Acyl chains linked to phospholipids of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are mainly C16:1 and C18:1 accompanied by minor amounts of C14:0, C16:0 and C18:0. In view of this rather simple fatty acid composition, the question arose whether in yeast, as in higher eukaryotes, fatty acyl groups were characteristically distributed among ...

Genetic hypertension has been proposed to be associated with impaired lipid metabolism. To investigate whether lipid metabolism is altered in young rats of the spontaneously hypertensive Okamoto strain (SHR), we have compared the phospholipid fatty acid content and metabolism in cultured heart myocytes and fibroblasts from SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto ...

The accumulation of the alarmone guanosine-3',5'-bispyrophosphate (ppGpp) in response to amino acid starvation or energy source depletion mediates the coordinate inhibition of macromolecular and membrane phospholipid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Accumulation of ppGpp triggered by the induced expression of either the relA gene or an unregulated, truncated relA gene that ...

Phospholipase D activation was studied in NG 108-15 cells after manipulation of the phospholipid fatty acid composition. Cultivation of cells in media containing different polyunsaturated fatty acids induced extensive and specific changes in the phospholipid fatty acid composition. General for all phospholipids was an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids at ...

The effects of lipid peroxidation on rabbit aortic endothelial cell phospholipid turnover was studied using linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LOOH). Following treatments with 20-40 microM LOOH, cells prelabeled with either arachidonic acid (20:4) or oleic acid (18:1) showed a movement of these fatty acids out of the phospholipids and into neutral ...

To shed light on the question whether the phospholipids present in chromatin are native or are due to contamination from nuclear membranes, we labeled the phospholipids of isolated nuclei and determined the amount of phospholipids (PL) and PL fatty acid composition in nuclei and chromatin. The hepatocyte nuclei were isolated ...

Recent data indicate that peripheral insulin sensitivity may be influenced by dietary fat quality and skeletal muscle phospholipid fatty acid composition. During a health survey of 70-year-old men insulin sensitivity was measured by the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique and the fatty acid composition of the serum cholesterol esters was determined ...

Fatty acid compositions were determined in red blood cell (RBC) ghost membranes of schizophrenic patients before and after haloperidol withdrawal, as well as with age-matched normal male control subjects (n = 22). Patients on haloperidol (HD) received treatment in doses between 5 and 20 mg/day for at least 5 weeks ...

The effect of high n - 3 (5.8%, w/w) vs. a low n - 3 (1.2%, w/w) fatty acids in a diet with a low ratio of polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids (P/S = 0.27) content was investigated to determine the effect of diet on the level of long- and very-long-chain fatty ...

Previous studies using phospholipid mixed vesicles have demonstrated that several types of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes exhibit different selectivity for fatty acids at the sn-2 position, for the type of chemical bond at the sn-1 position or for the phosphobase moiety at the sn-3 position of phospholipids. In the present ...

This study reports the biochemical separation of the hydrophobic constituents of calf lung surfactant into separate fractions from which specific components are excluded. Gel permeation chromatography on LH-20 with acidified chloroform-methanol separated the constituents of calf lung surfactant extract (CLSE) into fractions containing purified phospholipids (PPL), the neutral lipids and ...

The phospholipid fatty acid composition of the Caribbean sponge Amphimedon viridis was studied, revealing the presence of the previously unreported substances 5,13-nonadecadienoic acid, 4-nonadecenoic acid, and 15-heneicosenoic acid. In A. viridis the very long-chain 5,9,23-nonacosatrienoic acid and 5,9,23-tricosatrienoic acid predominated in the mixture. The fatty acid composition of the sponge ...

The effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on the structural and dynamic properties of the lipid matrix of rat liver microsomes and erythrocyte membranes was studied. The rate and range of the rotational mobility of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and 2-, 7-, and 12-(9-anthroyloxy)stearate probes in the native membranes and in lipid vesicles ...

WE have investigated changes in inositol phospholipid turnover and membrane arachidonic acid concentration in the dentate gyrus and frontal cortex of animals aged 3-6 months, 14 months or 22 months which were trained in the Morris water maze. Ageing was associated with poorer performances in the behavioural test, characterized by ...

The subclass composition of choline- and ethanolamine-containing phospholipids was determined by analysis of acyl-linked fatty acids released by base hydrolysis of diradylglycerobenzoates formed from lone star tick salivary gland diacyl, alkylacyl and alkenylacyl phospholipids. The diacyl subclass comprises 87% of all choline-containing phospholipids, while th alkylacyl subclass comprises c. 9% ...

The distribution of C14-C22 fatty acids in the phosphatidylethanolamines isolated from the sponges Agelas sp. and Spongia tampa was investigated. Selective changes with phospholipase A2 (from Agkistrodon halys blomhoffii) followed by thin-layer chromatographic separation of the resulting lysophosphatidylethanolamines and free fatty acids and subsequent methylation with HCl/MeOH and diazomethane, respectively, ...

The poor outcome in patients with extrahepatic cholestatic jaundice seems in some way related to reticuloendothelial dysfunction. Similar dysfunction can be caused by abnormal tissue phospholipid fatty acid patterns. Little is, however, known about such patterns in extrahepatic cholestatic jaundice. The phospholipid fatty acid patterns in 42 controls were compared ...

