Background: Whilst there is a growing body of evidence relating to the effectiveness of early detection and early intervention services there have been relatively few studies which have provided information on whether they are cost-effective. Aim: The aim of this paper is to review the cost-effectiveness evidence for early detection ...

Repetitive stress injuries (RSI) and musculoskeletal disorders in the United States and worldwide are increasing at an alarming rate due to the advent of ubiquitous computer usage. Factors that lead to computer-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) include inadequately designed workstations, poor posture, and lack of knowledge about proper ergonomics and use ...

Background: When new elements are included in the medical curriculum and the total time frame remains unchanged, established disciplines have to shorten their courses. This might bring about frustration among the teachers and students concerned, which in turn might affect how other courses are perceived. Findings: Two course evaluations, one ...

Objective: In this article, the authors investigated the effectiveness of a behavior modification program using global positioning system (GPS) vehicle tracking devices with contingency incentives and disincentives to reduce the speeding behavior of drivers with ADHD. Method: Using an AB multiple-baseline design, six participants drove a 5-mile stable driving route ...

This study examined whether the nonitem-specific retest learning effects, previously shown with young-old adults primarily in their 60s and 70s, could be extended to oldest-old adults aged 80 and onward. Twenty-one oldest-olds participated in an 8-session retest training program with three ability domains: perceptual speed, inductive reasoning, and visual attention. ...

Flash sterilization of surgical instruments has been a common practice, but patient safety and quality assurance health care groups have recently recommended minimizing its use. Our goals were to describe the implementation and effectiveness of our institution's program for reducing the flash sterilization rate of instruments used for total hip ...

Robbins, DW, Marshall, PWM, and McEwen, M. The effect of training volume on lower-body strength. J Strength Cond Res 26(1): 34-39, 2012-The objective of this study was to examine the chronic effects on lower-body strength in resistance trained men of performing varying training volumes over 6 weeks. A pretest and ...

Hrysomallis, C. The effectiveness of resisted movement training on sprinting and jumping performance. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-Resisted movement training is that in which the sports movement is performed with added resistance. To date, the effectiveness on enhancing sprint speed or vertical jump height had not been reviewed. ...

In the present study, introductory-level German students read a simplified story and learned the meanings of new German words by reading English translations in marginal glosses versus trying to infer (i.e., guess) their translations. Students who inferred translations were given feedback in English or in German, or no feedback at ...

Hase K, Suzuki E, Matsumoto M, Fujiwara T, Liu M. Effects of therapeutic gait training using a prosthesis and a treadmill for ambulatory patients with hemiparesis. To examine the short-term effects of a newly developed hemiparetic gait training in which patients walk with a prosthesis applied to the nonparetic leg ...

The Association of American Medical Colleges has encouraged educators to investigate proper linkage of simulation experiences with medical curricula. The authors aimed to determine if student knowledge and satisfaction differ between participation in web-based and manikin simulations for learning shock physiology and treatment and to determine if a specific training ...

Soldiers are often required to carry heavy loads during military operations. This paper reports on a systematic literature review examining the influence of physical training on load carriage performance. Several literature databases, reference lists, and other sources were explored to find studies that quantitatively examined the effects of physical training ...

To investigate the cost-effectiveness of nonpharmacological, nonsurgical interventions for the treatment of hip and/or knee osteoarthritis. We identified economic evaluations or cost studies associated with randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials that assessed nonpharmacologic, nonsurgical interventions for the treatment of hip and/or knee osteoarthritis. Medline, Embase, PubMed, National Health Service Economic ...

The demonstration of a sequential congruency effect in sequence learning has been offered as evidence for control processes that act to inhibit automatic response tendencies (Jiménez, Lupiáñez, & Vaquero, 2009) via unconscious conflict monitoring. Here we propose an alternative interpretation of this effect based on the associative learning of chains ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short- and long-term results of FATaintPHAT, a Web-based computer-tailored intervention aiming to increase physical activity, decrease sedentary behavior, and promote healthy eating to contribute to the prevention of excessive weight gain among adolescents. DESIGN: Cluster randomized trial with an intervention group and a no-intervention control group. ...

BackgroundComputerized decision support systems (CDSSs) are believed to enhance patient care and reduce healthcare costs; however the current evidence is limited and the cost-effectiveness remains unknown.ObjectiveTo estimate the long-term cost-effectiveness of a CDSS linked to evidence-based treatment recommendations for type 2 diabetes.MethodsUsing the Ontario Diabetes Economic Model, changes in factors ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Concomitant chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) has become an indispensable organ, but not always function preserving treatment modality for advanced head and neck cancer. To prevent/limit the functional side effects of CCRT, special exercise programs are increasingly explored. This study presents cost-effectiveness analyses of a preventive (swallowing) exercise program (PREP) compared ...

