Purpose: The present study was aimed to determine whether endoscopist specialty is associated with high-quality endoscopy. Materials and Methods: We prospectively collected endoscopy quality related data based on the Endoscopy Quality Rating Scale (EQRS) of 277 endoscopy units in a hospital setting from the National Cancer Screening Program of Korea ...

Medical Education 2012: 46 : 201-215 Context  Performance-based workplace assessments are increasingly important in clinical training. Given the inaccuracy of self-assessment, the provision of external feedback to residents about their clinical skills is necessary for the development of expertise. However, little is known about the processes used by faculty members ...

BACKGROUND:: Second-look endoscopy after initial therapeutic endoscopy for bleeding peptic ulcer disease may decrease the risk of rebleeding; however, it is not recommended routinely. Understanding conditions under which second-look endoscopy is beneficial might be useful for clinical decision making. METHODS:: Using a decision model, literature-based probabilities, and Medicare reimbursement costs, ...

Objectives  To establish levels of handwashing after defecation among students at the University of Cape Coast in Ghana, and to test hypotheses that gender and washroom environment affect handwashing behaviour. Methods  Data on students' handwashing behaviour after defecation were collected by structured observations in washrooms. Eight hundred and six observations ...

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a quality control program on reducing errors in the generation of 3D images. The average monthly error rate in reports by six 3D technologists (0.5-11 years of experience) using standardized clinical protocols was observed over 3 months. A training ...

Does motor learning generalize to new situations that are not experienced during training, or is motor learning essentially specific to the training situation? In the present experiments, we use speech production as a model to investigate generalization in motor learning. We tested for generalization from training to transfer utterances by ...

: Risser staging is one of several criteria used in scoliosis screening programs. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of a radiologist's Risser interpretations from a large metropolitan scoliosis-screening program when compared to interpretations of 2 pediatric orthopaedic surgeons and 2 orthopaedic residents. : During the 2008 to 2009 ...

Sustainability of an occupational sun safety program, Go Sun Smart (GSS), was explored in a randomized trial, testing dissemination strategies at 68 U.S. and Canadian ski areas in 2004-2007. All ski areas received GSS from the National Ski Areas Association through a Basic Dissemination Strategy (BDS) using conference presentations and ...

Objectives. To design, implement, and assess the effectiveness of using a live video teleconferencing system to connect the main campus and a satellite campus during laboratory compounding exercises in a doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) program.Design. A new laboratory facility with identical equipment and supplies to the main campus was built ...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of partnering with engineering students and critically examining the merit of the problem identification and analyses students generated in identifying sources impeding effective turnaround in a large university department of diagnostic radiology. Turnaround involves the time and ...

Weight-based victimization has become increasingly reported among overweight youth, but little is known about adolescents' perceptions and observations of weight-based teasing and bullying. This study examined adolescents' observations of and reactions to weight-based victimization toward overweight students at school. Adolescents (N = 1555) at 2 high schools in central Connecticut ...

Medical Education 2011: 45: 1048-1060 Objectives  This study was intended to develop a conceptual framework of the factors impacting on faculty members' judgements and ratings of resident doctors (residents) after direct observation with patients. Methods  In 2009, 44 general internal medicine faculty members responsible for out-patient resident teaching in 16 ...

This study aimed to characterize the use of five critical safety behaviors by tree fallers at different skill levels, and to test the feasibility of using a helmet camera to observe work activities directly in a remote environment. Small cameras were mounted on standard hard-hats. Video data were obtained for ...

Teaching the fundamentals of clinical neurology to medical students is fraught with difficulty.(1,2) While most teachers agree on the primacy of a student eliciting a comprehensive and coherent history as part of formulating a diagnosis, opinion is divided on the role of the neurologic examination in the diagnostic process. Some ...

INTRODUCTION: The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) was introduced in the Dutch breast cancer screening programme to improve communication between medical specialists. Following introduction, a substantial variation in the use of the BI-RADS lexicon for final assessment categories was noted among screening radiologists. We set up a dedicated ...

Many medical schools have incorporated experiences with representational or figurative art into the curriculum in an effort to improve learners' powers of observation, visual diagnostic skills, and pattern recognition skills or to enhance communication skills, foster teamwork, and/or improve empathy. The Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern ...