Sterols are not randomly distributed in membranes but appear to be localized in multiple kinetic domains. Factors that regulate these sterol domains are not well-understood. A recently developed fluorescence polarization assay that measures molecular sterol transfer [Butko, P., Hapala, I., Nemecz, G., of Schroeder, F. (1992) J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods ...

Analysis of phospholipid and their fatty acid composition of human intestinal mucosa was performed by an method elaborated to analyze the limited amount of sample with 2-dimensional TLC followed by lipid-phosphorus determination. Using this method, plasmenylethanolamine was detected in human intestinal mucosa and accounted for about 7% of phospholipid in ...

Liposomes were prepared from phospholipids extracted from liver mitochondria of the rat (Rattus norvegicus) and an agamid lizard, the bearded dragon (Amphibolurus vitticeps) and liposome proton conductance was measured at an imposed membrane potential of 160 mV as well as the fatty acid composition of the liposomes. Despite presumed changes ...

In the present experimental study phospholipid peroxidation after hypothermia and rewarming was investigated in isolated buffer-perfused rat hearts. Stable normotherm perfusion (37 degrees C) for 20 min was followed by cooling to 14 degrees C, 4 h perfusion at 14 degrees C, and rewarming to 37 degrees C followed by ...

The fatty acid compositions of the neutral lipid and phospholipid fractions of rat lymph node lymphocytes were characterized. Stimulation of rat lymphocytes with the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A resulted in significant changes in the fatty acid composition of both neutral lipids and phospholipids (a decrease in the proportions of stearic, ...

Fluorescent fatty acid labels have been incorporated into the palmitoylation sites of rhodopsin and used to probe the membrane accessibility and location of these sites. The fluorescence properties of anthroyloxy and pyrenyl fatty acids bound to rhodopsin were investigated in a reconstituted vesicle system. Collisional quenching of fluorescence by stearic ...

Recent evidence suggests that platelet-activating factor plays a role in ischemia-induced neural injury. The Pulsinelli-Brierley four-vessel occlusion model was used to study the effect of a synthetic platelet-activating factor antagonist, BN 50739, and its solvents, either dimethyl sulfoxide or hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Rats were subjected to either 30 min ...

Changes in the free fatty acid pool size and fatty acyl chain composition of mitochondrial membrane phospholipids and their relation to disruption of mitochondrial function were examined in rat brains after 30 min of cerebral ischemia (Pulsinelli-Brierley model) and 60 min of normoxic reoxygenation. During ischemia, significant hydrolysis of polyunsaturated ...

The compositions and physical states of the liver phospholipids of fish and phospholipids of shrimps adapted to relatively constant but radically different temperatures were investigated. There were no measurable differences in their gross fatty acid compositions of phospholipids from the species obtained from identical temperature. Saturated-to-unsaturated fatty acid ratio did ...

The micropig model of chronic alcoholism was used to study the relationship of lipid composition and physical properties in three different tissue membranes from the same animals. Ethanol feeding reduced membrane anisotropy, as measured with the diphenylhexatriene probe, in liver plasma and kidney brush-border membranes but not in jejunal brush-border ...

A comparative study on the lipid and fatty acid composition of the uninfected and GV-infected Plodia interpunctella larvae was performed. Higher levels of free fatty acids were found in GV-infected larvae compared to those of the uninfected larvae, while the latter had more triacylglycerol compared to the former. The known ...

For the development of liver injury during preservation for transplantation, phospholipid degradation may be of importance. We therefore measured the degradation of [3H]-arachidonic acid (20:4)- and [14C]-linoleic acid (18:2)-labeled phospholipids during cold and warm preservation of rat livers in Eurocollins, University of Wisconsin, or a recently developed dextran-based solution. The ...

In Rhizobium leguminosarum the nodABC and nod-FEL operons are involved in the production of lipooligosaccharide signals, which mediate host specificity. A nodE-determined highly unsaturated C18:4 fatty acid (trans-2,trans-4,trans-6,cis-11-octadecatetraenoic acid) is essential for the ability of the signals to induce nodule primordia (Spaink, H. P., Sheeley, D. M., van Brussel, A. ...

The effects of u.v. A radiations on phospholipid synthesis were studied in the N.C.T.C. 2544 human keratinocyte cell line, by using [14C]arachidonic acid, [14C]oleic acid or sodium [32P]orthophosphate as precursors. Cells were irradiated in Hanks' medium with 365 nm light at doses up to 19 J/cm2, and then phospholipid synthesis ...

The phospholipidic classes of the natural pulmonary surfactant Curosurf were separated by bidimensional TLC and isolated. Quantitative analysis of each class was made by colorimetric determination of phosphorus. FD/MS and NH3-CI/MS were used to identify individual components. GC was used for qualitative/quantitative analysis of fatty acid moieties as methyl esters, ...

We have developed a procedure for the microanalysis of the cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations and the fatty acid (including medium-chain fatty acids) composition of total lipid and phospholipid. One-milligram lipid samples were extracted from jejunal brush border membranes isolated from rats fed a diet containing 14% medium-chain triglycerides. The samples ...

