This article undertakes an exploration of the issue of mandated cost recovery for biocommunications units in state-supported university medical centers. A rationale for cost recovery and variables associated with cost recovery are examined. A list of the advantages and disadvantages for cost recovery is provided. Discussion centers on ability to ...

This notice sets forth a schedule of limits on home health agency [HHA] costs that may be reimbursed under the Medicare program. The schedule is an update of the limits to take into account more recent data and the effects of inflation on HHA operating costs, and it applies to ...

This notice sets forth a proposed schedule of limits on home health agency (HHA) costs that may be reimbursed under the Medicare program. The schedule is an update of the limits to take into account more recent data and the effects of inflation on HHA operating costs and would apply ...

Functional morphologists have traditionally regarded cost of locomotion as an important influence on the design of locomotor structures. If cost of locomotion is an important constraint in the natural selection of these structures, it should be possible to show that animals differing in limb morphology also differ in their locomotor ...

Deriving the correct costs for accidents of various severity levels by using unit costs per person-casualty class requires a knowledge of all the casualties of various classes within a specific severity level. If this data is not known the accident costs are underestimated. This paper shows the correct structuring of ...

Simple low-cost telephone systems for independent use by individuals with limited upper extremity function are described. The systems can be easily assembled from readily available telephone components. Communication is accomplished through a telephone amplifier and uses operator-assisted dialing. Use requires the manipulation of only two switches. One switch connects the ...

Cost comparisons and the cost effectiveness of on-line searching of information are reviewed. Topics discussed include on-line vs. manual searching, charge-out of search costs, efficacy of on-line searching, on-line vs. batch computer searching, vendor system comparisons, networking, searcher productivity, telecommunications, role of the intermediary, search transmission rates and on-line charges, ...

The NLM and DIALOG user will normally make the cost-effective choice by printing online at 1200 baud rather than offline. At 300 baud the offline print remains the economical choice. Given the most reasonable estimates of citation length, offline printing is now the choice in all cases for the BRS ...

In-vivo small-molecule clearances, ultrafiltration rate, and priming volumes were measured in a modern hollow-fibre dialyser after three, six, and 12 uses in a study group of nine regular dialysis patients. A detailed costing of reuse was carried out in order to determine the most cost-beneficial number of uses. Dialyser performance ...

A need for a colorimeter with low capital and maintenance costs has been suggested for countries with foreign exchange problems and no local medical instrumentation industry. This paper puts forward a design for such a device based on a domestic light-bulb, photographic filters and photovoltaic cells. The principle of the ...

"This article provides some empirical information pertaining to the benefits and costs of foreign labor to Singapore and subjects to critical analysis some of Pang and Lim's hypotheses concerning the costs of labor importation presented in a previous article.... The article concludes with a discussion of the real cost to ...

Mariner Mark II is a concept for the next generatioon of deep-space missions. The project would provide limited, focused sets of Voyager- and Galileo-quality planetary observations at a fraction of the cost of the Voyager and Galileo projects. This article discusses Mariner Mark II's cost goals, scientific objectives, and mission ...

The economics of strategic dipping compared to nil treatment of cattle ticks (Boophilus microplus) on Droughtmaster cattle was assessed using a partial budget analysis. The analysis was based on reported experimental data which showed a bodyweight gain advantage from strategic dipping of 45 kg/head for growing cattle and 35 kg/head ...

In rural settlements of the Kenya Coast C. p. quinquefasciatus develops in three major types of breeding-places. These are pit latrines, cesspools and small cement cisterns which man builds to improve his sanitary facilities. All three types are present in Moslem villages. At present only latrines have been recorded in ...

Price increases in the Jamaica CSM program went into effect on August 31, 1981. The program began in 1975. While the need for higher prices has been under discussion for the past 3 years, this is the 1st time the requisite approval from the Jamaica Price Commission has been obtained. ...

The cost effectiveness of quality control in bacteriology stipulated by regulators is not established. The authors evaluated 111 surveillance procedures applied to 54 different operations; 100 had been performed in the authors' lab between 1965 and 1980, 91 of which had been performed 50 times. Forty-six conformed to CLIA requirements ...

"The present article offers an alternative [to Rabianski's] empirical analysis of the migration impact of living cost differentials and deals with net (as opposed to gross) [U.S.] migration to some 25 (as opposed to just 11) SMSAs over the 1960-70 rather than the 1955-60 time period. The results...indicate that...living cost ...

This paper describes a low-cost environmental control system for quadriplegics. With a single custom designed input switch, a disabled patient can turn up to three electrical devices on or off. The design could easily be extended to handle additional devices. The system can be constructed in one day for approximately ...

"This paper argues that migrant behaviour should be, in the absence of 'money illusion', sensitive to geographic living-cost differentials. The empirical findings of this paper strongly imply that, in the United States and Canada, the cost of living is an important determinant of migration patterns and that omission of the ...

There is an increasing demand for improved, up-to-date training and equipment for ground ambulance services across Canada. This paper presents the results of a survey of ambulance operations and their funding by the provinces, as well as a comparison of provincial legislation and recommendations on standards for equipment and the ...

Maintenance records during 12 months for 16 MA-1 ventilators, 7 BEAR-1 ventilators more than one year old, and 6 new BEAR-1 ventilators were compared. The MA-1 ventilators had the best record in every important category except cost for accessory parts and ventilator cost per patient hour with retrofit and preventive ...

A review of published studies and studies conducted through the International Fertility Research Program on the Lippes Loop D, TCu and Cu-7 shows that none of the three devices evaluated is better with respect to continuation and all types of event rates. There is a trend toward lower expulsion rates ...

