Previous economic studies have examined the association between substance abuse treatment and reduced costs to society, but it remains uncertain whether the economic measures used in cost and benefit-cost analyses of treatment programs correspond in direction and magnitude with clinical outcomes. In response to this uncertainty, the present study analyzed ...

Outpatient treatment of DVT with LMWHs offers the opportunity to dramatically reduce the cost of treating DVT and improve the quality of life without compromising clinical outcomes. Given the choice, most patients are willing to be treated at home and are comfortable with or willing to accept the idea of ...

Faith-based substance abuse rehabilitation programs provide residential treatment for many substance abusers. To determine key governing concepts of such programs, we conducted semi-structured interviews with sample of eleven clinical and administrative staff referred to us by program directors at six, Evangelical Christian, faith-based, residential rehabilitation programs representing two large, nationwide ...

OBJECTIVES: Tolerance induction to prevent development of nickel allergy has been suggested with permanent dental braces. We wanted to find out which effect orthodontic treatments had had on the development of nickel allergy in university students. STUDY DESIGN: We examined and patch tested 153 students, of whom 113 had a ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate emergency medical technicians' (EMTs) experiences with the Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) program and learn about attitudes regarding its effectiveness. DESIGN: Anonymous survey mailed to a stratified random sample. SETTING: Tri-County Portland, Oregon, area. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 572 Oregon EMT respondents (out of 1,048 surveys) ...

AIMS: To describe the epidemiology of acne in New Zealand adolescents and their access to acne treatment. METHODS: Secondary analysis of data collected in the 'Youth2000' survey. A random sample of 12,934 Year 9-13 students, from 133 secondary schools across New Zealand, was invited to participate. The survey included items ...

In the Marburg (Germany) 5-year dental curriculum, students enter the orthodontic department in the middle of their third year. Our teaching is student-centered and problem-solving oriented. From day 1 our students are trained to diagnose in three separate levels of development i.e. (i) craniofacial growth, (ii) development of the dentition ...

Patients with writer's cramp (WC) show uncontrollable muscle co-contractions of agonists and antagonists and unusual postures of the upper limb during writing; their handwriting is inefficient and exhausting. Currently the treatment of choice is to inject botulinum toxin in selective hand muscles. However, this treatment has two drawbacks: it is ...

Whereas replacement of failed restorations is the major treatment for adults in dental practice, repair is an important alternative with the potential to save tooth structure and increase the longevity of restorations at a lower cost. This in vitro study recorded the choices of treatment for the same set of ...

The effect of motivational interviewing (MI) on retention in the context of an outpatient and drug-free heroin-program is evaluated. Heroin users (N=40) seeking treatment were randomly assigned to MI or to control conditions. Results indicated that participants who received MI significantly increased retention rates in comparison to the control group ...

OBJECTIVE: To create an artificial neural network (ANN) to aid in predicting the results of endoscopic treatment for vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: During 1999-2001 we used endoscopic treatment in 261 ureteric units with VUR of all grades and causes. An ANN based on multilayer perceptron architecture was created ...

Program graduation, even after controlling for length of stay, may predict for improved outcomes in some substance abuse treatment settings. We investigated the role of program graduation by comparing social outcomes and inpatient utilization the years before and after treatment among graduates and dropouts of a Veterans Administration substance abuse ...

BACKGROUND: Since many offenders have drug problems, investigators have proposed that drug testing and treatment should be an integral part of probation. In 1994, the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) funded a demonstration project designed to integrate drug treatment with traditional supervision services. As part of this demonstration ...

We developed and implemented a novel 8-day residential treatment program for smokeless tobacco (ST) use. A multidisciplinary team delivered behavioral treatment, nicotine patches were adjusted to achieve 100% replacement of baseline peak serum nicotine concentrations, and bupropion sustained-release was prescribed. Mean participant age (+/- SD) was 47.4 +/- 18.2 years. ...

This article discussed some ways in which a history of failure experiences can enhance negative affect and cognitive avoidance and further impair attentional and organizational abilities associated with ADHD. Accordingly,psychosocial interventions have two targets: providing training in organizational and attentional skills while addressing patterns that motivate demand-related distress and avoidance ...

Improved treatment-adherence support programs are needed to help human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons comply with complex highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) regimens. In an experimental directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) program, treatment-naive and treatment-experienced persons who experienced failure of no more than 1 prior regimen were recruited from 3 public ...

