The present paper is intended for removing inconsistencies from available information concerning the interrelationhips of nitrogen (N) and amino acids in seeds (or grains). It consists of a critical survey of data reported in a series of papers by Mossé and collaborators (see Mossé and Huet, Sci. Aliments 1990, 10, ...

In 1988, Millward and Rivers reappraised existing metabolic models for amino acid requirements. The metabolic demand for amino acids was reviewed in relation to both obligatory metabolic consumption and adaptive pathways of amino acid oxidation. The obligatory demand pattern was deemed unknowable from first principles except that the level of ...

Acetobacter diazotrophicus is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that growth inside sugar cane plant tissue where the sucrose concentration is approximately 10%. The influence of high sugar content on nitrogenase was measured in the presence of oxygen and of nitrogen added in the form of ammonium and amino acids. In all parameters ...

Allantoin and allantoic acid are investigated in the faeces and tissues of the developing sixth instar larva of the moth, Orthaga exvinacea. The nitrogen excreted as allantoin and allantoic acid is compared with nitrogen excreted as uric acid and ammonia. The larva excretes 2.35-5.14 mumol/g allantoin and 0.74-1.34 mumol/g allantoic ...

Health effects of fermented milks have been associated with the metabolic activity of lactic acid bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. It has been proposed that an increased excretion of urea nitrogen via microbial protein may decrease the workload on kidneys and liver. Therefore, a study was carried out in healthy ...

In the catalytic reaction of serine proteases the basicity of a histidine and the nucleophilicity of a serine, both residues together with an aspartate residue belonging to the catalytic triad, are of great importance. The influence of amino acid substitution on the basicity and the fast nucleophilicity of these important ...

A gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium capable of utilizing L-asparagine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen was isolated from soil and identified as Enterobacter cloacae. An intracellularly expressed L-asparaginase was detected and it deaminated L-asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of a cell-free asparaginase reaction mixture ...

As the search for alternative sources of food to alleviate hunger continues, this study was undertaken to determine the biological value in growing rats (BV) of proteins of some lesser known tropical seeds gathered in Nigeria. Antinutritional factors (trypsin inhibitors, phytic acid, oxalate, tannin, alkaloids) and amino acid compositions were ...

The origin and evolution of photosynthesis is considered to be the key to the origin of life. This eliminates the need for a soup as the synthesis of the bioorganics are to come from the fixation of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. No soup then no RNA world or Protein world. ...

Amino acid infusions during general anesthesia induce thermogenesis and prevent postoperative hypothermia. The effects of increased heat production during anesthesia on postoperative nitrogen balance have not been examined. Therefore, we studied the effect of perioperative amino acid infusions on postoperative nitrogen excretion in 24 patients scheduled for hysterectomy. Seven volunteers ...

Studies were conducted to evaluate spent hen meal (SHM) produced in commercial rendering plants as a nutrient source in diets for broiler chickens. Utilizing previously determined nutrient composition values, including digestible amino acid and TMEn content, diets were formulated to include 0, 5, 10, and 15% of SHM from three ...

BACKGROUND: In individuals with cirrhosis the normal inhibiting effect of glucose on urea synthesis is lost, probably because of very high concentrations of glucagon. In agreement, glucose does not prevent the inducing effect of glucagon on urea synthesis in normal humans. In contrast, the sugar alcohol, xylitol, prevents the increasing ...

A pilot study was performed to examine the potential of stable isotope techniques for monitoring the impact of a harmful substance on the cellular nitrogen metabolism in the ciliate species Tetrahymena pyriformis. After identical cultivation periods of control cells and toluene-exposed cells in a defined culture medium enriched with [guanidino-15N2]l-arginine, ...

The purpose of this work was to clarify the essentiality of glucose production from amino acids in obese subjects undergoing prolonged starvation and to provide an explanation for death after the depletion of lean body mass when some body fat is still available to meet body energy requirements. Five obese ...

Inert gas narcosis is a neurological syndrome inducing several psychomotor disorders. Nitrogen narcosis represents the major cause of performances decrease concerning divers, in the depth range of 30 to 90 meters (0.3 to 0.9 MegaPascal). As narcosis affects motor functions, we chose to study the nigro-striatal dopaminergic pathway owing to ...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Stimulation of gallbladder contraction in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) may be beneficial in preventing cholestatic jaundice associated with TPN. Bolus intravenous administration of either amino acids or fat promotes gallbladder contraction in normal adult volunteers after a period of starvation. This phenomenon has not been investigated in ...

Oxidative damage by reactive nitrogen species has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases. The mechanisms of tissue damage are poorly understood, however, because the toxic intermediates are short-lived. Previous in vitro studies have suggested that 3-nitrotyrosine represents a specific marker of protein oxidation by reactive ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study was conducted in order to clarify the significance of using a branched chain amino acid-enriched solution on surgical patients, especially regarding the postoperative nitrogen balance as well as such intestinal functions as permeability and immunity. METHODOLOGY: Eight patients were prospectively and randomly divided into 2 groups. Consisting ...

