Comment on: Rosner M, et al. Amino Acids 2011; In press.

Dehydrocholic acid was identified as a selective streptavidin binder from a PNA-tagged library. Isothermal calorimetry titration measurements showed this interaction to be entropically driven. Peptides tagged with dehydrocholic acid can be captured on a streptavidin resin and released under thermal conditions.

Fatty acid composition of meat is becoming more important due to consumer demand for high quality and healthy foods. The present study evaluated the associations of five candidate genes (FABP4, FASN, NR1H3, GH and SCD) with fatty acid composition in Korean cattle (Hanwoo). The g.3691G > A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ...

In order to increase our knowledge about the distribution of vitamins in the mammalian brain, we have developed a highly specific antiserum directed against retinoic acid with good affinity (10(-8)M), as evaluated by ELISA tests. In the rat brain, no immunoreactive fibers containing retinoic acid were detected. Cell bodies containing ...

Hydrogenation of oils and diary products of ruminant animals leads to an increasing amount of trans fatty acids in the human diet. Trans fatty acids are incorporated in several lipids and accumulate in the membrane of cells. Here we systematically investigate whether the regulated intramembrane proteolysis of the amyloid precursor ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Whether Folic acid is a potential drug that may prevent the progression of colorectal carcinoma and when to use are important healthy issues we focus on. Our study is to examine the effect of folic acid on the development of the CRC and the optimal time folic acid ...

The distinctive nucleus of kainoid amino acids, (2S,3R)-(+)-2-carboxypyrrolidine-3-acetic acid 6, was synthesized by a chemoenzymatic process, exploiting the diastereomeric cis/trans methyl pyroglutamate derivatives 10a-c/11a-c as key intermediates. These mixtures, when subjected to a kinetic resolution mediated by α-chymotrypsin, reacted diastereo-, regio-, and enantioselectively to give the trans derivatives (+)-10a-c possessing ...

Remote F effect: Unprecedented hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of mono- and bis-substituted cyclopentadienes have been realized by an asymmetric binary-acid catalyst that synergistically combines a chiral phosphoric acid 1 h/InBr(3) with good periselectivity, high regioselectivity, and excellent stereoselectivity. Substituent mapping of the chiral phosphoric acid indicates a dramatic remote ortho-fluoro effect on the ...

The inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) by small molecules has been shown to increase the levels of fatty acid epoxides such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and decrease the levels of the corresponding fatty acid diols including dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). Due to numerous beneficial effects of EETs, the elevation of ...

The impact of chronic, intense exercise, such as in elite athletes, on phospholipids fatty acids (FA) composition has not been studied in women so far. This study aimed to investigate FA profiles in plasma and erythrocytes phospholipids in elite female water polo (N = 15) and football (N = 19) ...

Conjugated fatty acids are regularly found in nature and have a history of biogenic activity in animals and humans. A number of these conjugated fatty acids are microbially produced and have been associated with potent anti-carcinogenic, anti-adipogenic, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-diabetogenic activities. Therefore, the identification of novel conjugated fatty acids is ...

The novel three-component chiral derivatization protocols have been derived for 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopic discrimination of a series of chiral hydroxy acids by their coordination and self-assembly with optically active alpha-methylbenzylamine and 2-formylphenylboronic acid. In addition the optically pure (S)-mandelic acid in combination with 2-formylphenylboronic acid permits visualization of ...

The risk for colorectal cancer may be influenced by the dietary intake of various vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids. We conducted a pooled analysis of dietary data collected using food diaries in seven prospective studies in the United Kingdom Dietary Cohort Consortium. 565 cases of colorectal cancer were matched ...

Background:trans unsaturated fatty acids are thought to interfere with essential fatty acid metabolism. To extend our knowledge of this phenomenon, we investigated the relationship between trans isomeric and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) in mothers during pregnancy and in their infants at birth. Methods: Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte phosphatidylcholine ...

Objective-To investigate the effects of twice-daily oral administration of hydrocortisone on the bile acids composition of gallbladder bile in dogs. Animals-6 placebo-treated control dogs and 6 hydrocortisone-treated dogs. Procedures-Dogs received hydrocortisone (median dose, 8.5 mg/kg) or a gelatin capsule (control group) orally every 12 hours for 84 days. Gallbladder bile ...

A Mediterranean diet appears to have health benefits in many domains of human health, mediated perhaps by its anti-inflammatory effects. Metabolism of fatty acids and subsequent eicosanoid production is a key mechanism by which a Mediterranean diet can exert anti-inflammatory effects. Both dietary fatty acids and fatty acid metabolism determine ...

Coconut oil, the main product of coconut fruit, is richest source of glycerol and lauric acid and hence is called lauric oil. This paper reports the fatty acid profile of oil from 60 Talls, 14 dwarfs and 34 hybrids. Capillary gas chromatograph analysis of oil indicated wide variation for the ...