Exposure to an adverse early life environment is associated with increased cardio-metabolic disease risk, a phenomenon termed "programming." The effects of this are not limited to the exposed first (F1) generation but can be transmissible to a second generation (F2) through male and female lines. Using a three generation animal ...

AIM: Our objective was to examine the cost-effectiveness of disease management programs (DMPs) for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) taking into account their life prolonging effect. METHODS: We compared real life costs in 19,888 propensity score matched pairs of T2DM DMP participants and T2DM patients in routine care (RC) according ...

Recent empirical studies and analyses have heightened interest in the use of expanded antiretroviral therapy (ART) for prevention of HIV transmission. However, ART is expensive, approximately $600 per person per year, raising issues of the cost and cost-effectiveness of ambitious ART expansion. The goal of this review is to equip ...

Filipovic, A, Kleinöder, H, Dörmann, U, and Mester, J. Electromyostimulation-A systematic review of the influence of training regimens and stimulation parameters on effectiveness in electromyostimulation training of selected strength parameters. J Strength Cond Res 25(11): 3218-3238, 2011-Our first review from our 2-part series investigated the effects of percutaneous electromyostimulation (EMS) ...

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the present review was to present and discuss evidence for pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training on female stress urinary incontinence (SUI), pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and sexual dysfunction. METHODS: This manuscript is based on conclusions and data presented in systematic reviews on PFM training for SUI, ...

Medical Education 2011: 45: 1025-1031 Context  Undergraduate medical curricula are often deficient in teaching physical examinations in intimate zones, such as the rectal examination. Student inhibition is assumed to substantially hamper both the acquisition of knowledge and the performance of these examinations in practice. Objectives  The two present studies examined ...

The human striatum has been previously implicated in the processing of positive reinforcement, but less is known about its role in processing negative reinforcement. In this experiment, participants learn specific approach or avoid responses, mediated by positive and negative reinforcers respectively, to investigate how affective learning and associated neural activity ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of an embedded simulation-based team training programme on perceived performance and to compare the effect over different phases of the programme. METHODS: This was a prospective, single-centre, longitudinal study over the first 2 years of the programme. A total of 219 multidisciplinary health-care professionals participated in ...

We investigated the impact of required diversity courses on students' understanding of racial inequality and their social development with regard to racial outgroups, with a specific focus on the effects of student race and empathy as moderators of diversity course effectiveness. First-semester students (N = 173), enrolled in either diversity ...

To compare the effectiveness of expert-assisted learning (EAL), peer-assisted learning (PAL), and computer-assisted learning (CAL) on participants' procedural skills acquisition in the simulated setting. Sixty medical and nursing students practiced urinary catheterization in an expert-, peer- or computer-assisted, simulation-based, learning environment. Effectiveness of training was evaluated in the simulated setting ...

Objectives: Previous research has suggested people with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) are less likely to develop Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) if they receive prolonged structured diet and exercise advice. This study examined the within-trial cost-effectiveness of such lifestyle interventions.Methods: Screen-detected participants with either newly diagnosed T2DM or IFG were randomized ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) at an academic medical center between the first 6 months and through the first and second years of implementation. The NSQIP has been extended to private-sector hospitals since 1999, but little is ...

Inching toward optimum patient safety by training personnel is the prime aim of the ongoing medical education. To assess whether lectures targeted to improve quality care in ICU could improve ICU practitioners' knowledge levels and to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching. In this paired controlled trial, 50 ICU practitioners, i.e., ...

The purpose of this study is to report the device lessons learned from an emergency tourniquet program and, in particular, to emphasize analysis of discarded devices recovered after clinical use. Discarded tourniquet devices were analyzed after use in emergency care of war casualties to determine wear and tear patterns, effectiveness ...

Translation of published guidelines to clinical practice through continuing medical education (CME) can be effective at changing provider practice patterns and patient outcomes. Yet, cost-effectiveness analyses of CME interventions are rare. This study analyzed the cost-effectiveness of a CME program for improving patient hypertension outcomes relative to usual care. A ...

Ogaya, S, Ikezoe, T, Soda, N, and Ichihashi, N. Effects of balance training using wobble boards in the elderly. J Strength Cond Res 25(9): 2616-2622, 2011-Few studies have examined balance training of elderly people using wobble boards. This study assessed the effects of wobble board balance training on physical function ...

