OBJECTIVE: To determine the best possible treatment for two brothers who had IDDM and bile acid malabsorption-associated disabling diarrhea that was resistant to cholestyramine, antibiotics, clonidine, loperamide, or anticholinergic drugs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Our study paired these two brothers with control subjects. Serum noncholesterol sterols and fecal elimination of ...

Effect of feeding red chilli on the levels of lipids, fecal bile acids and fecal sterols was studied in animals given 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). When the three experimental groups were compared with control, the levels of cholesterol increased while phospholipids and free fatty acids decreased or showed no alteration in most ...

This investigation was undertaken to study whether the risk to develop non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) among 50-year-old men during a 10-year follow-up period was related to the fatty acid composition of their serum cholesterol esters. There were highly significant differences in the initial health survey between the fatty acid composition ...

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) activities were determined in tissues from male neonate and juvenile miniature swine (Hormel-Hanford strain) at various ages. ODC activity was measured in liver, brain, kidney, pancreas, and spleen at one day and at 1, 4, 8, 12 and between 24 and 32 ...

Triglyceride synthesis by hepatocytes is currently thought to be the rate-limiting step for lipoprotein formation. In order to determine whether triglyceride and cholesteryl ester syntheses in hepatocytes are sensitive to physiological fluctuations of serum fatty acids, the fatty acid dependence of these pathways was examined. Uptake of various fatty acids ...

A determination of caloric consumption based on a dietary survey table, fat and cholesterol intake, and analyses of fecal fatty acids and neutral sterols, and bile acid analysis (gas chromatographic method) were conducted on 33 subjects (including 17 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 16 normal controls). The factors related to ...

We investigated the relationship between plasma cholestanol (5 alpha-dihydrocholesterol) concentrations and the activity and mRNA levels of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-controlling enzyme for bile acid synthesis, in three female sitosterolemic homozygotes. In this lipid storage disease, large amounts of plant sterols and cholestanol accumulate because of hyperabsorption and endogenous ...

The oyster cannot synthesize sterols from smaller molecules but must obtain them from its diet, which consists of detritus and small organisms, i.e., mostly single-celled algae. Algae differ widely in their effectiveness as oyster food. Small (< 5 microns) algae which are abundant in sterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids appear ...

27-Hydroxycholesterol was found in surprisingly high amounts in atherosclerotic human femoral arteries. When human macrophages were cultured in a medium containing serum, there was a significant transfer of 27-hydroxy-cholesterol and 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid from the cells into the medium. Sterol 27-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.15) is likely to be responsible for formation ...

To assess the relationship between cholesterol synthesis and feedback inhibition of bile acid synthesis, we studied seven normal human subjects taking three different doses of chenodiol, 0, 5, and 15 mg/kg per day: once while taking no lovastatin and again while taking lovastatin 80 mg/day. Lovastatin and both doses of ...

Chronic organic solvent vapor inhalation can cause permanent damage to the central nervous system. Clinical features and radiologic abnormalities are well known, but pathology has not been definitely established. This study describes the gross, microscopic and ultrastructural changes and fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters in the brain of two ...

The relationship between formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in red blood cells (RBC) after exposure to H2O2 and factors potentially able to modulate it was investigated by a multivariate analysis in 92 healthy volunteers. The independent covariates considered were: RBC membrane fatty acids and cholesterol, RBC antioxidant enzymes ...

Lymphatic transport of stearic acid, given as completely hydrogenated rapeseed oil (R10), 9 to 1 (R9) and 5 to 5 (R5) mixtures of R10, and soybean oil and completely hydrogenated tallow (T) was examined in the rat cannulated thoracic duct. R10, R9, R5, and T contained 91.4, 81.5, 46.5, and ...

We reported previously that dietary cholesterol produces hepatic steatosis, increased secretion of the VLDL, and hypertriglyceridemia in the rat, the result of reduced oxidation of fatty acids, stimulation of fatty acid synthesis, and increased incorporation of fatty acid into hepatic triglyceride. The present study was conducted to determine whether these ...

The effects of oleic and elaidic acid upon the in vitro intestinal uptake of cholesterol were studied in 9 weeks-old male and female rats. Elaidic acid increases the uptake of cholesterol when compared to oleic acid in both males and females. It is suggested that elaidic acid may enhance the ...

In order to define the source of cholesterol for bile acid synthesis and biliary cholesterol, hamsters with an extracorporeal bile duct received an intraperitoneal bolus of [3H]water labeling newly synthesized cholesterol. Thereafter the enterohepatic circulation was interrupted and a nutrient solution was infused during the experimental period of 78 h. ...

Plasma cholesterol ester and triglyceride fatty acid compositions of 38 singleton deliveries (23-42 wk), three twins (32, 39, and 40 wk), and their mothers were investigated. No gestational age-dependent changes occurred in maternal fatty acid compositions. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in fetal cholesterol esters and triglycerides were higher, and their ...