Investigations on the nutrient requirements of Malassezia yeasts led to the preparation of a new minimal medium consisting of an amino nitrogen and a lipid source, which only allowed the growth of the species M. furfur. Carbohydrates, electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements were not required. Using the basal medium, a ...

Recent publications have indicated that the parenterally fed neonate has a substantial ability to hydroxylate phenylalanine. Examination of these data suggests that, at high phenylalanine intakes, estimated rates of hydroxylation exceed rates of intake. This implies significant net tissue breakdown. However, the quantitative validity of the estimates of phenylalanine hydroxylation ...

Amino acids were formed from carbon monoxide, nitrogen and water, which are possible constituents of the primitive earth's atmosphere, by irradiation with high energy particles (components of cosmic rays). Glycine yield was proportional to the total energy deposited to the gas mixture, and its G-value was as high as 0.02 ...

Ectomycorrhizal fungi are symbiotically associated microorganisms which ecological importance has been repeatedly demonstrated. There has been a considerable amount of research aimed at assessing the ability of ectomycorrhizal fungi and ectomycorrhizas to utilize organic nitrogen sources. The fate of soil proteins, peptides and amino acids has been studied from a ...

Prostaglandins of the E (PGE) series have long been considered "catabolic" hormones, but recent data suggest that they may be secreted in critically ill patients to counteract stress hormones, stimulating protein synthesis. Their use is under scrutiny to improve hepatic microcirculation and as cytoprotective agents. We tested the effects of ...

The mechanism of Co-C heterolysis of adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) is studied, specifically the effect of a positive charge produced by methylation (CH3+, a "sticky proton" analog of H+ addition) to the most basic adenine N1 nitrogen site in AdoCbl. This is accomplished by the synthesis, characterization and Co-C thermolysis in the ...

Biodegradable copolyesters of 3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (3HB-3HV) were produced by Alcaligenes eutrophus in a two-staged process, namely growth stage and nitrogen-deficient polyester-accumulation stage. When C5 was used as the sole carbon source, the copolyester contained 43 mol % of 3HV. A range of copolyesters with 0-43 mol % of 3HV could be ...

The production of the extracellular cellulolytic enzyme system (endoglucanase, exoglucanase and cellobiase) of N. catalinensis was tested with different nitrogen sources, inorganic and organic ones, in liquid culture medium with microcrystalline cellulose. The nitrogen compounds used were: potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulphate, ammonium chloride, ammonium ...

In man the major pathway for the disposal of waste nitrogen is the urea cycle; in inborn errors of this pathway, nitrogen flux is reduced. As a result there is accumulation of ammonia and glutamine with disordered metabolism of other amino acids. Nitrogen homeostasis can be restored in these patients ...

Biodegradable copolyesters of 3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (3HB-3HV) were produced byAlcaligenes eutrophus in a two-staged process, namely growth stage and nitrogen-deficient polyester-accumulation stage. When C(5) was used as the sole carbon source, the copolyester contained 43 mol % of 3HV. A range of copolyesters with 0-43 mol % of 3HV could be produced ...

The authors review ten essential amino acids with regard to their metabolic, physiologic and therapeutic effects throughout the human body. Physical properties of these biologically active compounds are discussed as a foundation for their diverse roles in special nitrogen containing products, neurotransmitters, and as alternative energy sources. Both normal and ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the pattern of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) use in US academic medical centers because TPN in adults may be associated with complications related to excessive glucose (dextrose) administration and a respiratory quotient greater than 1.0. DESIGN: Two surveys of the University HealthSystems Consortium (n = 106, 74 ...

Because feed intake is controlled in broiler breeders, amino acid supply is determined by the composition of the feed and the level of feed intake. Controlling amino acid supply during the laying cycle can be facilitated by the use of a model for calculating requirements. A possible model is outlined ...

Urea and plasma protein differ in natural 15N abundance up to 10%. The origin of this difference is the branched nitrogen metabolism in the liver. One main branch is the protein synthesis pathway, the other the urea synthesis pathway. By this branching 15N of precursor amino acids is depleted in ...

The large nemertean Parborlasia corrugatus is common in nearshore benthic marine habitats around Antarctica, where it is an important predator and scavenger. Oxygen consumption and nitrogen excretion rates in worms freshly sampled from the field were low but similar to those reported for other polar marine ectotherms. Nitrogen was excreted ...

Protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) is a key-factor in the characterisation of ruminant metabolism. Published data from the literature were collected and statistically analysed to isolate the factors influencing FSR. FSR varied largely depending on the tissue considered, over a range from 1 to 20. FSR, with the plasma as ...

