Although less common than conventional front caster wheelchairs, rear caster wheelchairs are still in use for several reasons. Many people find manual rear caster wheelchairs easier to maneuver indoors at slow speeds. This is especially true when the user attempts to maneuver the wheelchair very close to an object, such ...

When students are taught psychomotor skills in the mandibular arch and transfer to the maxillary arch, there is a continued desire to depend upon direct vision, which results in early acquisition of poor postural habits. This study examined differences in psychomotor performance between dental students beginning with direct and indirect ...

Time and money have been invested in the implementation and evaluation of the national Follow Through Project in the United States. Although the project has been successful in many respects and has generated a fairly extensive literature within psychology, education, and the other social sciences, relatively little theoretical attention has ...

A program was developed to calculate the exposure rate resulting from airborne gases inside a reactor containment building. The calculations were performed at the location of a wall-mounted area radiation monitor. The program uses Monte Carlo techniques and accounts for both the direct and scattered components of the radiation field ...

This investigation examined the extent to which attitudes of doctors who participated in a one-year training programme for general practice changed in intended directions by training. A large number of questionnaires, validated in earlier research, were administered to 84 trainee general practitioners (GPs) both at the start and at the ...

Using variations of the movement precue method, this study sought to define the operational characteristics of motoric decisions that govern the planning and preparation of arm, direction, and extent of movement. Experiment 1 examined how these parameters are programmed when the precue method does not confound motoric and nonmotoric decision ...

A FORTRAN program, called AUTOSCAN, is described. This program permits the collection of photomicrographic data from serial sections to be semiautomated. In essence the user defines a box around a microscopic field of interest. Then the program drives the stage incrementally in the x and y directions, taking photographs of ...

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TWOFOLD: to examine the effects of imitating children's spelling errors alone and in combination with visual and verbal cues on spelling accuracy and retention among poor spellers and to compare the effectiveness of student-directed versus teacher-directed spelling instruction on children's spelling accuracy and retention. ...

In 1975, Social Security beneficiaries were given the option of having their monthly benefit payments sent directly to their banks through an electronic funds transfer system. Since then, beneficiaries have been enrolling in this program in rapidly increasing numbers. At the end of 1976, fewer than 5 million beneficiaries--14 percent ...

Others have shown that amphetamine given to normal rats causes turning in a particular, preferred direction in most animals. We have studied the effect of training on amphetamine-induced behavioral and biochemical asymmetries in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Water deprived animals were trained to circle either in the same or opposite direction ...

A group of Black, urban, teenage males from the Central Detroit catchment area were certified through the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act's (CETA) Summer Youth Employment Program to participate in a Youth and Self-Esteem project. The project's objective was to expose the participants to older Black males who have made ...

There is an increasing concern that the curricula of many medical schools put too heavy an emphasis on memorization of facts and little stress on problem solving or self-directed study skills necessary for the practice of medicine. Problem-based, self-directed learning is a teaching-learning method specifically designed to emphasize these skills ...

The proposed revisions have been developed to address problems of fragmentation, inconsistency, and lack of balance in advanced prosthodontic education. Minimum didactic and clinical requirements for each subdiscipline are clearly indicated in the proposed "Requirements," and programs will no longer be directed to provide special emphasis in one subdiscipline. It ...

Tested the hypothesis that inconsistencies found in research on the relationship between Zen meditation and self-actualization were due in part to the existence of a learning period for Zen meditation. It was hypothesized that increases in self-actualization would be observed only after the completion of the learning period. The Personal ...

Residential centers for children with diabetes in Germany, Netherlands, Scotland, and Denmark were visited during 1979 and 1980 to determine applicability of this approach to North American needs. Information was updated in 1982 and data from France added. Duration of patient stay was from one month to many years. All ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of preference for structure and a self-directed learning (SDL) project on the SDL readiness of junior-class baccalaureate nursing students. The sample was divided into a control group consisting of two sections (N = 50) who did not conduct an SDL ...

Since introduction of endoscopic cannulation of the ampulla of Vater, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography has become a widely used procedure for evaluating suspected biliary tract and pancreatic disease. ERCP is a somewhat sophisticated technique that can be successfully mastered by the trained endoscopist after a reasonable commitment of time and good ...

A spike train may be represented by a superposition of Dirac delta-functions. One of the simplest ways of converting such a comb function into a continuous function is to use a Fourier transform. In general there are two possibilities, both of which have their disadvantages: the direct transform which is ...

An economical, computerized system was developed for producing the annual schedule of monthly assignments for medical house officers. This program can generate schedules that conform to the individual preferences of the house officers while meeting the requirements of the residency program. As a result, more individual requests of the house ...

The relative merits of the Astrand nomogram and the CHFT formula for prediction of maximum oxygen intake (VO2max) have been tested in 35 men and women during performance of the advanced version of the Canadian Home Fitness Test in a laboratory setting. Prior to training, systematic errors relative to direct ...