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction was studied for removal of lipids and cholesterol from dried chicken meat powder and chunks. Two combinations of pressure and temperature were used: 299 atm and 45 C, and 381 atm and 55 C, both providing a fluid density of .90 g/cm3. For a given ...

Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the bile acid synthesis pathway, is down-regulated by taurocholate by way of negative feedback control at the level of gene transcription. The molecular basis of regulation of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase by other hydrophobic bile salts and under more physiological conditions is not known. ...

The effect of dexamethasone on lipid composition of Epstein-Barr virus transformed human B lymphocytes have been investigated by 31P- and 1H-NMR spectroscopy and compared to the effects due to exogenous sphingosine treatment. Furthermore, the effects of dexamethasone and sphingosine on membrane structure was evaluated by fluorimetry. No significant changes were ...

Wideline 2H-NMR was used to consider the relationships amongst glycosphingolipid and phospholipid fatty acid chain length and glycosphingolipid receptor function, in a system classically associated with crypticity. Galactosyl ceramide (GalCer), having 18- or 24-carbon fatty acid, was deuterium labelled at the conformationally-restricted fatty acid alpha-carbon (C-2). 2H-NMR spectra of N-[2,2-2H2]stearoyl ...

Prompted by the reported hypolipidemic activity of garlic, the present study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism(s) underlying the cholesterol-lowering effects of garlic. Rat hepatocytes in primary culture were used to determine the short-term effects of garlic preparations on [1-14C]acetate and [2-3H]glycerol incorporation into cholesterol, fatty acids and glycerol lipids. ...

We reported previously that dietary cholesterol produces hypertriglyceridemia in the rat, accompanied by reduced oxidation and increased incorporation of exogenous fatty acid into hepatic triglyceride and increased secretion of very low density lipoprotein. We now report that dietary cholesterol also increases net hepatic fatty acid synthesis and the incorporation of ...

Derivatives of beta-cyclodextrin differing in the length of a hydroxyalkyl substituent (CH2CH2OH, CH2CHOHCH3, CH2CHOHCH2CH2CH2CH3) or in the electrical charge of the substituents (SO4-, CH2CHOHCH2N(CH3)3+) and hydroxypropyl derivatives (CH2CHOHCH3) of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin were compared, individually and in mixtures, as solubilizers of cholesterol. The most effective solubilizer proved to be ...

Recently we demonstrated that dietary fish oil (FO) causes changes in intrahepatic cholesterol transport and hypersecretion of cholesterol into bile in rats (J. Clin. Invest. 88: 943-951, 1991). We have now investigated in more detail the relationship between cholesterol and bile acid secretion in rats with chronic bile diversion fed ...

A new model to study cholesterol absorption in the rat intestinal cells is described. Rat intestine epithelial cells IRD98 were incubated with mixed micelles containing bile acid, phospholipid, cholesterol or its nonabsorbable analogue, sitosterol, and trace amounts of [3H]cholesterol or [14C]sitosterol. Cholesterol and sitosterol uptake was then determined following lipid ...

Proportions of unsaturated fatty acids of high density lipoprotein (HDL) lipids and their relationships to the HDL-cholesterol level were compared in hypo- and hyperalphalipoproteinemic subjects. Both groups did not differ in the level of serum cholesterol. However, hypoalphalipoproteinemia was associated with hypertriglyceridemia, higher HDL-triacylglycerol level, and higher proportion of HDL-18:1 ...

Oral administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) renders bile unsaturated with cholesterol by reducing the hepatic output of cholesterol. Theoretically, several mechanisms may be of importance. In the present overview, the effect of treatment with UDCA on hepatic cholesterol metabolism is evaluated, in particular the influence on hepatic cholesterol synthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl ...

Trans fatty acids are produced in the manufacture of margarine, and these hydrogenated fatty acids may have a deleterious effect on the reduction in fasting levels of serum cholesterol anticipated from the feeding of cis polyunsaturated fatty acids. We undertook this study in rats to test the effect of feeding ...

The synthesis of bile acids by primary hamster hepatocytes in culture has been studied. Measurable rates of bile acid synthesis were obtained from cells prepared from livers of animals fed 2% w/w cholestyramine to induce the synthesis of bile acids through the rate-limiting enzyme cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase. The effects of ...

Oxidative modification of membrane lipids by hypochlorous acid could be an important element in the mechanism of membrane disruption by activated neutrophils. We have previously shown that hypochlorous acid reacts with unsaturated fatty acids of membrane phospholipids to give fatty acid chlorohydrins (Winterbourn et al. 1992. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 296: ...

Lipids and fatty acid levels were studied in a family of known familial hypercholesterolaemia. The family members were age and sex matched with volunteers from the same village. Significantly elevated lipid levels (p < 0.001) were observed in the family members. Raised free cholesterol was predominant in members of the ...

BACKGROUND: To explore the sexual difference in the feedback regulation of hepatic bile acid synthesis, glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) was administered to 15 male and 14 female rabbits. METHODS: After bile diversion, GDCA equivalent to the hepatic bile acid influx was infused intraduodenally. Biliary cholic acid output represented bile acid synthesis. ...

