CONTEXT: Writing is an important skill for practitioners and students, yet this is a skill rarely taught in a formal capacity at medical school. At the University of Adelaide many students are from non-English speaking backgrounds and have varying proficiencies in English. We wished to devise a method and instrument ...

The purpose was to investigate the relationship of self-reported study habits to anxiety about learning foreign languages. 219 college students from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds were enrolled in either Spanish, French, German, or Japanese classes. Correlational analyses, using the Bonferroni adjustment, indicated that students with the highest anxiety about ...

EPA2000 is a program for the assessment of off-line measured metacognitive skills and arithmetical performances in primary school children with mathematical-learning disabilities. The program is designed as a script engine. The concept makes it possible to modify and translate the test into different languages without reprogramming. A user-friendly script editor ...

An overview of multisensory structured language (MSL) techniques used to teach a foreign language to at-risk students is outlined. Research supporting the use of MSL techniques is reviewed. Specific activities using the MSL approach to teach the phonology/orthography, grammar and vocabulary of the foreign language as well as reading and ...

The first of these two studies compared college students with dyslexia enrolled in modified Latin and Spanish classes and non-dyslexic students enrolled in regular foreign language classes on measures of foreign language aptitude, word decoding, spelling, phonological awareness and word repetition. The groups did not differ on age or grade ...

Although nonstandard dialects of English are legitimate forms of spoken language used by many Americans, students in U.S. schools must acquire writing competence using Standard English (SE). Participants in this study were 3rd- and 4th-grade African-American students who exhibited Black English Vernacular (BEV) features in their written work. Six syntactic ...

The difficulties which many dyslexic students encounter in the learning of the English language often extend to the learning of a foreign language in school. Although this problem has been acknowledged for some time, and although the learning of a modern foreign language is a core element in the Scottish ...

The study examined factors associated with teachers' ratings of functional communication skills of students with cochlear implants. Deaf students living in and around a metropolitan area were surveyed to locate 51 with cochlear implants. Teachers rated each student's functional use of the implant, given three defined ratings. Additional information regarding ...

In this paper the authors discuss how the concept of dynamic (cognitive) assessment and instruction might relate to the assessment and instruction of at-risk foreign/second language learners. They describe its relevance to a diagnostic/prescriptive approach to instruction for teaching a foreign language to students with identified dyslexia and other at-risk ...

The management of dysphagia is the largest recognized subspecialty in the field of speech-language pathology. Practicing speech-language pathologists require a comprehensive theoretical and functional knowledge base to underpin the safe and effective management of people with dysphagia. Students need to develop an understanding of the normal integrated swallow and how ...

Knowledge of word meanings and the ability to use words are fundamental to nearly every interaction of every day. Beginning long before formal schooling, vocabulary skills underpin many aspects of communicative, social, and academic well-being. Thus, evaluation of vocabulary knowledge and use is central to any complete assessment of language ...

The purpose of this article is to review research dealing with the use of ASL in teaching English and literacy. I review some of the literature (and direct readers to additional sources) that indicates that early learning of ASL need not create concerns for future development of English structure, speech, ...

Designers of medical computing applications increasingly require terminology support for their systems. Yet, terminology systems today lack standard methodologies for providing terminology support. This invariably means increased implementation time and expense for system developers who need to use terminologies in their applications. We introduce Terminology Query Language (TQL), a simple ...

This study explores the hypothesis that there may be particular difficulties for secondary school students with specific developmental language disorder (SDLD) in understanding contextual, pragmatic meaning. Sixty-four SDLD students aged 11+ to 14+ years are compared with chronological-age-matched and language-age-matched non-impaired students. New procedures are used to examine comprehension of ...

Children with hyperlexia read words spontaneously before the age of five, have impaired comprehension on both listening and reading tasks, and have word recognition skill above expectations based on cognitive and linguistic abilities. One student with hyperlexia and another student with higher word recognition than comprehension skills who started to ...

