning for ...

Uptake and incorporation of long-chain fatty acids were studied in a human colorectal cancer cell line (HT29/219) grown in culture medium supplemented with either fetal calf serum (FCS) or horse serum (HS). The cells were grown for 120 h with no change of medium; the two major cellular lipid classes, ...

The effect of heat inactivation and freezing on fatty acid composition of plasma and red blood cells was investigated. Analysis was completed at baseline; after freezing; after incubation; after incubation and subsequent freezing; after incubation, freezing and a second incubation; and after freezing and subsequent incubation. There were changes in ...

Thirty-four premature infants who were appropriate for gestational age and weighing less than 1500 g at birth were fed "preemie" SMA-24 formula, "preemie" SMA-24 formula manufactured to contain C20 and C22 omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids (LCPE-SMA), or expressed milk (EBM). Blood samples were drawn from a small ...

1. Intoxication of rats with carbicron (O-([2-butenoic acid)-N,N-dimethylamide-3-yl]-O,O-dimethylphosphate) induced a reduction of the total phospholipids and phosphatidylcholine in lung alveolar surfactant. 2. The lipid transfer protein activity was inhibited due to carbicron treatment. 3. No alterations were observed in phospholipase A2 activity in the alveolar surfactant of intoxicated animals. The ...