In mammals, the surface tension of the fluid lining the inner lung greatly contributes to the work of breathing. Surface tension is modified by the secretion of a mixture of surface active lipids and proteins (termed pulmonary surfactant). A disaturated phospholipid (DSP), predominantly dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), can eliminate surface tension under ...

Phospholipids from livers of carps (Cyprinus carpio L.) adapted to winter (5 degrees C) and summer (25 degrees C) temperatures were isolated, and the fatty acid composition of total phospholipids, as well as molecular species composition of diacyl phosphatidylcholines and ethanolamines, were determined. Order parameter of 5-doxyl stearic acid and ...

Growth of Pseudomonas oleovorans GPo1, which contains the OCT plasmid, on octane results in changes in the membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition. These changes were not found for GPo12, an OCT-plasmid-cured variant of GPo1, during growth in the presence or absence of octane, implying the involvement of OCT-plasmid-encoded functions. When ...

The transfer of lipids across the placenta was measured after infusion of an emulsion of triacylglycerol and phospholipid (intralipid) into 10 anesthetized rabbits. Maternal and umbilical venous and arterial samples were collected at 10-min intervals. All samples were analyzed for concentration and fatty acid composition of FFA, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid ...

Intact human sperm incorporated radiolabelled fatty acids into membrane phospholipids when incubated in medium containing bovine serum albumin as a fatty acid carrier. The polyunsaturated fatty acids were preferentially incorporated into the plasmalogen fraction of phospholipid. Uptake was linear with time over 2 hr; at this time sufficient label was ...

Phospholipids were extracted from tissues (heart, skeletal muscle, kidney cortex, liver and brain) of mammals representing a 9,000-fold range in body mass (mouse, rat, rabbit, sheep and cattle) and their fatty acid composition was determined. In heart, skeletal muscle and kidney cortex, there were significant allometric decreases in the Unsaturation ...

The effect of phospholipids on cholesteryl ester hydrolysis by neutral cholesterol esterase in alveolar macrophages was studied. Among the phospholipids used as emulsifiers, those with a negative charge, such as phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, and cardiolipin, gave a higher level of hydrolysis by neutral cholesterol esterase than other less negatively ...

1. The time-course and comparative effects of treatment with clofibrate (CFB), bezafibrate (BFB), and gemfibrozil (GFB) on the acyl composition of the main microsomal phospholipids, i.e. phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, have been studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. 2. The administration of the three fibrates caused a strong peroxisomal induction and a ...

When rats were fed elaidic (trans-9 18:1) acid at a high load in diets that were otherwise marginally or almost completely deficient in linoleic (cis-9,cis-12 18:2) acid, elaidic acid was desaturated to cis-5,trans-9 18:2 acid. This polymethylene-interrupted acid was then incorporated into most phospholipids from rat mitochondria, cardiolipin being an ...

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is a necessary constituent of the culture media employed to foster the growth of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote forms. In different laboratories, the serum is used at final concentrations of 5 or 10%. We have normally supplemented the complex medium with 10% FBS. Under this condition we ...

Following nerve crush, cholesterol from degenerating myelin is conserved and reutilized for new myelin synthesis during nerve regeneration. The possibility that other myelin lipids are salvaged and reutilized has not been investigated previously. We examined the fate of myelin phospholipids and their fatty acyl moieties following nerve crush by electron ...

Alveolar surfactant consists of subfractions which are generated during normal lung function. Although subfractions obtained by differential centrifugation of lung lavage differ in structure, function and protein content, the phospholipid-pattern shows only minor differences. To correlate possible differences in composition between subfractions to their functional properties we did a more ...

The rate of movement of fatty acids (FA) across phospholipid bilayers is an important consideration for their mechanism of transport across cell membranes but has not yet been measured. When FA move undirectionally across phospholipid bilayers, the rapid movement of un-ionized FA compared to ionized FA results in transport of ...

Galactosyl ceramide (GalCer) was labeled for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy by replacement of a hydrogen atom at C6 of the galactose residue with deuterium. Wideline 2H NMR of [d1]GalCer permitted consideration of a mechanism traditionally entertained for cell surface recognition site modulation: that the nature of the fatty acid ...

Previously, we reported that the entrapment of suramin in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC, C16) multilamellar liposomes ranged from 25% to 65% and the addition of 30-50 mol% cholesterol (CHL) greatly reduced entrapment. Entrapment of small molecules similar to suramin, disodium 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid (5.5%) and sodium 3-amino-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid (1.2%), were very low. In ...

Fatty acid composition of the liver, brown fat, thigh muscle and heart of Sorex araneus and Neomys fodiens was determined by GLC and GLC-MS. In both species of shrew the total amounts of omega 3-PUFAs in the phospholipids were greater than those in the triglycerides. Sorex araneus, which feeds solely ...

The effects of produced ethanol and specific growth rate on the lipid content and composition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 2806 were studied using anaerobic chemostat cultures. The cells adapted to increased concentrations of produced ethanol by increasing the proportion of ergosterol at the expense of lanosterol, by increasing the proportion ...

