BACKGROUND: Teaching in the operating room is one of the major cornerstones of surgical education. As time available for intraoperative resident teaching diminishes, such teaching time becomes increasingly precious. We studied how surgeons communicate with residents during an operation, with the goal of enhancing intraoperative teaching opportunities. METHODS: Grounded theory ...

ABSTRACT: MyChemise (My Chemical Structure Editor) is a new 2D structure editor. It is designed as a Java applet that enables the direct creation of structures in the Internet using a web browser. MyChemise saves files in a digital format (.cse) and the import and export of .mol files using ...

Background:  Lectures can vary from being entirely teacher-centred through to those that value learner-teacher and learner-learner interaction. Advocates of the exclusively didactic (teacher-centred) lecture aim to maximise the amount of lecture time available to their delivery of content, and regard other activities as 'lost' lecture time. Educational research has, however, ...

Background: Interactive video gaming has become ubiquitous in the practice of rehabilitation. The Nintendo Wii is one such system. Interactive gaming can promote intensive task-based therapy in a manner that is motivating for the user. Widespread enthusiasm for consoles and their games prompted us to analyze the games for their ...

Background  When support staff use questions to instruct, advise or guide adults with intellectual disabilities (ID), or to solicit information from them, the interaction does not always proceed smoothly, particularly when replies are ambiguous, absent or not obviously relevant. That can lead to interactional trouble and dissatisfaction, or worse. Methods  ...

Distance learning studies involving orthodontic residents have shown that, although residents prefer being live and interactive with an instructor, they learn almost as much from watching a recorded interactive seminar followed by a live discussion. Our objective in this study was to test the acceptability and perceived effectiveness of using ...

This study investigated online interaction within a curriculum unit at the University of Toronto, Canada that included an interprofessional case study discussion in a mixed-mode (face-to-face and online) format. Nine of the 81 teams that completed the four-day curriculum were selected for detailed review based on the attitudes students expressed ...

Objective. To implement and assess the effectiveness of using Twitter to encourage interaction between faculty members, guests, and students in a pharmacy management course taught simultaneously on 2 campuses.Design. Students were required to tweet a minimum of 10 times over several class sessions. The course instructor and guest professionals also ...

In this field study self-confidence was tested to predict the course of galvanic electrodermal stress response prior, during and after public speaking. Ten graduate students initially rated their self-confidence and afterwards presented their thesis proposals orally in a 10-min presentation to their supervisor and peers. Galvanic skin response level was ...

The interACT Sexual Assault Prevention Program is an interactive, skill-building performance based on the pedagogy of Augusto Boal's Theatre of the Oppressed. A longitudinal evaluation of this program compared pretest, posttest, and 3-month follow-up data from 509 university student participants. Results suggested that the interACT performance was successful in increasing ...

Trains of 2π or 4π pulses fail to refocus offsets but can suppress the effects of bilinear interactions such as homonuclear scalar couplings.

Programs that have been devised to improve the lot of patients with skin disease, or disease presenting with skin signs and symptoms, in resource-poor regions have focused mainly on education and training or community-oriented control measures. However, both have in common an objective of managing disease at population level. Training ...

The purpose of this project was to investigate the long-term effects on skill to interpret spatial information in radiographs after conventional and simulator-supported training. The study was a follow-up of a previously reported randomized experimental study. The original study population was comprised of fifty-seven dental students. Forty-five individuals agreed to ...

Two complimentary studies were conducted to investigate the inter-rater reliability and performance of juvenile justice personnel when conducting the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk for Youth (SAVRY). Study 1 reports the performance on four standardized vignettes of 408 juvenile probation officers (JPOs) and social workers rating the SAVRY as part ...

Background  Worldwide, very few studies have been published on the prevalence of acne among university students. Objective  The main objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of acne among Portuguese medical students. We also assessed associated factors and opinions. Methods  Participants were recruited among 145 fifth year medical ...

To determine the cost-effectiveness of the World Health Organization (WHO) Essential Newborn Care (ENC) training of health care providers in first-level facilities in the 2 largest cities in Zambia. Data were extracted from a study in which the effectiveness of the ENC training was evaluated (including universal precautions and cleanliness, ...

Background. This study tested the feasibility and acceptability of adding a reimbursable snack that meets the Institute of Medicine nutrition recommendations to an afterschool homework program for middle school students. Methods. Snack menu was developed and administered to students attending an afterschool homework program over 12 weeks. In spring 2009, ...

