This chapter is focused on the relatively recent investigations demonstrating a pharmacological and pathophysiological role for bFGF and PDGF in ulcerative and inflammatory lesions in the upper and lower GI tract. Our initial animal model experiment revealed a potent healing of chronic cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer in rats treated by intragastric ...

This in vitro study was designed to test the hypothesis that soluble dietary fibres can alter the process of intragastric lipid emulsification and possibly subsequent triacylglycerol lipolysis. Three guar gums, two pectins and gum arabic were dissolved in acidic gastric medium in the concentration range 0.3-2.0% (w/v). Viscosities of fibre ...

Pancreaticogastrostomy has been reintroduced as a useful alternative procedure to pancreaticojejunostomy after Whipple resection or pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy because of the very low incidence of leakage and disruption. In this study, gastric acid secretion, serum gastrin level, and 24-hr dual gastroduodenal pH after pancreaticogastrostomy were examined on the assumption that a ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The pathogenesis of gastric metaplasia (GM) in the duodenum is unclear. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect on the extent of GM of ulcer healing, Helicobacter pylori eradication, and acid suppression singly and in combination. The relationship between GM and gastroduodenal inflammation and ...

BACKGROUND: Gastric antisecretory agents may inhibit the synthesis or secretion of gastric mucin during acid suppression, which would interfere with mucosal protection and limit the efficacy of the agents. METHODS: Rats were dosed with famotidine, omeprazole, or buffer control for 4 weeks. Mucin synthesis, mucin histochemistry, mucin carbohydrate composition and ...

OBJECTIVES: Dyspeptic symptoms frequently recur rapidly after withdrawal of H2 antagonists, and this might be related to rebound acid hypersecretion. We have studied this phenomenon in healthy volunteers with and without Helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS: Basal and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) (40 pmol/kg/h) stimulated acid output, and gastrin concentration were measured ...

We describe a 2 1/2-yr-old Chinese boy who ingested potassium carbonate solution and presented with gastric outlet obstruction. He underwent successful antral resection. A severe fibroproliferative process of the antral submucosa obliterating the lumen was found to be the cause of this gastric outlet obstruction. To the best of our ...

Epidemiological evidence suggests that high dietary ascorbic acid reduces gastric cancer risk. It may do this by either reducing N-nitroso compound formation in gastric juice, or by scavenging reactive oxygen species in gastric mucosa. The aim of this study was to discover if potential ascorbic acid protection might be increased ...

Studies of gastric secretion were carried out on 14 subjects, some of whom had taken acid secretion inhibitors. In vitro studies were performed in an attempt to ascertain the effect of H+ and Na+ ions on conductivity. There is a strong correlation between intragastric pH and conductivity for pH < ...

Acid peptic disorders, including gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, are commonly occurring conditions with high direct and indirect costs. The pathogenesis of these disorders involves an imbalance between acid secretion and gastric mucosal defenses. Pharmacologic treatment of acid peptic disorders has focused on correcting this imbalance by ...

Helicobacter pylori affects gastric acid secretion via several mechanisms. One of these is by changing gastric regulatory physiology. The infection elevates plasma gastrin levels and decreases gastric mucosal expression of the inhibitory peptide somatostatin. These changes may be due to products of H. pylori itself or inflammatory cytokines released in ...

The previously accepted role of gastric acid hypersecretion in peptic ulcer disease has been modified by studies showing no correlation between acid output and clinical outcome of ulcer disease, or between ulcer recurrence rate after vagotomy and preoperative acid secretion. At the same time, studies have been unable to demonstrate ...

The anatomy and cellular composition of the digestive tract of decapod crustaceans is in many aspects considerably different from the vertebrate system. These differences include primarily the gastric mill and a sophisticated filter apparatus in the stomach and the hepatopancreatic tubule system with its bi-directional movement of fluids. Further differences ...

The association between the topographic distribution of Helicobacter pylori colonization, inflammation and atrophy of the gastric mucosa, and fasting gastric pH was studied in a population with high prevalence of multifocal atrophic gastritis. Increasing atrophy of the antrum was associated with decreasing H pylori colonization of the antrum itself, but ...

Liver cirrhosis impairs gastric mucosal resistance to luminal acid in humans and in animal models. Because we have previously shown that pentagastrin enhances defensive as well as aggressive factors implicated in mucosal injury, we examined the hypothesis that the pentagastrin-mediated enhancement of mucosal defense mechanisms may be impaired in cirrhotic ...

Human gastric interdigestive acid and bicarbonate outputs vary cyclically in association with the migrating motor complex (MMC). These phenomena were studied in 26 healthy volunteers by constant-flow gastric perfusion, with continuous recording of pH and Pco2 in mixed gastric effluent and concomitant open-tip manometry of gastroduodenal motility. Stable acid and ...