Phospholipid fatty acid composition and bilirubin UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity from liver microsomal membrane were studied in normal and in bile duct ligated rats. Incubation of normal microsomes with 15 microM bilirubin (considered as physiological concentration) yielded 60% bilirubin diglucuronide; in 2 days post-cholestatic rats, they showed 20% bilirubin diglucuronide which was ...

In a previous study (S. Alugupalli, F. Portaels, and L. Larsson, J. Bacteriol. 176:2962-2969, 1994), we reported the occurrence of 21 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH-FAs) in the methanolysis products of different mycobacterial species. The present study was undertaken in order to chemically characterize the ester-linked complex native forms of these ...

The effect of a 82 MDa plasmid or its 25 MDa DNA fragment and growth temperature on the qualitative and the quantitative fatty acid and phospholipid composition of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis cells has been examined. In the cold, plasmid-containing and plasmid-free strains failed to differ appreciably in the contents of phospholipid ...

Ethanolamine is found in trypanosomes as an integral component of the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) and the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Steps in the utilization of ethanolamine could represent novel targets for the development of chemotherapeutic drugs and were therefore investigated in detail. Transport of [3H]ethanolamine was studied using structural ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the composition of esterified and free fatty acids in sera of women with normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancy. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aker Hospital, Oslo, Norway. SUBJECTS: Blood samples were taken from 510 healthy nulliparae at a gestational age of 17-19 weeks. Nineteen of these subsequently ...

The effect of calcium on the structural and functional aspects of phospholipids in Microsporum gypseum was examined. Cells grown in presence of calcium exhibited increased content of phospholipids and enhanced synthesis of phospholipids as monitored by the incorporation of [32P] orthophosphoric acid. The rise in the levels of phospholipids was ...

A negative ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric technique was developed for the analysis of glycerophospholipids. Examination of the product ion mass spectrum of the deprotonated molecular ion provided sufficient information to identify both the class of glycerophospholipid and the molecular weights of the two fatty acid moieties. This technique ...

The formation of phospholipid hydroperoxides was monitored in human red blood cell (RBC) membranes that had been peroxidized with an azo initiator. Peroxidation of RBC membranes caused a profound decrease in the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids and concomitantly hydroperoxides, as primary products of peroxidation, appeared in the phospholipids. Hydroperoxides ...

The role of maternal dietary fat in the regulation of fetal and newborn lung surfactant lipid synthesis has not been completely elucidated. Dietary fat can modulate cell membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition, resulting in altered membrane fluidity and affecting cellular functions, including binding to hormone receptors and the binding and ...

The effects of the storage temperature (-18 degrees C and -40 degrees C) and the addition of butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) on the different classes of lipids (phospholipids, triacylglycerides, free fatty acids, sterols and sterol esters plus waxes) and the fatty acid composition of minced (8 and 12 mm) and whole rayfish ...

In deuterium NMR spectra of phosphatidylethanolamine bilayers with an extremely high content of saturated fatty acids, each C1 deuteron of the glycerol backbone gave rise to a doublet [Yoshikawa et al., (1988) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 944, 321-328]. This suggests the presence of two backbone conformations, the exchange between which is ...

The mixing behavior of polymerizable diacetylenic phosphatidylcholine (1) with two diacetylenic phospholipids containing the iminodiacetic acid (IDA) functionality in the headgroup region was studied at the air-water interface. All three phospholipids contained tricosa-10,12-diynoyl acyl chains. In phospholipid 2, the choline group (-CH2-CH2-NMe3) was replaced by an -CH2-CH2-N-(CH2-COOH)2 functionality. In phospholipid ...

We have undertaken a detailed examination of changes associated with aging in lipid composition and corresponding physical properties of hindlimb skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes isolated from young (5 months), middle-aged (16 months), and old (28 months) Fischer strain 344 rats. Silica gel HPLC chromatography was used to separate phospholipid ...

The lipid and fatty acid composition of gills and lungs were studied in 18 fish species and seven mammalian species. Different relationships among individual phospholipids and different molar ratios between phospholipids and cholesterol (2:1 in fish and 3:1 in mammals) were found. Conformational analysis of the main phospholipid and cholesterol ...

The phospholipid fatty acid composition of the Calcarean sponge Leucosolenia canariensis was studied, and no delta 5,9 fatty acids were detected. These results are in contrast to the phospholipids from sponges belonging to the class Demospongiae where delta 5,9 fatty acids are predominant. Odd branched-chain fatty acids between 17 and ...

The effects of three unsaturated free fatty acids on Helicobacter pylori growth in vitro was determined. Growth of H. pylori in Brucella broth was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by arachidonic, linoleic and oleic acids. The degree of inhibition at any one concentration was related to the degree of fatty ...

We have identified and quantified the major species of arachidonate-containing phospholipids in proximal tubules by high performance liquid chromatographic and gas chromatographic analyses. Arachidonate was found to comprise 53% of the total mass of fatty acids esterified at the sn-2 position of ethanolamine phospholipids, and 51% of that amount resides ...

