Because the two systems directly affect each other, the Social Security Administration (SSA) has had a long-standing interest in workers' compensation. In some cases, workers' compensation fills the gaps in protection not covered by Social Security and, in others, it may duplicate such protection. Since 1965, Social Security disability benefits ...

Postmortem examinations have been reimbursed under Part A of Medicare and as a reimbursable expense of the pathology department by Blue Cross. As diagnostic-related group reimbursement is implemented, hospitals are likely to cut costs by reducing the number of autopsies. Third-party payers representing the private sector will protect the interests ...

January 1, 1974, marked the beginning of the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program for the aged, blind, and disabled, and also marked the end of a 14-month period of preparation that began on October 30, 1972, when President Nixon signed into law the Social Security Amendments of 1972 (Public Law ...

This notice announces the monthly actuarial rates for aged (age 65 or over) and disabled (under age 65) enrollees in the Medicare Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI) program for calendar year 1984. It also announces the monthly SMI premium rate to be paid by all enrollees during calendar year 1964. The ...

In December 1979, the number of persons receiving State supplementary payments under the Supplemental Security Income Program for the Aged, Blind, and Disabled totaled 1,942,000. By December 1981, the number totaled 1,875,000--a decline of 67,000 or 3 percent. This decrease paralleled the reduction in the number of persons receiving Federal ...

The Polish Government, in 1977, inaugurated a new pension program that made old-age and invalidity benefits available for the first time to most farmers in that country. The evolution and eventual failure of that program were closely intertwined with a growing national economic crisis, manifested in widespread popular unrest and ...

This article, Appendix K to the Report of the National Commission on Social Security Reform, presents actuarial cost estimates for possible revisions to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) and Health Insurance (HI) programs. These projected alternatives cover major options for resolving both the short-range and long-range financing problems ...

This study, originally a background paper for the National Commission on Social Security Reform and published as Appendix J in the Commission's Report, outlines the dimensions of the financing problem the Commission addressed. Prepared by Robert J. Myers, the Commission's Executive Director and a former Deputy Commissioner and Chief Actuary ...

By the end of 1980, the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program was making monthly cash assistance payments, averaging $170, to almost 4.2 million aged, blind, and disabled persons. When SSI payments began in January 1974, the number of recipients was 3.2 million and the average payment was $117. Since 1975, ...

Social Security Disability Insurance is a federally created and regulated insurance plan. The definition of disability as it relates to work capacity is exclusively the purview of government administrators. The primary physician's opinion has little, it any, impact on decision. Administering this insurance scheme requires the quantification of illness as ...

The Social Security Administration (SSA) is proposing to amend its regulations to implement section 505 of the Social Security Disability Amendments of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-265). That section requires the Secretary to conduct experiments and demonstration projects to test alternative conditions and limitations for stimulating the return to work of ...

It is believed by many that the cost of the Social Security program currently is considerably higher than it had been estimated that it would be when the program was enacted in 1935. The analysis in this article indicates that the cost of the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance program in ...

The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-35), enacted on August 13, 1981, contained a provision to eliminate the minimum-benefit provision under the Social Security program for both current and future beneficiaries. Although a large majority of the members of both Houses of Congress accepted the measure in ...

Risk management is an organized activity designed to reduce the risk of legal claims and minimize the awards that arise as a result of professional and general negligence by the staff of an institution. As a result of the malpractice crisis, the accompanying unprecedented rise in insurance costs, and the ...

We are revising and reorganizing our general rules on eligibility (Subpart B) under the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. These rules describe who may get SSI benefits, how long a person's eligibility lasts, and the reasons why a person who would otherwise be eligible for SSI benefits might not get ...

Many industries have initiated testing programs designed to identify workers who are especially vulnerable to workplace assaults by carcinogenic or mutagenic agents. This paper examines a number of legal issues attendant on such programs, including disclosure and consent, confidentiality, and other potential liability-producing factors. This paper also briefly looks at ...

This article summarizes the principal design features of the Income Survey Development Program (ISDP) and presents initial findings of its 1979 Research Panel. The ISDP was designed to meet the need for improved data--particularly information on cash and in-kind income, assets and debts, tax liabilities, and participation in the major ...

In this article, the Commissioner of Social Security traces the legislative development and summarizes the final form of changes in the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) and Medicare programs incorporated in the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-35). This legislation, signed into law by President Reagan ...

This article addresses a range of questions about participation and nonparticipation in the supplemental security income (SSI) program with data collected by the Survey of Low-Income Aged and Disabled (SLIAD) during 1973 and 1974: (1) Can SSI's relatively modest growth be attributed to initial overestimates of the eligible population or ...

This article describes the legislative history of Public Law 96-265, the Social Security Disability Amendments of 1980, and contains a summary of the provisions of the new law. In passing these major disability insurance and supplemental security income provisions, the Congress hoped to improve the equity of the program, remove ...

Costs of administering old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) are of interest both to specialists in income maintenance and to the general public. This article presents a summary of these expenses compared with several important bases: Contribution income, benefit payments, and taxable payroll. An index is developed and used to ...

Workers' compensation is one of the few State-administered income-maintenance programs operating throughout the United States. The national "system" to provide benefits for work-caused disability and death actually consists of 50 independent State operations and several special Federal programs. The Social Security Administration developed and continues to improve basic statistics to ...