Supersaturation and rapid nucleation of cholesterol in bile are of key importance in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones. While the effects of bile acids and phospholipids on cholesterol saturation of bile have been extensively studied, their influence on the cholesterol nucleation time has not been compared. We, therefore, investigated whether ...

The usefulness of various assays for the determination of phospholipid and cholesterol peroxidation in liposome formulations was studied on model liposomes prepared as small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) and multilamellar vesicles (MLV) from either native egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC), partially hydrogenated egg phosphatidylcholine (PHEPC) or fully hydrogenated egg phosphatidylcholine (HEPC) and cholesterol ...

Mixtures of model stratum corneum lipids were prepared in water from cholesterol, six fatty acids and ceramides. The influence of composition on the polymorphism of these mixtures and also on the diffusivity of a model drug within them, Dlip, was determined. The former was obtained from X-ray diffraction and Fourier ...

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-6 and the n-3 class show differing effects on serum lipids and hepatic lipoprotein metabolism, which could be induced by alterations in hepatocellular cholesterol balance. As both fatty acid classes exert parallel effects on lipoprotein uptake and synthesis of cholesterol in the liver, we ...

We investigated the serum fatty acid profiles of cholesterol esters, phospholipids and triglycerides in 24 patients with Friedreich's disease and 16 patients with other forms of spinocerebellar degeneration. In 8 patients with Friedreich's disease we also analyzed the fatty acid profile of the lipoprotein fractions. We found no major differences ...

Two groups of rabbits, either hyperresponsive or hyporesponsive to dietary cholesterol, were selected after ten weeks of cholesterol feeding (0.2 g cholesterol/kg body weight per day). Bile acids and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) production were determined in primary hepatocyte cultures from control, hyper- and hyporesponsive rabbits. Free cholesterol and ...

The role of bile acids in the regulation of cholesterol 7 alpha-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.17) was characterized using primary cultures of rat hepatocytes supplemented with dexamethasone and thyroxine. Taurocholate and taurodeoxycholate (50 microM) repressed cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase mRNA to 44 +/- 9 and 52 +/- 4%, respectively, of control values. Repression ...

PURPOSE: This study explores the order of assembly of the lens fiber cell plasma membrane. Because the lens must synthesize most of its membrane components, our approach was to map directly the spatial distribution of cholesterol, fatty acid (reflecting phospholipid), and the main intrinsic protein, MP26, synthesis in the lens ...

Reported dietary intake records of 30 subjects (26 men and 4 women) were analysed by three different centres using their own computerized nutrient database systems. The agreement between systems was evaluated by different statistical criteria (the correlation coefficient, the mean difference and the proportion of individuals placed in the same ...

The present study defines the origin of cholesterol subserving bile acid synthesis in male rats with an extracorporal bile duct by labeling newly formed cholesterol with tritiated water. Within 6 hr after interruption of the enterohepatic circulation, the bile acid pool was depleted. At this early time point the proportion ...

BACKGROUND: In humans, the patterns of cholesterol and bile acid biodynamics in the absence of the small intestine are not yet known. They are described in two parenterally fed patients several months after total enterectomy and bile diversion. METHODS: After an intravenous pulse of [3H]cholesterol, a long-term study involved the ...

SK&F 97426-A is a novel bile acid sequestrant which was selected for comparison with cholestyramine in vivo because of its superior in vitro bile acid binding properties. The effects of the two sequestrants on faecal bile acid excretion, plasma total cholesterol, VLDL + LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations ...

A mixture of dietary saturated fatty acids raises the serum total cholesterol concentrations compared with a diet of isoenergetic amounts of carbohydrates. Saturated fatty acids are not all equally hypercholesterolemic: stearic acid (18:0) and saturated fatty acids with < 12 carbon atoms are thought not to raise serum cholesterol concentrations. ...

The lipid composition and the fatty acid profile of the lipid fraction (phospholipid, triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol and cholesterol ester) of the caecum were studies 6 weeks after both 50% and 75% distal small bowel resection (DSBR). Triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesterol ester (CE) levels were decreased after resection but the total phospholipid ...

Biliary mucin was isolated from human hepatic bile, and its induced effects on the appearance time of cholesterol monohydrate crystals (nucleation time) and on the precipitation of calcium carbonate were studied in vitro to examine the possible significance of mucin for ductular gallstone formation. Mucin was isolated by gel filtration ...

The plasma trans-fatty acids of 47 patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease were compared with those of 56 reference subjects using high-resolution capillary column gas-liquid chromatography to test the hypothesis that trans-fatty acid intake is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Individual and total trans-fatty acids were higher in ...

Sulfur-substituted fatty acid analogues have been administered to rats fed a high carbohydrate diet, and the effect on plasma and hepatic lipid metabolism was investigated. Two of the analogues studied, 3-thiadicarboxylic acid and tetradecylthioacetic acid, reduced the plasma cholesterol level significantly, whereas the effect on plasma triacylglycerol level was only ...