This study focuses on the potential involvement of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) on the phospholipid and triglyceride fatty acid turnover in neurons. This category of enzymes, which has been identified in several rat brain tissues, is well known for its role in modulating cellular fatty acid oxidation. Neuronal cell cultures from ...

The incorporation and mobilization of [3H]arachidonic acid in lipids of human neuroblastoma cell lines, SK-N-SHF and LA-N-5, was studied. Essentially similar results were obtained with these two cell lines. Except for phosphatidylinositol which displayed the highest specific activity, the incorporation patterns within phospholipid classes tended to reflect phospholipid composition initially. ...

This study investigates the ability of lymphocytes to utilize fatty acids originating from triacylglycerols and the effect of triacylglycerols upon mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. Lymphocytes isolated from rat lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and lymphatic duct had a lipoprotein lipase activity of approx. 10 units/mg of protein, indicating that the fatty acids ...

In vivo-modified phospholipids from rat liver mitochondria were used to study the effect of trans-fatty acid incorporation into phospholipids on the steady-state fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) embedded in phospholipid liposomes. Pure fractions of mitochondria phospholipids were prepared and analyzed for their fatty acid compositions and fatty acid positional distribution. ...

The fatty acid compositions of phospholipids and triacylglycerols from selected orthognath spider tissues, scorpion body segments, whole millipedes, and whole labidognath spiders were determined. The major components were C16 and C18 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids as well as C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The eicosanoid precursor polyunsaturated fatty acids 20:4n-6 ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine if reduced heart lipid peroxidation in turkeys with two forms of dilated cardiomyopathy, previously reported, was related to an alteration in the lipid composition of the ventricle. METHODS: Myocardial lipid composition was measured in turkeys with two types of dilated cardiomyopathy. Twenty six turkeys ...

Fatty acids released from membrane phospholipids by cellular phospholipases or available to the cell from the extracellular environment are important cell signalling molecules. Fatty acids can act as second messengers involved in the transduction of external signals because their concentrations are rapidly and transiently altered in response to the binding ...

The ability of soybean lipoxygenases-1 and -2 to oxygenate biomembranes isolated from soybean seedlings has been investigated. Constituents of the lipid bilayer were analyzed by means of reversed phase and chiral phase high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, high performance thin layer chromatography and uv spectroscopy. Evidence is presented ...

In a sample of meningosarcoma, obtained at the time of surgery, the amount of total gangliosides and phospholipids was examined, together with the cholesterol content and the distribution of different ganglioside and phospholipid species. The phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylcholine fatty acid composition was also analyzed. The ganglioside pattern ...

Enzymatic step-wise methylation of membrane phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine (PME) and then phosphatidyl-choline (PC) has been known to alter membrane properties and responsiveness of cells for activation of receptors by chemical transmitters. Conversion of PE to PME and PME to PC in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) are catalyzed by ...

Optically active hydroperoxides of phospholipids including phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidic acid were synthesized, and their cytotoxicity to cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells was examined. Phospholipid hydroperoxides were readily incorporated into cells during the incubation in a medium containing each hydroperoxide. Phospholipids with a linoleic acid hydroperoxide residue showed ...

In this study we examined the effect of 50% distal small bowel resection (DSBR) on the lipid composition of rat colonic mucosa, including the fatty acid composition of major phospholipid classes, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and sphingomyelin (SM). Phospholipid, free cholesterol, triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, and cholesterol ester ...

The lipid composition of salivary glands from male and female lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum, was investigated at progressive stages of tick feeding. The amounts of fatty acids from both phospholipid and neutral lipid fractions increased dramatically during the initial stage of feeding and peaked in partially fed females weighing ...

The fatty acid composition of the outer membrane (outer sheath) of Treponema denticola is not known. This study examined the fatty acid profiles of the outer membranes of T. denticola ATCC strains 35405, 35404, 33521. Homogeneous outer membranes were prepared from the three strains of T. denticola. The fatty acids ...

The phospholipid and associated fatty acid compositions of the bacterial symbiont of clover, Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii wild-type ANU843, was analyzed by two-dimensional silica thin-layer chromatography, fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, flame-ionization detection gas-liquid chromatography and combined gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The phospholipid composition included phosphatidylethanolamine (15%), N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine (47%), N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine (9%), phosphatidylglycerol ...

5-Lipoxygenase has been recognized to be an important enzyme that catalyzes the first step in leukotriene production. In this study we examine whether or not phospholipids containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) affect 5-lipoxygenase activity of a rat basophilic leukemia cell line (RBL-1). Among the synthesized phospholipids examined, 1-oleoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1-oleoyl-2-DHA-PC) was found ...

Reperfusion of ischemic swine myocardium is associated with the loss of sarcolemmal phospholipids resulting in the accumulation of amphiphilic metabolites, lysophosphoglycerides and free fatty acids, especially arachidonic acid, causing electro-physiological dysfunction and cell death. Recently, phospholipids containing a vinyl ether bond at the Sn-1 position, commonly known as plasmalogens, have ...