This case study describes the experience of the Massachusetts Medical Society Violence Prevention Program. Beginning in 1996, this program developed materials to support physicians who wanted to incorporate violence prevention into primary care and urgent care practice. With technical assistance from the Harvard Youth Violence Prevention Center, the society produced ...

This article describes the development of a problem-based learning case focused on youth violence prevention. Development of the case involved: a review of the literature on youth violence prevention and youth violence prevention education, drafting of a fictitious case that integrated prominent themes in the literature, review of the case ...

Training practitioners to use evidence-based approaches to the primary prevention of violence is challenging as a result of the dearth of well-evaluated intervention programs and the lack of familiarity of some practitioners in drawing critically on existing literature. An element of the National Training Initiative in Injury and Violence Prevention, ...

Prevention programs are a valuable component of the comprehensive services offered at school-based health centers (SBHC). Reducing risky adolescent behaviors is an effective way to reduce the morbidity and mortality burden among the school-age population. Programs using peer educators and youth-initiated websites can increase knowledge and self-esteem and help reduce ...

In response to aggressive marketing of tobacco to college students, Florida's legislature allocated multi-settlement agreement dollars to fund tobacco prevention programming at state institutions of higher learning. The Student Tobacco Reform Initiative: Knowledge for Eternity (STRIKE) was one such program. Its purpose was to increase awareness and support college student ...

An action research design was conducted in two villages of Mueang District, Kanchanaburi Province to assess the effectiveness of a community-based approach program. Knowledge, perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, and regular larval survey behavior were measured for program outputs. Container Index (CI), House Index (HI), and Breteau Index (BI) were used to ...

Based on the results of a recent study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, target these areas of operations to improve departmental performance and demonstrate program success to the surrounding community: If your transfer percentages are increasing in a certain specialty, increase your scope of services to include ...

This paper examines prevention programming for African American girls by placing the prevention process within the larger African and African American cultural context. We provide an overview of the theories and issues we consider most relevant to African American culture, including Africentric theory, ethnic identity, gender identity and relational theory, ...

A broad consensus has been achieved regarding the importance of early primary and secondary interventions for children in academic domains for the purposes of improving overall academic competencies and preventing low achievement that often leads to a diagnosis of specific learning disability (SLD) and long-term special education placement. The characteristics ...

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this paper is to provide a detailed description of Internet-based sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus prevention in the 8 US cities most affected by syphilis in men who have sex with men. GOAL: By reviewing the efforts under way in these 8 cities, we will understand ...

Recent approaches to drug prevention have turned to focus on comprehensive strategies that target early risk factors and that strengthen protective factors in adolescence. OBJECTIVE: To develop a drug prevention program that is evidence-based and conceptually sound for the Chinese community. STUDY GROUP: The "Astro" project was designed for high-risk ...

This article describes a school-based preventive pilot project for recent immigrant children, designed to decrease anxiety and intergroup tensions associated with the Iraq war. Results suggest that clinicians should address the multiplicity of meanings associated with international events when planning a prevention program in multiethnic schools to help children to ...

Violence in schools and its prevention have become focal points for research, practice, and policy. This study investigated the effectiveness of the Second Step violence prevention curriculum on all fourth and fifth grade students (N = 455) in one small urban school district. Scores on tests measuring knowledge of the ...

PURPOSE: To describe lessons learned from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Community Coalition Partnership Program (CCPP) about building a community's capacity to prevent teen pregnancy through strengthening of partnerships, mobilization of community resources, and changes in the number and quality of community programs. METHODS: A multi-component post-test-only evaluation. ...

PURPOSE: This article summarizes the experiences of 13 grantees funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention under the Community Coalition Partnership for the Prevention of Teenage Pregnancy in collecting, analyzing, and disseminating data as required under the requirements of this community-based demonstration project. While describing the challenges associated ...

PURPOSE: The Community Coalition Partnership Program for the Prevention of Teen Pregnancy provided a unique laboratory for observing how youth development projects were implemented in 13 community-based settings. This article focuses on the scope of these efforts, the content of the projects, and their expected outcomes. METHODS: The investigators inventoried ...