PURPOSE: The Art Rounds program uses visual thinking strategies (VTS) to teach visual observation skills to medical and nursing students at the University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio. This study's goal was to evaluate whether students' exposure to VTS would improve their physical observation skills, increase tolerance for ...

Objective. Body trunk measurement for human plays an important diagnostic role not only in conventional medicine but also in Sasang constitutional medicine (SCM). The Sasang constitutional body trunk measurement (SCBTM) consists of the 5-widths and the 8-circumferences which are standard locations currently employed in the SCM society. This study suggests ...

Since about 1880, the eggs and sperm of sea urchins have been used for the study of fertilization, the metabolic activation of development and gene regulatory mechanisms governing embryogenesis. Sea urchin gametes are a favorite material for observations of the process of fertilization in advanced high school, community college, and ...

Observation of clinical teaching is a powerful tool to develop faculty teaching skills. However, the process of being observed can be intimidating for any educator. Our aim is to assess interest in an Observation of Teaching Program within an academic surgical department. An electronic survey asking faculty to indicate interest ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of a new multi-institutional program of direct observation and report what faculty observed and the feedback they provided. METHODS: A program of direct observation of real patient encounters was implemented in 3 pediatric residency programs using a structured clinical observation (SCO) form to document what ...

Given the pervasiveness of stress and anxiety in our culture it is important to develop and implement interventions that can be easily utilized by large numbers of people that are readily available, inexpensive and have minimal side effects. Two studies explored the effectiveness of a computer-based heart rate variability biofeedback ...

This study informs community science, and seeks to narrow the research-to-practice gap, by examining how the interpersonal networks within a setting influence individuals' use of interventions. More specifically, it explores the role of two network mechanisms-cohesion and structural similarity-in urban elementary school teachers' use of interventions designed to improve academic ...

Teacher self-efficacy refers to the beliefs teachers hold regarding their capability to bring about desired instructional outcomes and may be helpful for understanding and addressing critical issues such as teacher attrition and teacher use of research-supported practices. Educating students with autism likely presents teachers with some of the most significant ...

In this article, we describe a specific technology for training/supervision and research on the working alliance in either individual or couple/family therapy. The technology is based on the System for Observing Family Therapy Alliances (SOFTA; Friedlander, Escudero, & Heatherington, 2006), which contains four conceptual dimensions (Engagement in the Therapeutic Process, ...

Background:  Obtaining consent before engaging patients in teaching activities is essential. The presence of medical students as observers in the operating theatre is sometimes overlooked as a form of teaching activity, in which patients could have become unwitting or unwilling participants. Purpose:  To investigate patients' attitudes towards student observers in ...

The present study examines the impact of the HealthWise South Africa prevention intervention on condom use self-efficacy. Students from the Cape Town area were assessed at the beginning and end of each school year, beginning in the 8th grade and ending in the 11th. The intervention was delivered in 12 ...

Training in and assessment of consultation skills are high on the agenda of vocational training institutes for postgraduate training. There is a need to establish valid and reliable instruments to assess consultation skills in authentic settings. We investigated the number of assessors and observations needed to achieve reliable assessments of ...

The neural adaptations that accompany strength training have yet to be fully determined. Here we sought to address this topic by testing the idea that strength training might share similar mechanisms with some forms of motor learning. Since ballistic motor learning is accompanied by a shift in muscle twitches induced ...

A high prevalence of risk behaviors among the rapidly growing Latino youth population in the United States adds urgency to the need to identify effective recruitment and retention strategies for research studies and prevention programs. The objectives of this study are to (a) describe the culturally responsive recruitment and retention ...

In laparoscopic surgery, the role of camera holder often falls to untrained medical students. Laparoscopic-naive students can easily acquire laparoscopic camera navigation (LCN) skills, yet it is unclear whether this translates into improved LCN performance in the operating room and whether students retain these skills over time. The purpose of ...

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effect on problem behaviors of a universal school-based prevention curriculum of third grade students. METHODS: Six regular classes in 1 elementary school were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 208) or control (n = 209) group. A 13-session program was offered to students in the ...

This study examines antecedents and behavioral outcomes of employees' perceptions of organizational support for development. We first propose that employees' past participation in formal developmental activities and experience with developmental relationships positively relate to their perceptions of organizational support for development. We then propose that perceived career opportunity within the ...

