Disclosure and lying to mothers and fathers about different activities, as defined within social domain theory, were examined as a function of Latino family values in 109 Puerto Rican lower socioeconomic status middle adolescents (M=15.58 years, SD=1.18) living in the United States. Questionnaires revealed that teens sometimes disclosed to parents ...

Appropriate modulation of imitation according to social context is important for successful social interaction. In the present study we subliminally primed high-functioning adults with ASC and age- and IQ-matched controls with either a pro- or non- social attitude. Following priming, an automatic imitation paradigm was used to acquire an index ...

Drawing upon the literatures on beliefs about magical contagion and property transmission, we examined people's belief in a novel mechanism of human-to-human contagion, emotional residue. This is the lay belief that people's emotions leave traces in the physical environment, which can later influence others or be sensed by others. Studies ...

Alcohol-related cognitions, particularly expectancies for drinking and nondrinking and motives for nondrinking, are involved in the initiation, maintenance, and cessation of alcohol use and are hypothesized to play key roles in adolescent decision making. This study explored (a) the relationships between alcohol use expectancies, nondrinking expectancies, and nondrinking motives; (b) ...

The first aim of this study was to gain more insight into the bi-directionality between alcohol-specific parental factors (i.e., parents' alcohol use, alcohol availability at home, parental rule setting, and frequency and quality of communication about alcohol) and adolescents' alcohol intake and alcohol-related problems. The second aim was to examine ...

ABSTRACT. Objective: The association between the alcohol use of parents and their offspring is well established. However, little is known about the factors underlying, or mediating, this link. This study investigated whether drinking motives mediate the link between the drinking habits of parents and the frequency of their adolescent children's ...

Harm-minimization policies suggest that alcohol use is a part of normal adolescent development and that parents should supervise their children's use to encourage responsible drinking. Zero-tolerance policies suggest that all underage alcohol use should be discouraged. This article compared hypotheses derived from harm-minimization and zero-tolerance policies regarding the influence of ...

OBJECTIVE: This study explores how alcohol use is incorporated in the lives of young adolescents in the Netherlands. To this end, critical incidents involving alcohol use situations are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the consequences associated with alcohol use, the role of the parents, and the way adolescents evaluate ...

Opioid-coded neural circuits play a substantial role in how individuals respond to drugs of abuse. Most individuals begin using such drugs during adolescence and within a social context. Several studies indicate that adolescent mice exhibit a heightened sensitivity to the effects of morphine, a prototypical opiate drug, but it is ...

Impulsivity is a defining characteristic of adolescence. Compared to adults, for example, adolescents engage in higher rates of drug and alcohol experimentation, risky sexual practices, and criminal activity. Such behavior may reflect reduced sensitivity to long-term consequences of behavior during adolescence. Recently, our lab has attempted to refine mouse procedures ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore the direct and indirect effects of alcohol-related socialization factors and cognitive factors on adolescent alcohol use in a country with a low prevalence of drinking. METHODS: Data were obtained from the 2006 phase of the Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-term ...

This study investigated the role of parental diagnosis of alcohol abuse/dependence and perceived family norms for adolescent drinking on alcohol use and alcohol-related problems among urban American Indian youth. A total of 251 urban, American Indian youth and their parents/caregivers were followed from ages 13 to 18. Perceived family norms ...

Social behavior is a defining mammalian feature that integrates emotional and motivational processes with external rewarding stimuli. It is thus an appropriate readout for complex behaviors, yet its neuronal and molecular bases remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of the mouse prefrontal area, particularly the involvement ...

Affiliation with deviant peers is a correlate of adolescent alcohol use; however, the mechanism accounting for this association remains unclear, particularly with respect to initiation of alcohol use in early adolescence. This prospective study examines perceived peer attitudes and use as a mediator between peer delinquency and initiation of alcohol ...

Alcohol is frequently a factor affecting emergency department patients, and alcohol consumption is more common among those who are injured. In Korea, the socioeconomic impact of alcohol has been enormous because of traditional permissive attitudes toward alcohol. Juvenile drinking has increased recently; consequently, an increase in alcohol-related injuries is likely ...

PURPOSE: Understanding the impact of childhood cancer on the family is increasingly important. This study aimed to (1) examine the relationship between child clinical characteristics and health-related quality of life (QOL) among parents of children with cancer or brain tumors, and (2) determine how parental psychosocial factors impact this relationship. ...