Sorting out: Protein engineering of lipase CAL-A led to the discovery of mutants with excellent chemoselectivity for the removal of trans and saturated fatty acids from partially hydrogenated vegetable oil. These fatty acids, identified as a major risk factor for human health, can now be removed by enzyme catalysis.

A chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed enantioselective bromocyclization of olefins is described. Various cis-, trans-, or trisubstituted γ-hydroxy-alkenes and γ-amino-alkenes can cyclize under the reaction conditions to give optically active 2-substituted tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydropyrroles in up to 91% ee.

Patients and models of cystic fibrosis (CF) exhibit consistent abnormalities of polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid composition, including decreased linoleate (LA) and docosahexaenoate (DHA) and variably increased arachidonate (AA), related in part to increased expression and activity of fatty acid desaturases. These abnormalities and the consequent CF-related pathologic manifestations can be ...

Perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) are manufactured surfactants found globally in the environment and in tissues of humans and wildlife. Several PFAAs adversely affect rodents and activation of PPARα is thought to be their mode of action. Our previous study demonstrated that some PFAAs activate mouse and human PPARα in transiently ...

A new C-6 flavone glycoside (6), together with seven known compounds, cryptochlorogenic acid (1), chlorogenic acid (2), 2-O-trans-caffeoylhydrocitric acid (3), isovitexin 7-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), 7,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxyflavone-6-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (7) and 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (8), were isolated from the aerial parts of Knautia arvensis. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including ...

Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) hairy roots were obtained by infecting Danshen leaves with Agrobacterium rhizogenes 9402. Besides rosmarinic acid (RA) and salvianolic acid B (SAB), the hairy root could also produce salvianolic acid K (SAK), salvianolic acid L, ethyl salvianolic acid B (ESAB), methyl salvianolic acid B (MSAB), and a ...

BACKGROUND: Clinical studies have demonstrated improvement of parenteral nutrition (PN)-associated liver disease (PNALD) with ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω3PUFA) supplementation containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Experiments were designed to test the following hypotheses: (1) therapeutic effects of ω3PUFA are due to attenuation of cellular apoptosis induced by ...

Objectives: Essential fatty acids are important for growth, development, and physiologic function. α-Linolenic acid and linoleic acid are the precursors of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid, respectively, and have traditionally been considered the essential fatty acids. However, the authors hypothesized that docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid can function as the essential ...

Three hydroxybenzoic acids: p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid and syringic acid; six hydroxycinnamic acids: p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and four ferulic acid derivatives and a flavonoid (apigenin) were identified and quantified in 34 accessions corresponding to 19 cultivars of wheat applying HPLC coupled to diode array detector. Considerable differences between the ...

We report a new thiourea-Brønsted acid cooperative catalytic system for the enantioselective cyanosilylation of aldehydes with yields up to 90% and ee´s up to 88%. The addition of an achiral acid was found to be crucial for high asymmetric induction. Mechanistic investigations using a combination of NMR, ESI-MS, and density ...

We present a liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for long-chain and very-long-chain fatty acid analysis, and its application to 13C-tracer studies of fatty acid metabolism. Fatty acids containing 14 to 36 carbon atoms are separated by C8 reversed-phase chromatography using a water-methanol gradient with tributylamine as ion pairing ...

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic data suggest that diet is a risk factor in the etiology of gastric cancer. However, the role of dietary fatty acids, a modifiable risk factor, remains relatively unexplored. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the association of plasma phospholipid fatty acid concentrations, as biomarkers of ...

Previously, we reported the structural requirements of the cinnamic acid relatives for inhibition of snake venom hemorrhagic action. In the present study, we examined the effect of benzenepolycarboxylic acids and substituted benzoic acids against Protobothropsflavoviridis venom-induced hemorrhage. Pyromellitic acid (1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid) was found to be a potent inhibitor of hemorrhage, ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of different types of bile acids on proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma and the potential molecular mechanisms. METHODS: PCR assay and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in mRNA and protein level. Immunohistochemical ...

The Δ6-desaturase, encoded by FADS2, plays a crucial role in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid synthesis. These fatty acids are essential components of the central nervous system, and act as precursors for eicosanoid signaling molecules and as direct modulators of gene expression. The polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB, or hnRNP ...

This study describes the vasorelaxant potential of some pure compounds isolated from Phlomis bracteosa L.: marrubiin, phlomeoic acid, and two new constituents labeled as RA and RB. In rat thoracic aortic rings denuded of endothelium, marrubiin, phlomeoic acid, RA, and RB caused relaxation of high K(+) (80 mM) and phenylephrine ...

Bile acids deactivate certain enzymes, such as prolyl endopeptidases (PEPs), which are investigated as candidates for protease-based therapy for celiac sprue. Deactivation by bile acids presents a problem for therapeutic enzymes targetted to function in the upper intestine. However, enzyme deactivation by bile acids is not a general phenomenon. Trypsin ...

