BACKGROUND: Antacids are generally thought to protect the gastric mucosa from damage primarily by their ability to neutralize hydrochloric acid, but recently other mechanisms of antacid cytoprotection have been suggested. The aim of our study was to determine if the antacid hydrotalcit (Mg6Al2(OH)16CO3 x 4H2O) and its clinical formulations Talcid ...

With reference to the traditional use of Cetraria islandica (Iceland moss) for relief of gastric and duodenal ulcer, plant extracts were screened for in vitro activity against Helicobacter pylori. (+)-Protolichesterinic acid, an aliphatic alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone, was identified as an active component. The MIC range of protolichesterinic acid, in free as well ...

Helicobacter pullorum, recently described as sp. nov., is commonly isolated from asymptomatic poultry. Two cases of human enteritis associated with H. pullorum, one of them in an immunocompromised patient, are reported. Problems in the correct species identification by means of phenotypic and genotypic methods are discussed and for the first ...

The 24 patients with gastric ulcer were treated ranitidine (2 x 150 mg daily) or nocloprost (2 x 200 micrograms daily). The effects of these drugs on the gastric juice components were measured. We evaluated hydrochloric acid, total protein, pepsin and some carbohydrates components secretion. We showed, that ranitidine decreased ...

Traditionally drugs used in peptic ulcer have been directed mainly against a single luminal damaging agent i.e. hydrochloric acid and a plethora of drugs like antacids, anticholinergics, histamine H2-antagonists etc. have flooded the market. An increase in 'aggressive' factors like acid and pepsin is found only in a minority of ...

A theory is advanced about the cause of pyloric stenosis of infancy (PS). Developmental changes will conspire to produce pathogenetic gastric hyperacidity within the first 4 weeks of life in babies who develop PS. The prime cause will be an increased gastric acidity due to a genetically determined supernormal parietal ...

BACKGROUND: The effect of commonly ingested alcoholic beverages on gastric acid output and release of gastrin in humans is unknown. AIM AND METHODS: In 16 healthy humans the effect of some commonly ingested alcoholic beverages produced by fermentation plus distillation (for example, whisky, cognac, calvados, armagnac, and rum) or by ...

The gastroprotective agent ecabet sodium (ecabet, 12-sulfodehydroabietic acid monosodium salt) increases the formation of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and I2 by gastric mucosa. In the present study, we examined the effect of ecabet on metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) in rat gastric mucosal cells. Ecabet (0.1-10 mM) concentration- and time-dependently potentiated ...

Tonometric measurement of an elevated intragastric Pco2 and a decreased calculated gastric intramucosal pH can be used to detect gastric mucosal ischemia, provided that intraluminal production of CO2 through acid buffering by bicarbonate is avoided by adequate acid secretion suppression. If the diffusion rate is known, steady state Pco2 can ...

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are targeted to the gastric acid pump, H+, K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). The drugs accumulate in the acid space of the parietal cell and convert to active sulfenamide by an acid-catalyzed reaction. Consequent covalent inhibition of H+, K(+)-ATPase blocks the final step of acid secretion, hence the ...

Tachykinins, colocalized with calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP) in sensory afferents, are involved in viscerosensitive responses. We investigated the role of tachykinins and CGRP in both nociceptive and visceromotor responses to inflammation. Visceral pain was assessed by abdominal muscle contractions. Gastric emptying was evaluated after gavage with reconstituted milk containing 51Cr-labeled ...

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the published data on lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the treatment of duodenal ulcer, erosive esophagitis, and pathologic hypersecretory conditions (e.g., Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). DATA SOURCES: Published data on lansoprazole identified by MEDLINE searches (1985-1996), as well as ...

With the use of a double-lumen catheter, nitric oxide (NO) was dialyzed across a Gore-Tex membrane into a gas phase and subsequently analyzed on-line by chemiluminescence. This new technique for the continuous measurement of NO was evaluated bench-side and applied in the human stomach in vivo to measure the nonenzymatic ...

A comparison of the antacid efficacy of magaldrate powder and its dosage forms on an equal weight basis by an in vitro technique revealed that: suspensions > chew tablets > powder. This was also evidenced by acid neutralizing capacity test USP XXIII, which also showed that riopan and rioplus suspensions ...

1. Primary afferent neurones releasing the vasodilator, calcitonin gene-related peptide, mediate the gastric hyperaemic response to acid back-diffusion. The tachykinins neurokinin A (NKA) and substance P (SP) are located in the same neurones and are co-released with calcitonin gene-related peptide. In this study we investigated the effect and possible role ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Basal (BAO) and maximum (PAO) hydrochloric acid output after Histalog stimulation, basal pepsinogen (SPL-B), at 60 (SPL-60) and at 90 minutes (SPL-90), and basal gastrin (BG) levels were measured and compared in different gastric (GU) and duodenal (DU) ulcer sites. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty nine patients with peptic ulcer ...