Addiction research is challenged to disseminate evidence-based practices into routine clinical settings. The successful adoption of innovation must consider issues of fit, such as the characteristics, readiness, and attitudes of clinicians in the community. We constructed a survey to assess clinical practices and readiness to adopt certain evidence-based practices in ...

It is widely observed that child sexual offenders typically exhibit considerable reluctance to self-disclose at a level that reflects the full reality of their offending. Their successful engagement in relapse prevention-based programs is therefore problematic. This paper describes a study involving men undertaking a prototypical group treatment program, facing the ...

An accurate national listing of substance abuse treatment programs is essential for reporting data about the nation's treatment system and the clients entering that system. The National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (NSSATS) is thought to provide the most comprehensive list of treatment providers. Therefore, we report a partial ...

Converging evidence suggests that disulfiram is a promising treatment for cocaine dependence. We study the cost-effectiveness of providing disulfiram to methadone-maintained opioid addicts in a randomized clinical trial setting. Our economic evaluation is based on a double blind clinical trial in which 67 cocaine-dependent methadone-maintained opioid-dependent subjects were randomized to ...

BACKGROUND: Methadone treatment for heroin addiction has been available for 40 years, but there is relatively little research on the effectiveness of Canadian programs. This paper describes one-year retention among the client cohorts entering the British Columbia Methadone Program during expansion between 1996 and 1999, and examines some factors previously ...

The purpose of this study was to determine Veterans Administration addiction treatment program leaders' familiarity with evidence-based practices, understanding of and attitudes toward existing VA treatment guidelines, the extent to which specific practices should be implemented, and perceived barriers to implementation. Two hundred and twenty surveys were mailed to program ...

Anxiety and mood disorders are prevalent in the Australian community and can be functionally disabling. Access to treatment for these disorders can be difficult, particularly in rural areas where there is limited availability of specialist mental health practitioners such as psychiatrists and clinical psychologists. One way to address this problem ...

In vivo time-lapse multiphoton microscopy was used to analyze the remodeling of the dendritic arborizing (da) sensory neuron known as dorsal dendritic arborizing neuron E (ddaE) during metamorphosis. After its larval processes have been removed, the cell body of ddaE repositions itself on the body wall between 25 and 40 ...

BACKGROUND: This article is an update of an earlier international review of fear of flying treatment programs. METHOD. One hundred and sixty two airlines and treatment facilities around the world were approached for information on treatment programs for flying phobia. In comparison to the earlier review, the number of treatment ...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) carriage among injection drug users (IDUs) treated in an injection heroin maintenance program with that among IDUs treated in an oral methadone program, and to determine predictors of S. aureus carriage. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: Two opiate maintenance ...

SETTING: Little is known about the challenges of delivering tuberculosis (TB) treatment in Indonesia's southern province of Bali. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore staff perceptions of TB treatment delivery and barriers to improved TB control in Bali to inform strategies for programme development. DESIGN: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with staff ...

Several interventions and service delivery models now exist to help unemployed people in treatment for substance use disorder seek gainful employment (Platt, 1995). Some of these interventions can be conveniently offered within substance user treatment settings. One of the best known examples of these interventions is job seeking skills training ...

The study randomly assigned male inmates with co-occurring serious mental illness and chemical abuse (MICA) disorders to either modified therapeutic community (MTC) or mental health (MH) treatment programs. On their release from prison, MICA inmates who completed the prison MTC program could enter the MTC aftercare program. The results, obtained ...

BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence is a common and distressing problem. Bladder training aims to increase the interval between voids and is widely used for the treatment of urinary incontinence. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of bladder training for the treatment of urinary incontinence. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group ...

Alcohol and other drug abuse (AOD) treatment is a major means of HIV/AIDS prevention, yet clients of street outreach programs (SOP) who are injection drug users (IDU), and outreach workers and staff as well, report various obstacles to enrolling clients in AOD programs. This study assessed the barriers to AOD ...

Although it is clear that LBP imposes a grave economic cost on society, the lack of consensus on causes and appropriate treatments makes it difficult to develop explicit guidelines and best practices. To gain a greater understanding of the economic impact of the condition and to reduce the unnecessary procedures ...

This paper describes implementing technology used for developing a personalized treatment plan using a specific treatment planning process and methodology. This methodology involves defining categories of treatment, goals that a program can assist patients to achieve, client objectives that evidence movement towards achieving specific goals, and interventions that can be ...

Panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) is considered an important public health problem. The efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for PDA has been widely demonstrated. The American National Institute of Health recommended Cognitive-Behavioral programs as the treatment of choice for this disorder. This institution also recommended that researchers develop treatments whose ...

An outcome evaluation of a substance abuse aftercare program for homeless women with children was conducted using confounding variable-control evaluation design. The confounding variables are chosen from pre-treatment and other contextual variables of the clients that are known to have significant influence on the program outcome, but those that could ...

Vocational rehabilitation (VR) programs within addiction treatment traditionally consider employment as the desired outcome. This singular focus ignores other benefits, such as.reduced substance use. A framework for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of VR within addiction treatment is presented and illustrated with data from the Alcohol and Drug Services Study (ADSS, 1996--1999). ...

The purpose of this article is to review the latest developments in the area of rehabilitation of disabled mentally ill patients. Rehabilitation is a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary treatment. It involves a wide variety of interventions. These interventions are designed to enable the client to integrate into the normal life of ...

There are approximately 100 Veterans Industries work therapy programs in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) throughout the U.S. The majority of participants are veterans with severe substance use disorders and their length of stay ranges from 3 to 12 months. This study examines the Veterans Industries work therapy model at ...

This paper explores results of a program for substance-abusing welfare recipients in New Jersey. New Jersey hired an outside contractor, placed them in the welfare offices and proactively identified recipients with problems, assessed and placed them in appropriate treatment and then managed their care. The program eased the burden on ...

This article describes a treatment approach for students with emotional and behavioral challenges. The approach involves conducting reality therapy in an in-school support room. Data from this pilot study indicate that the treatment assists in developing more effective choices and in turn promotes cognitive and behavioral change in most students, ...

This overview of the March 2003 conference on the U.S. national buprenorphine implementation program is developed to inform the practitioner about the positive experience that has been accumulated worldwide on the use of buprenorphine for office-based practice. The first paper delineates the challenges for American psychiatry in moving buprenorphine forward ...

Research suggests that, by itself or as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) involving exposure with response prevention (ERP) is an effective treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). However, there is a shortage of clinicians trained in this form of therapy. Although many psychodynamic clinicians treat individuals with OCD using ...

A self-administered, CD-ROM-based, interactive multimedia psychoeducational intervention, called Working It Out, was developed to improve employment functioning for clients in substance dependency treatment. The computer-based, program's effectiveness was tested in comparison with printed material. During 2000--2001 194 clients with employment concerns in six treatment programs were randomly assigned to a ...

This study presents the results of an empirical investigation into the effects of nonresponse on the measurement of student ability in large scale educational achievement studies. The analyses explored the bias in student and national ability estimate distributions relating to particular psychometric treatments of nonresponse. A range of replicated analyses ...

Persons with mental illnesses who are released from jail or prison are at high risk of psychiatric decompensation and re-arrest. This paper describes an ACT jail linkage program for this population that won an American Psychiatric Association Gold Award (2001). Based on interviews with its first 24 participants, we illustrate ...

This is a report of a study of 828 delinquent adolescents who completed behavioral treatment during 1995, 1996, 1997 in Holy Cross Children's Services programs. The research focused on a measure of chaplain contact time with each youth, and three outcome variables: "planned release" (program completion), living situation at 12 ...

A training program was implemented for 56 health care professionals who work with injection drug users (IDUs) in Spain. The aims were to change health care professionals' concepts of drug treatment for IDUs and increase the knowledge required to implement effective drug treatment programs and train professionals who would in ...

OBJECTIVE: Day hospital treatment has demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of eating disorders, but no information regarding the required intensity of treatment is currently available. The purpose of this study was to compare the short-term effectiveness of a 4-day versus a 5-day day hospital program. METHODS: The study followed a ...

One of the most effective disease prevention and health promotion strategies available is the treatment of tobacco dependence. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence provides a number of recommendations for interventions by health care systems and providers, including that ...

This study evaluates the efficacy of two systemic insecticides (imidacloprid and abamectin) in an operational setting and their suitability to be incorporated into an integrated pest management program. Elm leaf beetle abundance and leaf damage were compared between treated trees and untreated control trees from 1995 through 1999. Laboratory bioassays ...