To determine the value of using the Roter Interaction Analysis System during objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) to assess pharmacy students' communication competence. As pharmacy students completed a clinical OSCE involving an interview with a simulated patient, 3 experts used a global rating scale to assess students' overall performance in ...

Background: A suitable sun safety educational program could help the public avoid sun exposure-induced skin damage. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of a sun safety program on volunteers in outdoor venues and explore the most effective sun safety education method in China. Methods: An intervention ...

Acupressure has been found to be effective in a number of conditions. This study aims at determining the effectiveness of acupressure on physical stress among high school students. A quasi-experimental pretest/posttest control group design was used. Statistical analysis of data revealed that acupressure was effective in reducing physical stress among ...

Five studies tested whether need for closure (NFC) moderates the relation between intergroup contact and prejudice toward immigrants. The results consistently showed that intergroup contact was more strongly associated with reduced levels of prejudice among people high in NFC compared to people low in NFC. Studies 1 (N = 138 ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact on resident forceps experience by a single proactive teacher. STUDY DESIGN: A study was performed to assess the impact on delivery statistics and outcome following the assignment of a single attending to teach forceps to residents. A 2 year ...

Background  The high prevalence of skin conditions makes dermatology education an essential part of the undergraduate medical curriculum. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of different educational methods on confidence levels in dermatology among UK medical students. Methods  A survey-based study was carried out to establish: ...

Research on subjective well-being suggests that it is only partly a function of environmental circumstances. There may be a personality characteristic or a resilient disposition toward experiencing high levels of well-being even in unfavorable circumstances. Adult attachment may contribute to this resilient disposition. This study examined whether the association between ...

To assess the learning curve for measurement of the fetal modified myocardial performance index (MPI). Three trainees with the theoretical knowledge of but without prior experience in performing MPI measurement were selected. Each trainee and one experienced examiner measured MPI in a cohort of 90 consecutive fetuses. The average difference ...

The relationship between skin-fold thickness and running performance has been investigated from 100 m to the marathon distance, except the half marathon distance. To investigate whether anthropometry characteristics or training practices were related to race time in 42 recreational female half marathoners to determine the predictor variables of half-marathon race ...

Self-formed out-of-class study groups may benefit student learning; however, few researchers have quantified the relationship between study group use and achievement or described changes in study group usage patterns over a semester. We related study group use to performance on content exams, explored patterns of study group use, and qualitatively ...

Occupational dermatitis is among the most frequent occupational diseases. Dermal exposure risk affects many professional categories such as healthcare workers, hairdressers, bakers, cleaning and kitchen employees. The economical burden of occupational dermatitis (OD) is huge (greater than 5 billion Euro per year in Europe), comprising direct costs (treatment, compensation), as ...

Neurological concepts applicable to a doctorate in occupational therapy are often challenging to comprehend, and students are required to demonstrate critical reasoning skills beyond simply recalling the information. To achieve this, various learning and teaching strategies are used, including the use of technology in the classroom. The availability of technology ...

Background: Plagiarism is a common issue in education. Software can detect plagiarism but little is known about prevention. Aims: To identify ways to reduce the incidence of plagiarism in a postgraduate programme. Methods: From 2006, all student assignments were monitored using plagiarism detection software (Turn It In) to produce percentage ...

in 2008, the Surgical Council on Resident Education selected 33 residency programs to pilot its General Surgery Resident Curriculum Website Portal. The portal aims to reduce program variability in curricula, align teaching and learning with essential content, and improve resident study and performance. two online surveys were sent to all ...

Purpose. To understand what faculty members can do to improve students' learning, we explored (1) program and course characteristics important to students, (2) choices within courses students feel are important, and (3) students' perceptions of learning online. Background. Web delivery alters interactions among students and faculty, thereby changing the learning ...

Aims: In order to develop the e-learning teaching material for medical professionals who are not physicians, we compared solution-based interactive and reading-based reproductive learning with regard to the increase of knowledge. Furthermore we tried to identify additional factors influencing learning.Methods: We used a quasi-experimental double-stage study design with pre-test (point ...

Work related thumb pain (WRTP) is a major problem among manipulative physiotherapists. Therapists who maintain the thumb joints in an extended alignment during PA mobilisation experience less WRTP. The purposes of this study were to investigate what effect taping of the thumbs has on thumb alignment during mobilisation and to ...