Receiving the diagnosis of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) can be emotionally difficult and confusing for young girls and their families. Parents need assistance in knowing how to help their daughters understand and live with the diagnosis in a way that allows for healthy growth and development. This paper provides a ...

We tested whether the number and type of alcohol abuse symptoms were associated with an increased likelihood of treatment seeking among respondents with alcohol dependence. Data from 4027 adult respondents from 2006 and 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) who met DSM-IV criteria for the past year ...

Alcohol dependence remains among the most common substance abuse problems worldwide, and compulsive alcohol consumption is a significant public health concern. Alcohol is an addictive drug that alters brain function through interactions with multiple neurotransmitter systems. These neurotransmitter systems mediate the reinforcing effects of alcohol. Specifically, the serotonergic system is ...

During the mid-1960s a few Catholic journals and individuals advised that a more active role should be taken in defeating abortion reform. In 1967 the National Conference of Catholic Bishops selected James Thomas McHugh, administrator of the United States Catholic Conference’s Family Life Bureau, to guide its National Right to ...

Alcohol abuse is the single greatest public health hazard on American college and university campuses, but the culture of abusive alcohol consumption continues to be highly resistant to change. The author argues that secondhand smoke campaigns can be used as models to change the culture of alcohol abuse on campus. ...

This study investigated personal and social processes of adjustment at different stages of illness for individuals with brain tumour. A purposive sample of 18 participants with mixed tumour types (9 benign and 9 malignant) and 15 family caregivers was recruited from a neurosurgical practice and a brain tumour support service. ...

Environmental factors are involved to various degrees in psychiatric diseases. Unfortunately, early-life manipulations have been rarely investigated in mice. Interestingly, given the advances in genetics, combination of environmental and genetic factors to get construct validity is now possible. Herein, spontaneous activity, anxiety-like behaviour, social behaviour and short term spatial working ...

Objectives  This study aimed to investigate post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in childhood brain tumour survivors and their parents. A further aim was to explore the relationship between objective illness parameters, parent-child interactions, coping styles and PTSS. Methods  A cross-sectional correlational design was employed. Fifty-two childhood brain tumour survivors, aged 8-16, ...

Background:  Early adolescence is a critical time for the development of both internalizing and externalizing disorders. We aimed to investigate whether pituitary volume, an index of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, represents a vulnerability factor for the emergence of internalizing and externalizing symptoms during adolescence using a prospective, longitudinal design. Methods:  ...

Alcohol-specific parent-child communication has often been studied in relation to regular alcohol use of adolescents. However, it might be as important to focus on adolescent problematic alcohol use. In addition, the way parents communicate with their children about alcohol might depend on their own (problematic) drinking behaviors. Therefore, the current ...

We present a rare case of disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent child who relapsed after treatment with amphotericin B followed by itraconazole and was successfully treated with voriconazole.

Humans with mosaic karyotypes may present with milder forms of birth defects than one would see in non-mosaic individuals. Mosaicism may also affect tissues, resulting in different parts of an organ manifesting varied phenotypes. We present the case of a child born with mosaic trisomy 9 and multiple congenital anomalies. ...

We report a rare case of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 from India. The diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of gene mutation analysis. The child had intense pruritus refractory to conventional medical management. As liver biopsy did not reveal any cirrhosis, partial external biliary diversion was considered as ...

We report on the first case of a child with a de novo 7q terminal deletion [46,XX,del(7)(q35 → qter)] presenting esophageal stenosis. This cytogenetic abnormality was confirmed by FISH, using subtelomeric probes, and by a whole-genome array-CGH assay. The child also had phenotypic features previously described in patients with a ...

This case report describes for the first time a late dislocation of an abandoned transvenous ventricular pacemaker (PM) lead in a child. Further management of this complication and the importance for follow-up of PM leads are discussed.

The most common etiologies for acute infectious airway obstruction include epiglottitis, croup, and bacterial tracheitis. We present a unique cause of upper airway obstruction in a child not previously described. To our knowledge this is the first case in the literature of membranous laryngitis in a child due to Methicillin-resistant ...

Neurological findings in a three-year-old child with meroacrania provide new insights into how the nervous system develops and functions in the absence of superior levels of control from the time of origin. The girl is the first child of a non-consanguineous white Brazilian couple, born at term, weighing 2650 g ...