The Social Security Administration is responsible for administering assistance programs not only to needy citizens but also to lawfully admitted aliens who require such aid. It therefore is interested in the economic situation of all the Nation's inhabitants, including refugees. This article examines the status of one such group--the Indochinese ...

The current financial outlook for the old-age, survivors, disability, and health insurance (OASDHI) program indicates several problems. During 1980-84, income and outgo for the OASDI and hospital insurance (HI) trust funds combined are roughly in balance, according to the annual report of the Board of Trustees. The OSI program, however, ...

The possibility of false or inadvertent reprogramming increases with the availability of different and more complex programming mechanisms. A case of spurious programming during application of the Vitatron MPA1 analyzer to a Medtronic impulse generator (IPG) is described and the nature of the phenomenon is explained. It is concluded that ...

This article summarizes the major provisions of the West German social security system, briefly outlining coverage, funding sources, and unique features of insurance programs concerned with old age, invalidity and death, sickness and maternity, work injury, and unemployment. The universal program of family allowance and the means-tested program of social ...

Contrary to the impression left by historians, neither welfare expansion nor welfare reform died in the 1950s. Even conservatives believed in the necessity of federal spending for welfare. Disagreements came over the proper ways to spend federal money. The Eisenhower administration propagated a rehabilitation approach in an attempt to use ...

Social welfare expenditures under public programs reached $362.3 billion in fiscal year 1977, which covered the 12-month period from October 1, 1976, to September 30, 1977. This figure was about $30 billion higher than the $331.9 billion spent in fiscal year 1976 (July 1, 1975, through June 30, 1976) and ...

The optometric educator needs insurance against malpractice suits. A survey was made of the policies available at twelve schools and colleges of optometry in the United States. The object of this survey was to compare the various protections offered by the optometric institutions and also to inform the educators of ...

To insure the success of an inservice education program in radiology, it is necessary for persons with the responsibility for it to base all programs on the needs of the patients, department, technologists, and other workers. In determining these needs and applying solutions to meet these needs, a systematic approach ...

There are now 675 funded community mental health centers (CMHCs), covering almost half the country. Many of these programs were funded in the social optimism of the 1960s and now face a crisis of purpose and funding. Additional requirements imposed by the 1975 amendments to the CMHC act are not ...

Current projections for ophthalmology manpower needs in the year 2000 suggest that the number of new ophthalmologists trained should be frozen at 500 a year. Factors that would cause a need to train more ophthalmologists would be a shorter workweek or workyear, an increased length of time for each patient ...

Legislation drafted in Switzerland in 1975--77 aims at countering the effects of inflation and recession by bringing increased revenues into the system, reducing expenditures, devising a mechanism to adjust pensions automatically, and improving income maintenance for the unemployed. The proposed legislation to place the social security system on a sound ...

The Social Security Amendments of 1977 resulted in substantial improvement in the current and projected financial condition of the OASDI program. This article reviews the causes of the recent operating deficits, describes the effects of the amendments that most influence the program's financial status, and gives projections of income and ...

During 1973, interviews were conducted with more than 11,000 adult assistance recipients in the Survey of the Low-Income Aged and Disabled. The sample members were reinterviewed during the last 3 months of 1974, approximately 1 year after the implementation of SSI. This article analyzes the impact of SSI on the ...

In 1977, reorganization of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare brought together in the Social Security Administration three major income-maintenance system--old age, survivors, and disability insurance; supplemental security income; and aid to families with dependent children. These are distinct and separate programs differing in purpose and in methods of ...

A thorough understanding of the financing structure of social security is a prerequisite to serious discussion of the financial condition of the program. In examining this structure, it becomes clear that the most important test of the program's financial soundness is whether expected future income to the funds equals expected ...

A survey of developments in the social security systems of more than 125 countries from 1971 to 1975 found that most programs are undergoing significant growth. This pattern is reflected primarily by the adoption of additional programs and new provisions designed to raise benefit levels, provide flexibility in retirement practices, ...

Background and structure of the New York State Occupational Therapy Association and the committees assigned to implement legislative procedures are explored, followed by a description of the methods used to mobilize the membership to secure legislation to license occupational therapists. Workshops were given to educate the membership in the legislative ...

The organizational dimensions of the shift in aging policy from a services strategy to an income strategy are examined. With data from the first year of a longitudinal study of the impact of the new Supplemental Security Income program in the United States, hypotheses about the local-level effect of federally ...

The authors outline the current position of psychiatrists in the United States regarding their vulnerability to lawsuits for malpractice. They review the various activities of the American Psychiatric Association on behalf of its members, especially its endorsement and supervision of a professional liability program for review and control of losses.

A number of population scholars have asserted that social security programs such as old-age programs lead to decreased fertility levels because parents need not rely on children for "security" in old age. There is, however, a paucity of empirical data on the above. This paper analyzes 67 countries and shows ...

Almost daily developments in market conditions, cost controls and awareness, and the systems used to deliver insurance products have created a new challenge for associations interested in offering maximum benefits to their memberships. This article is the first of a series to discuss the impact of these changes on association ...

The accompanying article of Horo witz et al. concluded with the view that the COSPAR recommendations re garding Mars should be adjusted to re flect new environmental information. Specifically, it was concluded that viable terrestrial microorganisms which are transported to Mars inside solid components in sealed spaces have a low ...

I have attempted to confine this article to an analytic description of the operations of the commission's personnel security program. This program has been analyzed critically and in detail by a number of individuals. I have not attempted to take issue with criticism, for this is not the purpose of ...