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to improve the efficiency of initial box training for laparoscopic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study used the following task: suturing and knot tying task under a combination of four conditions. (1) The C (use of conventional instruments)-D (direct vision); (2) the C-V ...

THE LEARNING CURVE OF REGISTRATION IN NAVIGATED SKULL BASE SURGERYBACKGROUND: Computer aided surgery (CAS) is advantageous in challenging procedures in head and neck surgery. It is not clear, if the application of CAS has to be trained to achieve reliable results. The learning curve of the registration of the patient's ...

Some studies have demonstrated that physiotherapists have a high prevalence of low back pain (LBP). The association between physiotherapy students, who are potentially exposed to the same LBP occupational risks as graduates, and LBP has never been demonstrated. The objective of the study is to evaluate the association between undergraduate ...

Impaired walking function and spasticity are common sequelae of stroke. Prior studies have shown that a rehabilitation program combining transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) with task-related training (TRT) improves motor function in individuals with stroke. However, it is unclear if this approach is beneficial for individuals with long-standing stroke. The subject ...

BACKGROUND: With the incidence of skin cancers continuing to increase, traditional clerkships may not be sufficient to teach medical students important detection and management skills. OBJECTIVE: We performed a randomized study to determine the efficacy of the online curriculum, eDerm. METHOD: Students were randomized to complete eDerm before or after ...

A variety of modifications have been employed to learning vector quantization (LVQ) algorithms using either crisp or soft windows for selection of data. Although these schemes have been shown in practice to improve performance, a theoretical study on the influence of windows has so far been limited. Here we rigorously ...

It has been suggested that minimally invasive total knee arthroplasties increase the risk of component malalignment. Results during the period of initial learning curve on component malalignment are relatively unknown but should be addressed. This study reports the component alignment data of the first 100 minimally invasive total knee arthroplasties ...

Few clinical studies have evaluated physiotherapeutic interventions for patients with degenerative cerebellar disease. In particular, evidence for long-term effects and transfer to activities of daily life is rare. We have recently shown that coordinative training leads to short-term improvements in motor performance. To evaluate long-term benefits and translation to real ...

Bidirectional changes in synaptic transmission have the potential to optimize the control of movement. However, it can be difficult to establish a causal relationship between the bidirectionality of synaptic plasticity and bidirectional changes in the speed of actual movements. We asked whether metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) receptors, which participate ...

The associations between physical competence, self-perceived bodily competence, parental concern for their children's motor skill development, and teachers' evaluation of their bodily competence were assessed in 646 six- to seven-year-olds. Physical competence was assessed by the German motor ability test "Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder", while the children's, their parents', and their ...

To determine a learning curve for radical perineal prostatectomy after formal training in radical retropubic prostatectomy. Using the William Beaumont Hospital Prostatectomy database, we analyzed peri-operative data from two surgeons performing radical perineal prostatectomies from their initial 96 cases to determine a learning curve. Over time, data between the first ...

A specific statistical tool (the cumulative summation test for learning curve or LC-CUSUM) was used to monitor the learning curve of four trainees for the diagnosis of endometriomas by transvaginal ultrasound. A large intertrainee variability in the learning curves was found, justifying a tailored training to learn this diagnosis.

The method introduced in this paper allows for training arbitrarily connected neural networks, therefore, more powerful neural network architectures with connections across layers can be efficiently trained. The proposed method also simplifies neural network training, by using the forward-only computation instead of the traditionally used forward and backward computation.

Several studies have demonstrated benefits of rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the neuroscientific foundations for rehabilitation in MS are poorly established. As rehabilitation and motor learning share similar mechanisms of brain plasticity, we test whether the dynamics of skill learning are preserved in MS patients relative to controls. MS ...

The study investigated changes in motor output and motor unit behavior following 6 wk of either strength or endurance training programs commonly used in conditioning and rehabilitation. Twenty-seven sedentary healthy men (age, 26.1 ± 3.9 yr; mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to strength training (ST; n = 9), endurance ...

Communicating an understanding of the forces and factors that determine a protein's structure is an important goal of many biology and biochemistry courses at a variety of levels. Many educators use computer software that allows visualization of these complex molecules for this purpose. Although visualization is in wide use and ...