The GENE-TOX program, a two-phase evaluation from the existing literature of selected bioassays for detecting mutagenicity and presumptive carcinogenicity, is described. Sponsored and directed by the Office of Testing and Evaluation within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, this program will aid EPA in ...

A survey of urologic training programs was undertaken to determine the clinical usage of needle biopsy technics in evaluating prostatic disease. The most popular procedure was transperineal (57%), performed on an inpatient basis (62%). Transrectal biopsy was slightly less popular (43%), with 100% of the surveyed institutions using prebiopsy antibiotic ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the number of procedures necessary to become proficient in flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination. I performed 99 bronchoscopic procedures during a formal training program under the direct supervision of instructors with varying experience. There were no statistical differences in the bronchoscopic accuracy among ...

Helium appears indispensable for certain energy-related uses that may be important 50 years from now, when helium-bearing natural gas, a much cheaper source than air, may be exhausted. Present demand, however, is lower than productive capacity, and much helium is being dissipated into the atmosphere as natural gas is burned ...

This study suggests that: (1) a program directed at a specific town and coordinated by a local community group is more effective in transmitting poison control knowledge than is a statewide poison prevention week effort; (2) that transmission of educational material is optimized through programs directed at a specific age ...

Board members hold in trust the welfare of voluntary organizations and are also responsible for the broad direction of the institutions they serve. They must be highly qualified, willing, and capable individuals who can formulate institutional policy in such a way that they eschew the extremes of mere validation on ...

Enhancement of creativity through various educational "training" methods or external factors fostering creative production has long been demonstrated. The assumption has been that creativity exists as a given quantity in trait form, or that progressive learning takes place. Social observational modeling is investigated here as a technique that can both ...

Ten university students each learned four separate six-link response chains, two forward and two backward. All 10 subjects made fewer errors in the forward procedure. It was concluded that the forward procedure is superior because each link of the response chain is acquired by direct reinforcement.

The background and development of a multicategory direct observation system, the Behavior Observation Instrument (BOI), is described. This time-sampling procedure for recording the behavior of persons is demonstrated in several treatment settings and the results applied to issues of program evaluation. Elements that have prevented direct observation from being widely ...

The Medical Directives of the E.E.C. are now in force. Those relating to basic registration and specialist registration in anaesthesia are considered. Problems arising from the implementation of these Directives are discussed together with their impact on British anaesthetists wishing to work in other E.E.C. States as well as on ...

A naturally occurring experiment, in which direct supervision of a token economy in a penal system was removed and re-instated, is reported. A retrospective analysis revealed that in the absence of close supervision the use of response cost rose dramatically, both in terms of categories of behaviors for which response ...

The co-operation of histones and nonhistones in the known models can sufficiently explain the control of processes occurring within the differentiated cells. To give an explanation--on the same basis--for changes during ontogenesis and for manifestation of the development's program, a new model is needed which supposes the existence of a ...

Three clases of second graders served as subjects in this study of the effects of two types of intervention programs upon stealing: (1) an antistealing lecture with no specific contingency implied, and (2) a direct group contingency applied, whereby children were rewarded with (a) extra free time for no thefts, ...

A commercially available antimicrobial mouthrinse was evaluated among students in Mexican boarding schools. The application was made daily for 3 months under the direct supervision of the project personnel. The observations indicated that the use of this mouthrinse decreased gingivitis substantially in comparison to the use of a control rinse ...

The autokinetic movement responses of 10 American, 10 Chinese, and 10 Iranian students to religious symbols and control stimuli were measured. The hypothesis of differential direction response as a function of the target shapes was supported. Iranian students did show a pattern of responding significantly different from the American and ...

The therapeutic technique of symptom prescription has been used by practitioners from a variety of clinical schools. This article reviews techniques based on learning theory, symptom redefinition, paradoxical intention, and directive therapy, among other approaches. A conceptual framework for understanding these various approaches is offered, utilizing data from psychoanalysis, learning ...

In order to calculate the thicknesses of protective barriers requried in departments of radiodiagnosis for walls, floors, ceilings, protective screens, etc., it is necessary to make an assessment of work load and occupancy factor in each direction. In order to ensure that barriers are safe, it is customary to assume ...

THREE METHODS OF CONTROLLING DISRUPTIVE LUNCHROOM BEHAVIORS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN WERE COMPARED: basic modification procedures, basic modification procedures plus punishment essays, and basic modification procedures plus mediation essays. During an in-service workshop, six paraprofessional lunch aides received training in these methods to modify three classes of disruptive lunchroom behaviors. ...

Based on a study of student nurses' expectations at the start of their Project 2000 training, this article, the second of two, argues for the need to develop a new approach to self-directed learning. Termed the cooperative model, it places emphasis on tutors providing initial direction and leadership so that ...

Direct estimate of the penetrance of the fra(X) gene was compared with the estimate using the Pointer computer program. Direct estimate gave overall penetrances of 85% for male and 64% for female carriers. The estimates calculated by the Pointer program were 82% for males and 38% for females. It is ...