BACKGROUND: Depressive disorders in adolescents are a widespread and increasing problem. Prevention seems a promising and feasible approach. METHODS: We designed a cognitive-behavioral school-based universal primary prevention program and followed 347 eighth-grade students participating in a randomized controlled trial for three months. RESULTS: In line with our hypothesis, participants in ...

The Safe Dates Project is a randomized trial for evaluating a school-based adolescent dating violence prevention program. Five waves of data were used to examine the effects of Safe Dates over time including primary and secondary prevention effects, moderators, and mediators of program effects. Using random coefficients models, with multiple ...

There is a widening gulf between the effectiveness of interventions for preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa and other regions of the world. Compared with long-course, triple antiretroviral regimens used in Brazil, Europe, and the United States, most countries in sub-Saharan Africa use a less effective regimen ...

PURPOSE: To describe a positive youth development program that was successfully designed and implemented in partnership with a Vietnamese American community and to provide insight into the types of outcomes that can result from such programs in similar communities. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted with Vietnamese community leaders (n = ...

Ever increasing demands for accountability, together with the proliferation of lists of evidence-based prevention programs and policies, led the Society for Prevention Research to charge a committee with establishing standards for identifying effective prevention programs and policies. Recognizing that interventions that are effective and ready for dissemination are a subset ...

The Community Coalition Partnership Programs for the Prevention of Teen Pregnancy (CCPP) was a seven-year (1995-2002) demonstration program funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Division of Reproductive Health conducted in 13 U.S cities. The purpose of the CCPP was to demonstrate whether community partners could mobilize ...

Gay bathhouses have long been subject to community and public health pressures owing to the perceived link between the behaviors associated with these settings and various sexually transmitted infections. The straightforward solution of closing gay bathhouses has not worked for long when it has been tried. The more complex approach ...

ISSUE ADDRESSED: This paper explores the evaluation objectives of a suicide prevention program known as the Regional Trainers Sustainability Plan. The program aims to train practitioners to intervene appropriately where they come into contact with individuals who show suicide risk. As evaluators we argue for the critical role of impact ...

This article describes a two-phase community and academic collaboration funded by the California Collaborative Research Initiative to develop and test the feasibility of an innovative HIV prevention program relevant to the needs of the population of inner-city Latino teen parenting couples and realistic for implementation in community settings. The article ...

Community-researcher partnerships can be powerful mechanisms to understand and effectively address health and social problems such as HIV/AIDS prevention. When the partnership is a positive, productive one, the combined expertise and energy of both parties result in a more effective program and a better evaluation of its effects. This article ...

The Government White Paper Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation (1999) provides a clear indication that accidents are a serious public health problem and have been targeted by the Department of Health as a key area for prevention over the next 10 years. School-based injury prevention programmes have been identified as ...

To be able to generalize studies, it is important to know whether responders and nonresponders differ significantly. These data are usually not available. To assess whether responders and nonresponders differed significantly, 319 first and second graders in Greifswald, Germany took part in a compulsory dental school examination. Their parents completed ...

The California Wellness Foundation's Violence Prevention Initiative (VPI) was a 70 million dollars, 10-year effort to reduce violence among California youth. The Policy and Public Education Program of the initiative advanced two broad policy goals: (1) limiting the availability of handguns to youth, (2) increasing the state's investment in youth ...

Youth suicide continues to be one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Nation wide it is the third leading cause of death in the 10-24 year old age group. The rate of suicide varies somewhat from state to state. In the state of Kentucky, youth suicide ...

In a 46-site, 5-year high-risk youth substance abuse prevention evaluation, effect sizes were adjusted using a meta-analytic regression technique to project potential effectiveness under more optimal research and implementation conditions. Adjusting effect size estimates to control for the impact of comparison group prevention exposure, service intensity, and coherent program implementation ...

This study describes the risk factors for and prevention of tobacco use among young people. Risk factors show differential importance along the course of tobacco use development. The contents of an effective prevention effort vary as a function of the age of target group. However, the mediation of the effects ...

The model of prevention science advocated by the Institute of Medicine (P. J. Mrazek & R. J. Haggerty, 1994) has not lead to widespread adoption of prevention and promotion programs for four reasons. The model of dissemination of programs to communities fails to consider community and organizational capacity to implement ...