The effect of hypersaline stress on the lipid composition of the salt-tolerant yeast Candida membranefaciens was studied. Fatty acid analyses of the plasma membrane showed a growth phase- and dose-dependent increase in the level of linolenic acid (C18:3) in 1.35 M NaCl-stressed cells. Palmitoleic acid (C16:1) was completely undetectable at ...

15-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid, 15-HETrE, the 15-lipoxygenase product of dihomogammalinolenic acid (DGLA), can inhibit the biosynthesis of the proinflammatory eicosanoids leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the incorporation of [14C]15-HETrE in specific membrane phospholipids of cultured human keratinocytes in vitro. [14C]15-HETrE was ...

The phospholipid profile of different chick embryo brain regions was studied from 11 to 21 days of development, revealing interesting changes in content and distribution. Total phospholipid phosphorus (P), in micrograms of P per microgram of DNA, increases significantly during development of cerebral hemispheres (CHs), optic lobes (OLs), and brainstem ...

The use of lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) for the detection of superoxide (O2.-) has grown in popularity due to an increased demand for a simple and specific system capable of measuring superoxide. In this study we report a lucigenin-CL signal emanating from human saphenous veins (SV) that was not inhibited by ...

The mammalian erythrocyte is an ideal model for studies of membrane aging under conditions of storage. The present study describes the variations in the membrane lipid composition of three density groups (light, 1.110 < d < 1.125; intermediate, 1.125 < d < 1.130, and dense, 1.130 < d < 1.140) ...

The dye 10-N-nonyl-3,6-bis(dimethylamino)acridine (10-N-nonyl acridine orange) has been recently identified as a specific probe for cardiolipin (Ka = 2 x 10(6) M-1). It also interacts, at lower affinity (Ka = 7 x 10(4) M-1), with other acidic phospholipids [Petit, J. M., Maftah, A., Ratinaud, M. H. & Julien, R. (1992) ...

The lipophilic antioxidant 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT) and the structurally-related antiatherogenic drug probucol stimulate the oxygenation of mitochondrial membranes and erythrocyte ghosts by the rabbit 15-lipoxygenase as indicated by an increase in oxygen consumption as well as by an enhanced loss of polyenoic fatty acids and by the formation of specific lipoxygenase ...

Marked hypoalphalipoproteinemia was found together with relatively low serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and LDL levels in a triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI; D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ketol-isomerase, EC 5.3.1.1)-deficient Hungarian family, especially in the two compound-heterozygote brothers. Apart from a slight increase in palmitic and stearic acids together with a slight decrease in oleic and linoleic ...

Golden hamsters were exposed to 2 mg/m3 coal fly ash for 180 days. The exposure raised the phospholipid level in the tissue, whereas no such elevation was observed in the surfactant. Increased phospholipid in the tissue is thought to reflect the accumulated surfactant in type II cells. Fatty acid composition ...

The effect of a long-term adaptation of rainbow trout to 8 and 18 degrees C combined with a corn oil- or a fish oil-supplemented diet on the characteristics of the spermatozoan plasma membrane was investigated. The experiment lasted up to 22 mon during which spermatozoa were collected from the mature ...

Brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were isolated from prawn hepatopancreas as we previously described (Muriana et al (1993) J Biochem 113, 625-629). The characterization of hepatopancreatic BBMV (hBBMV) by monitoring the activity of marker enzymes indicated a relatively pure apical membrane preparation reduced in basolateral contamination. Phospholipid composition of hBBMV was ...

The cytotoxicity of the antineoplastic drug hexadecylphosphocholine (HePC) was determined in a human monocytic tumor cell line, THP1, and in primary cultures of rat mesangial cells. Both cell types were susceptible to HePC toxicity, the concentrations producing 50% inhibition of cell viability (LD50 values) being 7 micrograms/ml for THP1 cells ...

In order to evaluate whether acute changes in fatty acids bound to phospholipids in plasma are transmitted into red blood cell membrane (RBCM) phospholipids, molecular species of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were analyzed after reduction of apo B containing lipoproteins through low density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis in patients with ...

Plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition reflects, to a moderate degree, the fatty acid composition of the diet. To determine whether plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition might influence factor VII coagulant activity (factor VIIc), we examined 2207 middle-aged adults free of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Factor VIIc was associated positively with ...

Peroxisomes were isolated from liver tissue of control and clofibrate-treated adult male NMRI mice and Sprague-Dawley rats. Phospholipids, cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids were measured in the peroxisomes. The fatty acid profiles of the phosphatidylethanolamine, the phosphatidylcholine, the triglyceride and the free fatty acid fractions were also analyzed. Phosphatidylethanolamine ...

Sublethal atrazine concentrations induced a general inhibition on growth, photosynthesis, and dark respiration in the green alga Chlorella kessleri. 14C-protein hydrolysate indicated a maximum incorporation level by 5 microM atrazine after 48 hr. Progressive reduction in protein synthesis was associated with increasing herbicide concentration at all experimental periods. The herbicide ...