Abstract Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two potential methods for increasing participant compliance with behavioral self-monitoring (BSM). Design. A randomized 2 × 2 factorial design was used to evaluate the effects of target behavior choice (choice vs. assigned) and self-management skills training (training vs. no-training) on ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess whether planning and problem-solving training is more effective in improving functional capacity in patients with schizophrenia than a training program addressing basic cognitive functions. METHODS: Eighty-nine patients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned either to a computer-assisted training of planning and ...

BACKGROUND: Military training has a high dropout rate but the role of occupational stress is not known. AIMS: To examine the relationship between occupational stress and outcome of training. METHODS: A study of occupational stress in 476 army recruits (as measured in Week 4 of 23 weeks of basic military ...

Converging evidence from neurological patients and functional brain imaging studies strongly supports the notion that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), especially in the left hemisphere, plays a critical role in both the programming (i.e., setting the initial movement parameters of the reach) and the online control of goal-directed reaching movements. ...

STUDY DESIGN: A three and six months follow-up in a randomized controlled trial. BACKGROUND: Back School has become a widespread exercise program for low back pain (LBP), since its introduction in 1969. Back School could improve quality of life (QoL), but there are controversial data regarding its effectiveness. AIM: To ...

BACKGROUND: Student observation of surgical procedures is standard practice performed at the discretion of the attending surgeon and the participating medical facility. The goal of our study was to evaluate patient, physician, and operating room (OR) staff opinions concerning student observation of surgical procedures at different levels of academic training. ...

The purpose of the study was to assess the attention level of middle-school students by providing a group of students with the opportunity for an additional one hour of sleep in the morning by delaying school starting time by one hour, as compared to another group received no additional sleep. ...

PURPOSE:: The object of this study was to assess, in cost-effective measures, 3 different models for pediatric first-aid training among caregivers and teachers. METHODS:: Quasi-experimental design was used. A stratified random sampling method was used to obtain 1282 teachers working at nurseries and kindergartens in Shanghai that consists of 18 ...

Rats were trained in a triangular-shaped pool to find a hidden platform that maintained a constant relationship with two sources of information, an individual landmark and one part of the pool with a distinctive shape. In Experiment 1, shape learning overshadowed landmark learning but landmark learning did not overshadow shape ...

The impact of deafness on a child's rated executive functioning behaviors and performance capabilities on neurological, cognitive, and achievement domains were examined in a sample of 22 deaf students (ages 5 to 18). The parent and teacher ratings on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) showed significant positive ...

Nurses need to be competent and confident in performing drug calculations to ensure patient safety. The purpose of this study is to compare an interactive e-drug calculations package, developed using Cognitive Load Theory as its theoretical framework, with traditional handout learning support on nursing students' drug calculation ability, self-efficacy and ...

It has become axiomatic that assessment impacts powerfully on student learning. However, surprisingly little research has been published emanating from authentic higher education settings about the nature and mechanism of the pre-assessment learning effects of summative assessment. Less still emanates from health sciences education settings. This study explored the pre-assessment ...

In an investigation of students' potential biases toward gay and lesbian instructors, 93 female and 59 male undergraduates viewed a lecture, rated the instructor and perceived learning, and completed a lecture-retention test. Lectures were given by a man or woman, identified as straight or gay or lesbian. Sexual orientation did ...

Companies are spending a great deal of time and money to install codes of ethics, ethics training, compliance programs, and in-house watchdogs. If these efforts worked, the money would be well spent. But unethical behavior appears to be on the rise. The authors observe that even the best-intentioned executives may ...

Describe the workload of French residents in surgery presently in training and analyze the factors influencing the quality of this training. Mail questionnaire sent between June and September 2009 to French surgical residents. Items analyzed included demographics, hospital working time per week, post-call time off, planning of a fellowship after ...

This national study of addiction-treatment organizations' implementation of evidence-based practices examines: (1) organizational/leadership factors associated with director (n = 212) attitudes regarding staff resistance to organizational change, and (2) organizational/staff factors associated with staff (n = 312) attitudes regarding evidence-based clinical training. Linear regression analyses, controlling for type of treatment ...

This study tested a series of models predicting household expectations of participating in hurricane hazard mitigation incentive programs. Data from 599 households in Florida revealed that mitigation incentive adoption expectations were most strongly and consistently related to hazard intrusiveness and risk perception and, to a lesser extent, worry. Demographic and ...