A study in dogs was performed in which a physiologic approach to delaying gastric emptying was examined. Triethanolamine myristate (a fatty acid salt) was used to delay gastric emptying in hopes of increasing the bioavailability of riboflavin. A bilayer tablet consisting of triethanolamine myristate and riboflavin resulted in an absolute ...

It has been shown that serum pepsinogen I levels are correlated with maximal acid outputs and can be used as an indicator for parietal cell mass. In this study, the effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on the relationship between serum pepsinogen I levels and maximal acid outputs was investigated in ...

BACKGROUND: Factors that determine gastric metaplasia in the duodenal bulb are ill defined. It is more common and extensive in the presence of high acid output and possibly in the presence of Helicobacter pylori. However, no quantitative relation between acid output and the extent of gastric metaplasia has been demonstrated ...

INCREASING INTRAGASTRIC PH: Effective treatment of acid-related disease requires an increase in intragastric pH. The two principal pharmacological methods of attaining this goal are (1) using histamine (H2)-receptor antagonists to block H2-receptors on the parietal cell and (2) using proton-pump inhibitors to stop acid production acid at its source. H2-RECEPTOR ...

H2-receptor antagonists have been the mainstay of treatment for acid-peptic disease for many years. These compounds have proved to be more effective than antacids and without relevant side effects. However, their primacy has recently been challenged. First, the discovery of Helicobacter pylori and its effects on peptic ulcer disease has ...

The effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors in the treatment of reflux esophagitis is undisputed. The same is true for the mechanism by which their beneficial effects are achieved and, that is, by potent suppression of gastric acid secretion. The underappreciated side of the story is not that potent acid suppression ...

The gastric mucosa is constantly exposed to conditions that would normally be damaging to living cells. A complex defensive system has evolved that involves multiple mechanisms arranged in a laminar fashion, that as a whole constitute the gastric mucosal barrier to acid. As antisecretory therapy becomes perfected, more attention has ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: As acid secretory activity fluctuates with the same rhythm as motor activity during the interdigestive period, we investigated the relationship between these two cyclic activities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a series of 9 normal subjects the interdigestive gastroduodenal motor activity and the intragastric pH were recorded after an overnight ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Recently, we postulated a new concept of duodenal ulcer pathogenesis suggesting that antral Helicobacter pylori infection blocks inhibitory pathways to the gastrin and parietal cells, resulting in an increased and prolonged postprandial acid secretion. the aim of this study was to examine duodenal acid load and duodenal ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Some carbohydrates escape small intestinal absorption, and their presence in the ileum can affect proximal gut motility. Carbohydrates reaching the colon can inhibit gastric and pancreatic secretions. The hypothesis of this study was that colonic fermentation products of carbohydrates (short-chain fatty acids [SCFAs]) affect proximal gut motility ...

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) produces many changes in gastric functional parameters, including the inhibition of gastric acid secretion and changes in mucosal blood flow. Exogenous 5-HT has also been shown to induce gastric erosion. The influence of adrenalectomy on experimental lesions in the rat gastric mucosa remains controversial. The aim of ...

This study measured fecal levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) relative to the severity of colitis in the cotton-top tamarin model of colitis and colon cancer. Severity of colitis was classified as mild, moderate, or severe by subjective scoring of colonic mucosal biopsies and quantification of inflammatory cell infiltrates in ...

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) should be suspected if a patient has severe peptic ulceration, ulcers and kidney stones, a family history of ulcers or endocrine diseases, watery diarrhoea or malabsorption with or without ulcers, or if hypergastrinaemia is found. Any patient in whom ZES is suspected, and certainly if diagnosed, should ...

BACKGROUND: Capsaicin protects the gastric mucosa against experimental injury while capsaicin desensitisation reduces the rate of gastric ulcer healing. The effect of exogenous capsaicin on gastric ulcer healing has not to date been reported. AIM/METHOD: To investigate the effect of capsaicin, cimetidine, and in combination, given intragastrically in the healing ...

OBJECTIVES: Despite years of successful use of calcium-containing antacids in acid-related disease, allegations of gastric rebound following their intake has brought these agents into disrepute. By assessing intragastric acidity over the 24-h period, we evaluated whether antacids induce a clinically relevant acid rebound. METHODS: Twelve healthy volunteers were assigned to ...

BACKGROUND: Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori growth by bile suggests that it should be difficult for H. pylori to colonize the duodenum and cause duodenal ulcer. To search for a common mechanism, we investigated the relationship between H. pylori strain (duodenal ulcer vs gastritis), type of bile acid conjugate, and inhibition ...

BACKGROUND: The role of acid in the pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced ulcers of the rat gastric antrum was studied by comparing the effects of pretreating animals with both long-acting (loxtidine, AH22216) and short-acting (ranitidine and cimetidine) inhibitors of acid secretion. RESULTS: Ranitidine and cimetidine were much weaker at inhibiting antral damage ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare an over-the-counter histamine2-receptor antagonist with an antacid as gastric acid reducers. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. SETTING: Gastric secretory research laboratory in a Veterans Affairs medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Eighteen healthy volunteers (10 men and 8 women) aged 25 to 62 years with normal gastric acid secretion ...