Metabolic conversion of vitamin A (retinol) into retinoic acid (RA) controls numerous physiological processes. 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, is a high affinity ligand for retinoid X receptor (RXR) and also activates retinoic acid receptor (RAR). Despite the identification of candidate enzymes that produce 9cRA and ...

Objective: All-trans retinoic acid is a well-established topical treatment of photodamaged skin. This study assessed the tolerance and efficacy of all-trans retinoic acid after full-face treatment with a chemical peel. Design: This was a split-face, randomized study. One side of each face was treated with peel and the other side ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have cytotoxic action on glioma cells. RESULTS: We evaluated the cytotoxic action of GLA, AA and DHA on glioma cells with specific reference to the expression of miRNAs. Relative expression of miRNAs ...

AIMS: Much evidence indicates the association between dietary fat and colorectal cancer risk. However, most of the studies focus on polyunsaturated fatty acids, and little is known about the role of monounsaturated ones and their precise mechanism of action. Being store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) a Ca(2+) influx pathway involved in ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The major fatty acids in seed oil of jatropha, a biofuel crop, are palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2). High oleic acid and total oil content are desirable for jatropha breeding. Until now, little was known about the genetic bases of ...

Three ferulic acid esterases from the filamentous fungus Chrysosporium lucknowense C1 were purified and characterized. The enzymes were most active at neutral pH and temperatures up to 45°C. All enzymes released ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid from a soluble corn fibre fraction. Ferulic acid esterases FaeA1 and FaeA2 could also ...

The interaction of selected endotoxin preparations (lipid A from Erwinia carotovora and LPS Re and Ra from Salmonella enterica sv. Minnesota strains R595 and R60, respectively) with selected bile acids was investigated biophysically. Endotoxin aggregates were analyzed for their gel-to-liquid crystalline phase behavior, the type of their aggregates, the conformation ...

A highly enantioselective Friedländer condensation has been established by using chiral Brønsted acids in combination with achiral amines to give quinolines in high yields (up to 99%) and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 95%).

Ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole/ion mobility/orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight (<i>oa</i>-TOF) mass spectrometry (UPLC-IM-MS) was used to study the isomeric transformations of <i>trans</i>-5-caffeoylquinic acid, an extremely active compound present in multiple vegetables, fruits, and beverages. The UPLC/<i>oa</i>-TOF MS results proved that in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), plasma or urine ...

Retinoids are a class of compounds with structural similarity to vitamin A. These compounds inhibit the proliferation of many cancer cell lines but have had limited medical application as they are often toxic at therapeutic levels. Efforts to synthesize retinoids with a greater therapeutic index have met with limited success. ...

In the present study, we focus on the interactions between poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimer and eighteen of the twenty common amino acids by several NMR techniques including NMR titrations and NOESY analysis. Surface ionic interactions and interior encapsulations were observed and the binding behavior of amino acids with PPI dendrimer ...

To cite this article: Lumia M, Luukkainen P, Kaila M, Tapanainen H, Erkkola M, Uusitalo L, Niinistö S, Kenward MG, Ilonen J, Simell O, Knip M, Veijola R, Virtanen SM. Dietary fatty acid composition during pregnancy and the risk of asthma in the offspring. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; Doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01202.x ...

BACKGROUND: The formation of the spicules in siliceous sponges involves the formation of cylinder-like structures in the extraspicular space, composed of the enzyme silicatein and the calcium-dependent lectin. SCOPE OF REVIEW: Molecular cloning of the cDNAs (carotene dioxygenase, retinal dehydrogenase, and BMB-1 [bone morphogenic protein-1]) from the demosponge Suberites domuncula ...

A facile, highly stereo- and regioselective hydrometallation of alkynes generating alkenylmetal complex is disclosed for the first time from a reaction of alkyne, carboxylic acid and a zero valent group 10 transition metal complex M(PEt3)4 (M = Ni, Pd, Pt). A mechanistic study showed that the hydrometallation does not proceed ...

BACKGROUND: It is unclear from previous studies whether total or common subtypes of trans fatty acids are associated with fetal growth. OBJECTIVE: We examined associations of maternal trans fatty acid intake during pregnancy with fetal growth. DESIGN: We studied 1369 mother-child pairs participating in Project Viva-a prospective cohort study of ...

In the title 1/2 adduct, C(10)H(8)N(2)·2C(7)H(6)O(2)S, the dihedral angle between the pyridine rings is 18.41 (11)°. In the thio-phene-acrylic acid mol-ecules, the dihedral angles between the respective thio-phene and acrylic acid units are 5.52 (17)° and 23.92 (9)°. In the crystal, the components are linked via O-H⋯N hydrogen-bonding inter-actions, forming units of two ...