Proton pump inhibitors irreversibly inhibit the enzyme hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H(+)-K(+)-ATPase), which suppresses acid production in the parietal cell of the stomach. Omeprazole, the prototype proton pump inhibitor, has proved to be very effective. However, newer agents are being designed to provide even more potent acid suppression and longer-acting proton ...

The gastric epithelium is covered by a continuous layer of secreted mucus and bicarbonate. The function of this mucobicarbonate layer in terms of protecting the epithelial cells from luminal acid is controversial. Several studies conducted in vitro have shown that gastric mucus can slow proton diffusion and can enable the ...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: This report describes the use of an infrared electronic endoscope for the assessment of gastric mucosal and submucosal hemodynamics in ulcer scars. METHODS: The experimental ulcer scars were induced by acetic acid injection in five anesthetized dogs. Indices of mucosal hemoglobin content (IHb) and its oxygenation ...

To clarify the origin of the myofibroblasts appearing in the healing process of the acetic acid-induced ulcer and effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on these myofibroblasts, we conducted an immunohistochemical study using antibody to intermediate filaments, desmin and vimentin. The binding sites of bFGF on the regenerative tissues ...

Successful omeprazole therapy in patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux (GER) refractory to treatment with H2-receptor antagonists has often been reported. In contrast, successful treatment of GER by H2-receptor antagonists in patients resistant to the acid-suppressing effects of omeprazole is rarely reported. We describe two patients who demonstrated therapeutic responses to ...

1. The content and distribution of carbohydrate was examined in mucus glycopolypeptides from human antral mucosae. 2. The mean amount of carbohydrate per 1000 amino acid residues was found to be similar in glycopolypeptides with A, B or H activity. It was slightly, though significantly, less in glycopolypeptides lacking these ...

Helicobacter pylori is the new-found cause of duodenal ulcers (DU), but acid secretion remains necessary and is elevated in DU patients. My group and others have asked whether H. pylori itself alters gastric physiology. This infection has been found to decrease local expression of the inhibitory peptide somatostatin, and to ...

BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the effect of eradicating Helicobacter pylori on basal and bombesin-stimulated gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin in non-ulcer dyspepsia. METHODS: Before and 1 month after an attempt to eradicate H. pylori basal and bombesin-stimulated gastric acid outputs were measured in 23 patients. H. pylori was eradicated ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The mechanism by which Helicobacter pylori predisposes to duodenal ulcers (DUs) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the infection on acid secretion. METHODS: Acid output was examined basally and in response to gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and gastrin in healthy volunteers ...

Helicobacter pylori is uniquely adapted to survival in the strongly acidic gastric lumen. In vitro, both acid and certain acid suppressors affect bacterial growth. In vivo, there is little evidence that acid suppressors have any effect on bacterial survival. In contrast, decrease of acid secretion quickly leads to a spreading ...

Hapten-induced colitis is a widely used model for the study of the intestinal inflammation and for the testing of novel therapies. However, the hapten utilized in this model, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, is difficult to obtain in some countries. We therefore compared this hapten to two structurally related haptens to determine ...

Changes in gastric acid secretion and fasting gastrin levels (FGL) during the healing of duodenal ulcers were investigated. Duodenal ulcers were classified into three stages, with regard to healing, active, healing, and healed (scar). As controls, 49 individuals without gastro-duodenal lesions were used. We found that gastric acid secretion was ...

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has well-established angiogenic and ulcer healing actions. bFGF has also been found to induce neural regeneration in the central nervous system. Thus, the present study was undertaken to clarify the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on the regeneration of autonomic nerves in the granulation ...

The mechanisms mediating the anorexic effects of nutrients in the proximal and distal small intestine are not clearly understood. We determined the dose-dependent effects of duodenal and distal ileal infusions of glucose and oleic acid on meal patterns in ad libitum feeding rats. Rats with cannulas in both the duodenum ...

The full Feulgen hydrolysis profiles of healthy and malignant oral epithelial cells were compared by measuring the staining density of nuclei using microdensitometry after varying hydrolysis times. Malignant nuclei contained significantly increased levels of acid-labile DNA. The relative amounts of the rapidly hydrolysable fraction were compared after 5 min hydrolysis ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The immunologic reactivity of the gastric mucosa is poorly understood. The origin and dynamics of immunoglobulin A (IgA) occurring in the gastric lumen were investigated in healthy, Helicobacter pylori-negative volunteers. METHODS: Gastroduodenal manometric motility recordings were combined with gastric luminal perfusion, enabling calculation of gastric acid output and analysis ...

BACKGROUND: Peptic ulcers in the gastric tube replacing the resected esophagus develop silently and cause serious problems. In this study, the acidity of the gastric tube was examined by 24-hour pH monitoring to determine if the acidity of the gastric tube was sufficient to cause peptic ulcers. STUDY DESIGN: The ...

Monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDG) are major lipids in vegetable food. Their digestion and absorption are unknown. This study examines the hydrolysis of galactolipids in vitro with human duodenal contents, pancreatic juice, and purified human pancreatic lipases. Galactolipids were incubated with human duodenal contents, pancreatic juice, pure pancreatic ...

BACKGROUND: A polypectomy was performed on a 68-year-old woman who had three gastric hyperplastic polyps. A focal signet ring cell carcinoma was discovered in one of the polyps, which was 2.2 cm in diameter and was located in the antrum. METHODS: To study the carcinoma's phenotype expression, special mucin histochemical ...

Oral administration of Styrax camporum Pohl and Caesalpinia ferrea Martius stem extracts, atropine, and cimetidine, during 15 days, decreased the ulceration size, gastric secretion volume, and increased collagen fibre number of chronic ulcer induced by acetic acid in rats. The pH increased and the concentration of hydrochloric acid decreased after ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Helicobacter felis colonizes the gastric mucosa of rodents. Preliminary studies showed differences in the distribution of the organism in different parts of the stomach that seemed related to the secretory capacity of the mucosa. The aim of this study was to determine the localization of H. felis in the ...

We aimed to produce a unifying hypothesis to explain the different locations of peptic ulcer and gastritis observed in different populations. The pre-Helicobacter pylori literature on patterns of gastroduodenal disease was reviewed and compared with recent human and animal findings on H. pylori infection. Early observations revealed that duodenal and ...

To study the effects on gastric content and subjective well being of chewing gum in the immediate preoperative period, 60 female nonsmokers were randomized to use regular, sugar-free chewing gum preoperatively or to continue the overnight fast. In a similar fashion 44 habitual smokers were randomized to use nicotine gum ...

HLA-DRB1 allele typing was performed by the PCR-RFLP method on 59 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and 136 healthy controls. Phenotypic frequencies of HLA-B52 and DR2 were significantly increased among the UC patients, serologically. DNA typing of HLA-DRB1 revealed that the genotypic frequency of DRB1*1502 was higher in UC than in ...

BACKGROUND: Several reports have been presented concerning pronounced overgrowth of bacteria in gastric juices of patients treated with H2-receptor antagonists. However, there has been no report concerning influence of H2-receptor antagonists on jejunal flora. Thus, to investigate the influence and its effect on bile acid metabolism, this study was performed: ...

Before the discovery of Helicobacter pylori, duodenal ulcers were thought to be caused by excessive acid secretion. Duodenal ulcer patients have more parietal cells than controls. In addition, they cannot suppress their acid secretion when the gastric lumen is empty or acidic. These changes, plus an increase in the release ...

Anti-ulcerogenic activity of the methanolic extracts of 4 medicinal plants were studied in aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Their effects on the volume of gastric juice secreted, acid output, peptic activity, mucin activity and curative ratio were recorded. Bauhinia racemosa (flower buds) decreased the ulcer index significantly, and Moringa pterygosperma ...

The impairment of formation and maintenance of a formed fibrin clot contributes to the prolonged bleeding and high incidence of rebleeding in upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. To investigate the basis for the use of drug therapy in gastric bleeding, this study used thrombelastography to determine the effects of pharmacological manipulation of ...

A prospective study was performed to compare the contractility of the gall bladder ultrasonically after ingestion of a 65 g Mars bar or 60 ml of Calogen. Using a repeated measure design, 27 healthy subjects were studied fasting and at 10 min intervals after ingestion of the fatty meal. Results ...

Based on clinical studies, a negative association between Helicobacter pylori and autoimmune corpus gastritis is described. In the present investigation of an unselected population of 1461 adults we can state, however, that there exists a relationship between H. pylori infection and the development of gastric corpus autoimmunity. As confirmation for ...

Seventeen brands of antacid products available on the Kenya market were investigated for their acid neutralising capacity and sodium content. Thirteen tablet products gave neutralising capacity per tablet of between 4.7 to 14.12 mMol hydrochloric acid. The neutralising capacities for the suspensions ranged between 11.97 to 34.32 mMol hydrochloric acid ...

We studied the effect of single oral administration of ecabet sodium (ecabet), a gastroprotective agent, in combination with the histamine H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine on gastric acid secretion, mucosal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and experimentally induced acute hemorrhagic gastric lesions in rats. The effect repeated administration of ecabet in combination with ...

OBJECTIVE: Continuous intragastric pH monitoring was used in a large group of gastric ulcer patients to assess whether the 24-h acidity pattern varies in relation to the ulcer location within the stomach and to assess whether there is a circadian rhythm of pH fluctuations in this disease. METHODS: One hundred ...

Gastric acid is of central importance in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Pharmacological reduction of acid secretion is, therefore, the mainstay of current treatment, but the optimal degree of acid suppression remains incompletely understood. This paper considers the ideal ways of assessing and reporting ...