Can language use reflect personality style? Studies examined the reliability, factor structure, and validity of written language using a word-based, computerized text analysis program. Daily diaries from 15 substance abuse inpatients, daily writing assignments from 35 students, and journal abstracts from 40 social psychologists demonstrated good internal consistency for over ...

This study examined the production and perception of English vowels by highly experienced native Italian speakers of English. The subjects were selected on the basis of the age at which they arrived in Canada and began to learn English, and how much they continued to use Italian. Vowel production accuracy ...

In this study, we compared the cognitive, academic achievement, and demographic profiles of 46 students from one university who had been classified as learning disabled (LD) and had received permission to substitute courses for the university's foreign language (FL) requirement (petition group) with the profiles of 21 students from the ...

We trained a patient with expressive aphasia and a deficit in phoneme-to-grapheme conversion to produce spoken English verbs with correct tense morphology. After training, he showed evidence of generalization to production of written regular, but not irregular, verbs in a sentence completion task. These data support dual-route, rule-based models within ...

OBJECTIVE: A study was conducted to determine if bibliographic retrieval performed by French-speaking end users is impaired by English language interfaces. The American database MEDLINE on CD-ROM was used as a model. METHODS: A survey of self-administered questionnaires was performed at two libraries of Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2 University, during ...

A systems approach is used to examine the barriers to collaboration found in the working practices of speech and language therapists and teachers. Functional, structural and systems-environment barriers are found, but few process barriers, which may explain why good collaborative practice can be found in the field. The differences that ...

We explore how evolutionary game dynamics have to be modified to accomodate a mathematical framework for the evolution of language. In particular, we are interested in the evolution of vocabulary, that is associations between signals and objects. We assume that successful communication contributes to biological fitness: individuals who communicate well ...

Minimum stimulation levels for active electrodes in a Nucleus 22 cochlear implant were set at threshold (clinical default value) and raised levels (M = +2.04 dB) to determine if raised levels would improve recipients' understanding of soft speech sounds with the SPEAK speech coding strategy. Eight postlinguistically deaf adults participated ...

PURPOSE: To explore the use of standardized patients for evaluating medical student's proficiency in speaking English. METHOD: In 1995, using a language rating scale constructed by the authors, six standardized patients evaluated the English-language proficiencies of 127 second-year medical student undergraduates enrolled at the University of Adelaide, Australia, many of ...

This article describes the Guckenberger lawsuit from the perspective of the attorneys who litigated the case on behalf of Boston University. It first discusses the events leading to the lawsuit, including then-Provost Jon Westling's speeches, his articulation of new policies regarding documentation for accommodations requests, and the university's refusal to ...

It has been observed for decades that some students have a particularly difficult time learning another language. Colleges and universities have an obligation to offer special language programs designed to help these students succeed in their attempts to learn another language. However, for those few students who cannot learn another ...

The purpose of this study was 1) to describe the relationship between electrically evoked auditory brain stem response (EABR) thresholds and the behavioral measures needed to program the speech processor of the CLARION Multi-Strategy Cochlear Implant, and 2) to determine whether the relationship between EABR threshold and the behavioral levels ...

PURPOSE: To describe the rationale, content, and results of a group creative writing program to increase adolescent self-esteem and self-efficacy. METHODS: Subjects were low-income, at-risk minority youth (N = 11). Free writing in response to specific exercises, sharing their own stories in their own language, and responding to their peers ...

The present research documents the American English usage frequencies for 136 verbs that occur with noun phrase and tensed sentence complements (e.g., accepted, noun phrase complement: The student knew the answer yesterday, tensed sentence complement: The student knew the answer was correct). This class of verbs has been the focus ...

The effect of productivity (a correlate of suffix frequency) on students' derivational suffix use was investigated with students with and without language-learning disabilities (LLD). Sixty-nine elementary- to middle-school-age students participated in an elicitation task (in which they produced derived forms) and a forced-choice task (in which they selected derived forms) ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of singing paired with signing on receptive vocabulary skills of elementary English as a Second Language (ESL) students. Eighty children attended language sessions in one of the following rehearsal conditions: sung text paired with signs, spoken text paired with signs, ...