The power of locomotion of a terrestrial slug rises linearly with crawling speed. The metabolic cost of movement is 904 joules per kilogram per meter, considerably more than that reported for other forms of locomotion. This high cost is primarily attributable to the production of the pedal mucus by which ...

Aminoacylation of tRNA occurs with a high degree of accuracy in many cases because misacylated molecules are effectively proofread on the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase by preferential hydrolysis. This hydrolysis releases an ATP equivalent of energy. An explicit relationship between cost of proofreading and the resulting degree of accuracy is presented. Experimental ...

The choice of suspension in below-knee prosthetics poses a problem for the clinician because cuff suspension weighs less than side-joint-thigh corset suspension but the latter offers more stability. The energy costs of one compared with the other is of prime consideration when dealing with the older person after an amputation. ...

The costs for elective cholecystectomies were measured 1955, 1965 and 1975. The average length of stay decreased by 25% between 1955 and 1965 and with the same amount between 1965 and 1975. In spite of these marked reductions in the average length of stay there was only a significant decrease ...

A low cost cordless electric drill originally designed for the home workshop has been adapted for use in the operating room and extensively employed for over a year. Permitting one-hand operation, unencumbered by power cords or air hoses, and positively free from shock hazard, this type of drill will perform ...

The oxygen cost and energy expenditure of submaximal treadmill running was evaluated in 9 male distance runners. The oxygen consumption--running speed relationship was highly significant (r = .917) and linear over the entire aerobic range. The caloric cost of 0.97 Kcal/kg/k was in close agreement with values found in the ...

The cost of semiconductor grade silicon was incorrectly stated as $65 per ton (29 July, p. 446). The correct figure is $65 per kilogram.

In this study, the cost of using permanent ware and disposable ware in selected schools was compared. Included in the permanent ware study were the costs of: The ware, machine washing of the ware (including labor time and consumption of utilities, detergents, and chemicals), and refuse removal. Data collected in ...

Comparisons of six hypothetical cases suggest that Haldane overstimated the cost of natural selection by allele substitution. The cost is reduced if recessive alleles are advantageous, if substitutions are large and few, if selection is strong and substitutions are rapid, if substitutions are serial, and if substitutions in small demes ...

The expansion of dialysis services and the introduction of disposable dialyzers have led to an increase in cost of hemodialysis. Many centers have attempted to reduce the cost of dialysis by using dialyzers on multiple occasions after cleaning and sterilization. Manual techniques for cleaning dialyzers are tedious, using valuable technician ...

Analysis of the cost of time and material required for the diagnosis of Enterobacteriacea isolates indicated that a conventional 17-tube (20-test) setup costs $7.98 per isolated identified. Using the API 20E, a similar identification cost $3.02. A conventional 7-tube (10-test) setup cost $3.60, whereas the comparable cost by 30% while ...

Proctosigmoidoscopic examinations were performed on 363 patients who had gastrointestinal but no colonic symptoms. Thirty-four, all over the age of 40, were found to have polypoid lesions, 24 of which were adenomatous. Air-contrast barium enemas were utilized to rule out higher lesions in the patients with one or more adenomatous ...

Disagreement exists over whether man's bipedal form of locomotion evolved as an economical means for covering long distances. There is also some disagreement about the energetic price man had to pay to free his hands. In an investigation of the relative energetic cost of bipedal and quadrupedal locomotion in primates, ...

On a sugar estate in northern Tanzania, an integrated control programme against Schistosoma mansoni was carried out during the three years 1968-70 inclusive. The costs of that programme are defined, the costs of future snail control in the same area are estimated, and an attempt is made to evaluate the ...

UNIT COSTS OF PROVIDING INTERLIBRARY LOANS AND PHOTOCOPIES WERE DETERMINED BY A METHOD NOT PREVIOUSLY USED FOR LIBRARY COST STUDIES: random time sampling with self-observation. The working time of all appropriate personnel was sampled using Random Alarm Mechanisms and a structured checklist of tasks. The total lender's unit cost per ...

A survey in South Wales has been used to estimate the annual cost of individual anaesthetic drugs used in the National Health Service. Halothane, costing pound900,000, is the most expensive item, followed by oxygen ( pound390,000) and nitrous oxide ( pound350,000). The total cost of drugs used for hospital anaesthetics ...

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2002.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1998.

Mammals re-entered the oceans less than 60 million years ago. The transition from a terrestrial to an aquatic lifestyle required extreme morphological and behavioural modifications concomitant with fundamentally different locomotor mechanisms for moving on land and through water. Energetic transport costs typically reflect such different locomotor modes, but can not ...

A study has been undertaken to evaluate the comparative efficacy of two molluscicides-Bayluscide and sodium pentachlorophenate-in controlling the snail population in a complete watershed and to obtain an analysis of the comparative costs of application. Main canals were treated by the drip-feed method, utilizing the water-carriage system, and other watercourses ...

The effects of several conditions of response cost (response-produced point loss) upon FR 50 performance maintained by 100-point reinforcements were investigated. Post-reinforcement pauses did not appear under no-cost (no points deducted per response) conditions. Such pauses were effected, however, by introducing 5-sec periods of one-point and two-point costs after each ...

The cost of constructing and operating selected conventional urban highways and their right-of-way cost are plotted over a half-century span. Similarly, the costs of some automobile vehicular tunnels built in this century are also presented for comparison. The operating costs of highways and tunnels are also listed and compared, and ...

The effects of cost (point-loss per response) upon human avoidance, escape, and avoidance-escape behavior maintained by PLPs (point-loss periods) were investigated. Cost had a marked but differentially suppressive effect upon responding under all schedules. The greatest number of PLPs taken under cost occurred on the escape schedule. In most instances ...