Acid inhibition increases gastric mucosal susceptibility to damage by luminal acid. This might be due to reduced metabolic CO2 and bicarbonate whereas, during normal acid, secretion cytoprotective CO2/HCO3- production parallels acid production. Metabolic activity and mucosal damage caused by luminal acid perfusion was determined in an in vitro mouse stomach, ...

Helicobacter pylori is the main cause of chronic gastritis in humans. Autoimmune mechanisms and Helicobacter heilmannii infection are other causes, both of which are of minor significance in a worldwide perspective. Atrophic gastritis is a quite common late consequence of H. pylori gastritis and will develop on a multifactorial basis, ...

There is good evidence to suggest that gastric metaplasia in the proximal duodenum and Helicobacter pylori gastritis are essential requirements for the development of duodenal ulceration in most cases. Gastric metaplasia is most likely to be a defence response or adaptation to excess acid reaching the duodenum. The appearance of ...

This study examined the role of oxygen-derived free radicals, the potential involvement of neutrophils and the possible mucosal vascular permeability changes involved in the pathogenesis and evolution of gastric mucosal lesions induced by acetic acid in the rat. Myeloperoxidase activity was assayed and used as an index of leukocyte infiltration. ...

A crude antioxidant preparation from fermented okara (NTX) was examined for its protection against the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer in water-immersed rats. The areas of gastric mucosal lesions as well as the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, prostaglandin E2 and hyaluronic acid in the gastric mucosa were measured in relation ...

OBJECTIVE: To identify the cause and mechanisms of injury in gastroesophageal ulcer disease in market weight swine. DESIGN: Comparison of mechanisms of injury caused by HCI with those caused by short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in gastric mucosa. ANIMALS: Pigs weighing 30 to 40 kg. PROCEDURE: Gastric tissues were studied ...

The influence of the calcium-channel blocker gallopamil on cold-restraint stress (CRS)-induced gastric effects was investigated in conscious rats with gastric cannula. CRS, while leading to multiple gastric lesions, reduced gastric acid output and mast cell count, but increased the gastric emptying rate of acid solutions. Intraperitoneally injected gallopamil (1 mg/kg), ...

Pregastric esterase (PGE) (EC 3.1.1.3) was purified to homogeneity from calf pharyngeal tissue. The enzyme had an apparent molecular mass of 50 kDa, as determined by SDS/PAGE. The serine-binding reagent diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate was a potent inhibitor of PGE. This is in accordance with the claim that a functional serine ...

Potential antioxidant properties of therapeutically achievable concentrations of the protonated, active form of omeprazole (OM) were investigated in vitro at specific acidic pH values to mimic intragastric conditions in the clinical setting. We found that OM is a powerful scavenger of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) even at a drug concentration of ...

In the 1970s, the identification of the histamine H2-receptor by Black and the subsequent development of histamine H2-receptor antagonists revolutionized our understanding and treatment of acid/peptic disorders. More recently, the identification of hydrogen-potassium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (H+/K(+)-ATPase) as the proton pump of the parietal cell and the recognition of the prominent ...

High dietary ascorbic acid intake appears to protect against gastric cancer. This may be due to its action as a scavenger of reactive radical species formed in the gastric mucosa, resulting in a reduced level of radical-mediated DNA damage. We have studied 82 patients, of whom 37 had Helicobacter pylori-associated ...

H. pylori acquisition is the main cause of chronic gastritis in humans. After acquisition, non-atrophic gastritis appears which develops with time into atrophic gastritis in approximately one third of infected subjects. Gastritis may affect the gastric antrum, both antrum and corpus or, occasionally, corpus alone. Acid secretion and local acidity ...

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been established as the new "gold standard" for traditional acid-inhibitory treatment of the so called "peptic" diseases. Due to the high antisecretory and ulcer-healing potency of omeprazole, no major improvements of the efficacy in ulcer healing and pain relief can be expected. Pantoprazole, as a ...

Systemic metabolic alkalosis and topical prostaglandins protect the gastric mucosa against luminal acid. This study investigates whether this protection is mediated by increased epithelial HCO3(-) secretion with resultant alkalization of the pre-epithelial mucus-HCO3(-) buffer layer. surface pH of chambered ex vivo rat gastric epithelium was measured with liquid sensor pH ...

This article suggests that cell lineages of defined phenotype arise within gastrointestinal epithelia exposed to acid hypersecretion-the ulcer-associated cell lineage (UACL), "gastric metaplasia" and that of Barrett's esophagus. Detailed study of both the histogenesis and secretory peptide phenotype of the UACL and gastric metaplasia reveal an origin from newly-formed ducts ...

We compared the bioavailability and the efficacy of omeprazole provided either as encapsulated enteric-coated granules or as enteric-coated granules delivered via a nasogastric tube in 10 healthy subjects. Omeprazole reduced mean pentagastrin-stimulated peak gastric acid secretion by 85.5% +/- 23.7% when delivered orally and by 79.6% +/- 32.1% when delivered ...