Six non-amino acid nitrogen compounds were examined as nitrogen source for growth of Streptomyces hygroscopicus and biosynthesis of rapamycin. Of the nitrogen sources studied, ammonium sulfate was the best with respect to formation of rapamycin, and supported cell growth comparable to the organic nitrogen sources used in the control chemically ...

Phosphoramidate derivatives of the nucleoside analogue, 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro thymidine (d4T) have been prepared as potential membrane-soluble pro-drugs of the big-active free phosphate forms. In particular phenyl phosphates, linked via nitrogen to methyl-esterified amino acids, were studied. All compounds were fully characterised by a range of methods (high-field multinuclear NMR, mass spectrometry ...

When Lactococcus lactis was grown in various complex or synthetic media, the fermentation of glucose remained homolactic whatever the medium used, with a global carbon balance of about 87%. Moreover, the nitrogen balance was not equilibrated, indicating that some amino acids led to the production of unknown nitrogen-containing carbon compounds ...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate postprandial absorption of pea protein as well as exogenous nitrogen retention in humans. For this purpose, after fasting overnight, seven healthy adults (4 males and 3 females) ingested [15N]-labeled pea protein (195 mmol N). Ileal effluents were collected for 8 h ...

Two trials of identical experimental design were conducted to evaluate the NRC (1994) amino acid requirements for growing turkeys. Diets were formulated for 4-wk age intervals using intact ingredients and amino acid supplements to provide 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, and 120% of the suggested requirements. Formulation was ...

Six Holstein steers, 6 mo of age, with a BW range of 180 to 200 kg were used to determine effects of abomasal casein infusion and recombinant bovine somatotropin on amino acid absorption and metabolism in the gut and liver. Catheters were positioned in the hepatic vein, the hepatic portal ...

Plasma amino acids were measured in 17 postoperative subjects randomly assigned to receive for > or = 5 d tube feeding or total parenteral nutrition (TPN) that had identical energy, nitrogen, and glutamine contents. Subjects required gastric or pancreatic surgery for malignancy and were well-matched for age and body mass ...

Tyrosine may be a conditionally indispensable amino acid in the neonate; however, the provision of aromatic amino acids to neonates receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is complicated by the poor solubility of crystalline tyrosine. In the present study, we investigated tyrosine kinetics and requirements during TPN, when tyrosine was supplied ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of a total parenteral nutrition solution changing branch-chain amino acid concentrations and/or nitrogen supply on protein metabolism, length of stay, and mortality rate; and to evaluate the unique metabolic status of sepsis that leads to a search for specific total parenteral nutrition formulas. DESIGN: Prospective, ...

L-Arogenate is a commonplace amino acid in nature in consideration of its role as a ubiquitous precursor of L-phenylalanine and/or L-tyrosine. However, the questions of whether it serves as a chemoattractant molecule and whether it can serve as a substrate for catabolism have never been studied. We found that Pseudomonas ...

Urea, ammonium, and free amino acid contents were quantified in biological aging of a young wine under two flor film forming yeast strains, Saccharomyces cerevisiae race capensis and S. cerevisiae race bayanus, and compared. Cell viability in the film was different for the two yeast strains. Thus, capensis maintained a ...

Studies were conducted to quantify sulfur amino acid requirements of growing steers. In Exp. 1, six steers (160 kg) were used to determine the methionine requirement in the presence of excess L-Cys. Treatments were abomasal infusion of water only or water plus 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10g/d of L-Met. ...

OBJECTIVE: The effects of slow diurnal hemodialysis (slow HD) on amino acid losses and nitrogen balance were studied. DESIGN: Slow HD was conducted for 10 h during the day at the dialysate flow rate of 30 ml/min. The patients received total parenteral nutrition including 40 g of amino acids (6.08 ...

Lactulose is the most frequently utilized agent in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy because of its efficacy and the fact that it has few serious side effects. How this non-absorbable disaccharide works has been a matter of controversy, but evidence suggests that metabolism by the enteric flora is necessary for ...

As the search for alternative sources of food to alleviate hunger continues, this study was undertaken to determine nitrogen and amino acid content, chemical score, protein digestibility corrected amino acid score, available lysine and in vitro digestibility of 8 lesser known, wild tropical seeds, gathered in Nigeria. Results were contrasted ...

A reaction mechanism for the direct formation of 2'-deoxyoxanosine (dOxo) from 2'-deoxyguanosine (dGuo) by nitrous acid (HNO2) or nitric oxide (NO) was explored by using guanosine (Guo) and its methyl derivatives. HNO2 treatment of 1-methylguanosine (1-Me-Guo) indicated that the exocyclic amino nitrogen (N5) of dOxo originates from imino nitrogen (N1) ...