Depression is a disorder that can have particularly deleterious effects on individuals from racial/ethnic minority and low-income backgrounds. Culturally appropriate prevention programs offer a way to provide accessible and effective mental health services to these underserved populations. The authors introduce the Family Coping Skills Program (FCSP), a novel depression prevention ...

The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of the primary prevention program "Everybody's Different" among fifth grade school children. Pre and post measurements were made in both the intervention and control groups regarding body image, weight concern, emotional well-being, attitudes and behaviors associated with ...

Public policy initiatives have begun to recommend that interventions have strong evidence of effectiveness before there is expenditure of restrained public funds. The Nurse Family Partnership (NFP), a home visiting program for low-income parents expecting their first child, has been identified as a preventive intervention program that meets high evidentiary ...

This paper describes the evaluation of an innovative approach to tackling the issue of childhood accident prevention in the home, in a deprived inner city and multi-ethnic community in the north of England. Three local mothers were recruited and trained to take on the role of peer educators. The evaluation ...

This paper examines the important contribution that teachers and other educators (including health educators, school nurses, school counselors, school psychologists, and sports coaches) have to offer in the prevention of eating disorders and child obesity. Our paper notes the important contribution of school educators whilst warning of the current need ...

This paper describes an evaluability assessment of CDC's Rape Prevention and Education (RPE) Program conducted to establish a baseline description and understanding of the current activities and goals of the program, revisit and update program performance measures, and identify opportunities for CDC to provide training and technical assistance to states. ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We evaluated the effect of two programs for the prevention of falls leading to acute hospital admission in a population of elderly community-dwelling Danish residents. METHODS: This was a factorial, pragmatic, intervention study. We included 9605 community-dwelling city residents aged 66+ years. We offered a prevention program ...

From a random sample of members of the 2000-2001 membership directory of the American Association of School Administrators (AASA), public school administrators' acceptability ratings of three school-based programs for the prevention of adolescent suicide were examined. A total of 210 (46%) respondents examined a description of a suicide prevention program ...

A paucity of information regarding tobacco use among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youths impedes prevention programs. The aim of the present study was to conduct formative qualitative research regarding subpopulations at risk for tobacco use, protective factors, patterns of use, and approaches to prevention. This report focuses on ...

A prevention program for disordered eating was evaluated. Grade 9 girls (N = 173) were assigned to a prevention intervention (n = 114) or a no-treatment control group (n = 59). High-risk, but not low-risk, girls reported significant improvements in body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and interoceptive awareness at post-intervention. ...

AIMS: Driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol is among the most common and serious alcohol-related problems experienced by US college students. Community-based prevention trials using environmental approaches to DUI prevention have been effective in reducing DUI. Such interventions remain untested in college settings. This study is the first to ...

Preparing junior scientists for careers in the health sciences has become an immense challenge for many reasons, including the emerging demand for multidisciplinary approaches to solving problems in the health sciences. For those choosing careers in hybrid and interdisciplinary fields, the "traditional" postdoctoral training model may not perform well, particularly ...

This paper examines factors associated with the adoption of evidence-based substance use prevention curricula (EBC) in a national sample of school districts. Substance abuse prevention coordinators in public school districts (n = 1593), which were affiliated with a random sample of schools that served students in Grades 5-8, completed a ...

BACKGROUND: Severe burns in children can result in prolonged suffering, disability, disfigurement, and in impaired physical and mental development. Hospitalization rates of children with burns are much higher than for children with other trauma. Therefore, various child burn prevention programs have been implemented, but their efficacy has been evaluated only ...

The African American community has played an influential role in generating change. Grass-roots organizations and concerned individuals can be included in programs designed to increase cancer awareness and cancer early detection practices to ultimately eliminate cancer disparities. The utilization of a formalized Community Health Advisors program can be an infrastructure ...

It is difficult to draw causal conclusions about the effectiveness of secondary prevention programs for adolescents at risk, when the programs use a variety of different interventions. The Action Plan is an instrument that is designed to make collection of such data possible. This allows calculating different kinds of intervention ...

Occupational therapy practitioners offer services to workers in the workplace to prevent musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), to help the injured worker restore function, and to recover capacities needed to return to the job. Despite the existence of some evidence about the efficacy of prevention programs, there is uncertainty and even disagreement ...