Alcoholic beverage consumption among high school students has shifted from beer to liquor. The current longitudinal study examined the effects of beverage-specific alcohol use on drinking behaviors among urban youth. Data included 731 adolescents who participated in Project Northland Chicago and reported consuming alcohol in 7th grade. Logistic regression tested ...

A 3-year-old boy presented with iso-sexual precocious puberty for 18 months. Radiological images revealed left suprarenal mass and hormonal profile showed markedly increased testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate. The child underwent open adrenalectomy and histopathology revealed adrenocortical carcinoma. At 3 months follow-up, the child is doing well.

A total of 7488 7th-12th grade African-American students completed a survey assessing factors associated with recent alcohol use. Results indicated that 13.6% used alcohol in the past month. A series of odds ratios revealed that making good grades, participating in school activities, attending church, and having parents/teachers talk about the ...

Environments in which the pharmacological effects of alcohol have been experienced become potent triggers for relapse in abstinent humans. Animal models developed to study the effect of environmental contexts on relapse to alcohol-seeking behavior demonstrate that alcohol-seeking is renewed by exposure to an alcohol-associated context, following the extinction of alcohol-seeking ...

We report the untypical clinical course of a previously healthy two-year-old girl, who died suddenly and unexpectedly after an episode of vomiting. At forensic autopsy no other pathological findings could be diagnosed than multiple reddish, sunken areas in brain stem, mesencephalon, and pons. Histologically they presented as areas of spongiosis ...

Talar extrusion in a 13-year-old child was treated by means of open reduction and 10 weeks of cast immobilization. At 1.5 years of follow-up, the patient had full range of motion in the ankle and no signs of avascular necrosis or arthritis.

We report a case of transient hepatic attenuation difference (THAD) in a child caused by iliac vein anomaly. Iliac vein anomaly as a cause for THAD in a child is extremely rare.

Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis is a rare but increasingly recognized disorder characterized by diffuse thickening of the dura mater of unknown etiology. The inflammation usually involves the cranial or spinal dura mater, with resultant neurologic deficits. Although it is reported primarily in adults, there is one previous report describing the condition ...

Nonaccidental trauma is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. We describe a case of a child who presented with intraperitoneal bladder rupture after sustaining blunt abdominal trauma. As per confession, the injury was apparently the result of the child being forcibly pulled into her caretaker's knee while ...

Sarcoidosis in children can present with extra-pulmonary manifestations, making diagnosis difficult. We describe a case of sarcoidosis in a child, presenting as a Guillain-Barré-like illness with the incidental finding of a perihilar mass. We also report the first successful use of the minimally invasive technique of Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle ...

Lacquer thinner, commonly used for removing household paints is known to contain mixture of various arometic hydrocarbons; halogenated hydrocarbons and naptha, if ingested may rarely cause methemoglobinemia. We report a 3 year old child who presented to us with history of accidental ingestion of thinner, used for removing household paint. ...

Recurrent spontaneous cutaneous bruising or bleeding through intact skin may be due to underlying emotional stress which may be due to auto-erythrocyte sensitisation. A 9-year-old female child presented with recurrent episodes of oozing from the skin of both lower eyelids and lower peri-orbital areas along with bleeding from tongue which ...

Intrapericardial tumours can cause cardiac compromise either from pericardial effusion producing cardiac tamponade or from the mass obstructing the outflow from the heart or both. Respiratory embarrassment may also be present if the mass compresses the trachea or the main stem bronchus. A 1-month-old child presented in the emergency needing ...

A case of pleuropulmonary blastoma in a 13-year-old child, exposed to the Chernobyl disaster while in-utero, is presented and discussed by both clinician and pathologist, in this traditional clinical-pathologic conference. The discussion includes the differential diagnoses of chest mass in children.

Shunt failure is commonly associated with infection or mechanical obstruction of the shunt system. The presence of eosinophilia in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been associated with CSF shunt failure and may be related to both latex and shunt allergies. The authors describe the case of a child with a ...

To describe the first case of anterior segment dysgenesis associated with factor VII congenital deficit (hypoproconvertinemia). A 2-month-old child with factor VII deficiency was referred to our clinic because of corneal opacities. The child was born to consanguineous parents and severe factor VII deficiency was diagnosed on the third day ...

The authors report their experience in successfully treating a 15-week-old child who became comatose following a spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. It was initially believed that a tumor in the right frontal lobe caused the hemorrhage. Coagulation studies revealed abnormal results on presentation, and the problem was only partially corrected after an ...