A systematic review of evidence for the efficacy of environment-based interventions on the affect, behavior, and performance of people with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias was conducted as part of the American Occupational Therapy Association's Evidence-Based Literature Review Project. Thirty-three reports met inclusion criteria. Results suggest that ambient music, aromatherapy, ...

A recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a dual parent and trainer-delivered qigong massage intervention for young children with autism resulted in improvement of measures of autism as well as improvement of abnormal sensory responses and self-regulation. The RCT evaluated the effects of the parent-delivered component of the intervention. Forty-seven ...

PURPOSE:To estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of amblyopia screening at preschool and kindergarten, the authors compared the costs and benefits of three amblyopia screening scenarios were compared to no screening and to each other: (1) acuity/stereopsis (A/S) screening at kindergarten, (2) A/S screening at preschool and kindergarten, and (3) photoscreening at ...

Aims:  To examine the cost-effectiveness of personal smoking cessation support in Vietnam. Design, setting and participants:  We followed up the population aged 15 and over in 2006 to model the costs and health gains associated with five interventions: physician brief advice; nicotine replacement therapy (patch and gum); Bupropion; and Varenicline. ...

The presence of Matthew effects was tested in students of varying reading, spelling, and vocabulary skills. A cross-sequential design was implemented, following 587 Grade 2 through 4 students across five measurement points (waves) over 2 years. Students were administered standardized assessments of reading, spelling, and vocabulary. Results indicated that the ...

To what extent do the results of randomized controlled trials inform our predictions about the effectiveness of potential policy interventions? This crucial question is often overlooked in discussions about evidence-based policy. The view I defend is that the arguments which lead from the claim that a program works somewhere to ...

The present study investigated the effects of the KiVa antibullying program on students' anxiety, depression, and perception of peers in Grades 4-6. Furthermore, it was investigated whether reductions in peer-reported victimization predicted changes in these outcome variables. The study participants included 7,741 students from 78 schools who were randomly assigned ...

ABSTRACTBackground: Dementia places a huge demand on healthcare services; however, a large proportion of the cost is borne by informal caregivers. With the number of people affected by dementia set to increase in the future, there is a need for research to consider the effects of interventions on informal caregivers ...

Previous research on the effect of class size on student ratings of instruction has primarily investigated the effect of class size on the favorableness of these ratings rather than its effect on their reliability (dependability). A few studies have used "generalizability theory" to demonstrate the relative effect of class size ...

School practitioners working from an evidence-based practice framework are expected to implement interventions that are effective with students. In the current study, the authors explore the feasibility of that expectation in light of the availability of critical effect size information necessary for making informed intervention decisions. Effect sizes for 51 ...

The impacts of current and alternative wheat crop protection programs were compared in outdoor pond mesocosms in a 10-month long study. Realistic exposure scenarios were built based upon the results of modelling of drift, drainage and runoff of pesticides successively applied under two environmental situations characteristics of drained soils of ...

Abstract Background: With the addition of new agents for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) (e.g., fingolimod), there is a need to evaluate the relative value of newer therapies in terms of cost and effectiveness, given healthcare resource constraints in the United States. Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of natalizumab ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in the United States compared to basic supportive therapy without DMT for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: Using data from a longitudinal MS survey, we generated 10-year disease progression paths for an MS cohort. We used first-order annual Markov ...

An intervention study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of an innovative self-modeling photo-training method for reducing musculoskeletal risk among office workers using computers. Sixty workers were randomly assigned to either: 1) a control group; 2) an office training group that received personal, ergonomic training and workstation adjustments or 3) ...

Abstract Testosterone (T) is thought to affect a variety of traits important for fitness, including coloration, the size of sexual ornaments, aggression, and locomotor performance. Here, we investigated the effects of experimentally elevated T and locomotor training on muscle physiology and running performance in a nonterritorial male lizard species (Aspidoscelis ...

Background and Objective: β-Thalassaemia is a major public health problem in Thailand. Use of appropriate iron-chelating agents could prevent thalassaemia-related complications, which are costly to the healthcare system. This study aimed to evaluate the cost effectiveness of deferoxamine (DFO), deferiprone (DFP) and deferasirox (DFX) in Thai transfusion-dependent β-thalassaemia patients from ...

Deficiencies in procedural competency compromise patient safety and the quality of care provided. Educators in prelicensure nursing programs are challenged to design effective instruction to develop psychomotor skills abilities among novice learners. Highly contextualized learning and frequent opportunities for performance rehearsal promote knowledge retention and procedural competence. The author discusses ...