The Educational Interpreter Performance Assessment, or EIPA, is an evaluation tool designed specifically for educational interpreters. An evaluation using the EIPA considers the child's grade level, the sign language or sign system that the interpreter is using as well as any other child-specific factors. Fifty-nine educational interpreters were evaluated using ...

Inappropriate sexual behaviour by clients or patients of health professionals has been noted as a considerable problem in a number of professions. Similarly, sexual harassment by colleagues or employers has been identified as causing stress and harm. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the experience of speech-language ...

Technology can assist both standardized and nonstandardized language assessment. Standardized test records can be rapidly and accurately scored, and the potential exists for entirely computerized test administration. Sounds and images can be captured and then played or displayed on a computer, creating stimulus sets that elicit language for nonstandardized analysis. ...

The Folstein Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) is a simple, widely used, verbally administered test to assess cognitive function. The Java Speech Application Programming Interface (JSAPI) is a new, cross-platform interface for both speech recognition and speech synthesis in the Java environment. To evaluate the suitability of the JSAPI for ...

Educational exchange programs have a long academic history. Through such programs, students expand their knowledge of cultures in their home country and the larger world. Typically, students learn about a particular substantive area, such as politics, economics, health care, or language. There is also a loftier goal: to encourage understanding ...

A common language, or terminology, for representing what clinicians have said and done is an important requirement for individual clinical systems, and it is a pre-requisite for integrating disparate applications in a distributed telematic healthcare environment. Formal representations based on description logics or closely related formalisms are increasingly used for ...

An important outcome of education for speech-language pathology practice is the ability to analyze voices perceptually, a complex task that is often difficult for novices. This article describes an interactive multi-media package, "A Sound Judgement," that is designed to help students develop skills in perceptual voice analysis and to link ...

In this paper, the details of processing algorithms used in a training program with language learning-impaired children (LLI's) are described. The training program utilized computer games, speech/language training exercises, books-on-tape and educational CD-ROM's. Speech tracks in these materials were processed using these algorithms. During a four week training period, recognition ...

The effects of speech output and orthographic feedback on spelling performance were evaluated in this preliminary study. A nonspeaking student with autism was taught to spell words under three feedback conditions using a voice output communication aid. In the auditoryvisual condition, the participant received speech output and orthographic feedback. In ...

In recent years there has been an explosion of interest in American Sign Language (ASL), the language used by Deaf Americans. As a result, an unprecedented number of schools and agencies now offer ASL classes. This welcome development signals growing awareness of and respect for the American Deaf community and ...

Analyses of surveys of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in schools for the Deaf across the United States enable a profile of SLPs' scope of practice, caseload size and characteristics, and delivery of services, as well as features of programs through which they serve students. The findings are compared to previous results ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether anxiety reported by students while studying foreign language courses in college was similar for 253 college students from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds, who were enrolled in either Spanish, French, or German classes. Analysis indicated no difference in anxiety about foreign ...

This paper describes the development of a script language to support the implementation of decentralized, clinical information applications on the World Wide Web (Web). The goal of this work is to facilitate construction of low overhead, fully functional clinical information systems that can be accessed anywhere by low cost Web ...

The quality of collaboration between teachers and speech and language therapists (SLTs) in Glasgow's four primary language units is discussed with reference to a scale of three levels of co-operation: nominal, convenient and committed. Although there are some aspects of the relationships that exist between teachers and SLTs which would ...

At the dawn of the 21st century, we are experiencing an exponential growth of online information that is mostly textual, and that benefits from new electronic media, such as the World Wide Web (WWW), to be broadly diffused across borders. However, there is a gap to bridge between holding information ...

This paper describes the collaboration between a speech and language therapist and a special needs teacher to provide an intensive phonics-based programme of reading and spelling instruction in the context of a literacy summer school for students about to enter secondary school. The students' reading and spelling abilities were tested ...

This paper describes the development of an interactive distributed multimedia system (PATSy). When completed, it will serve as a repository of brain-injured clients and their test data for use by speech and language therapy students and researchers. In education, PATSy will be a resource which is flexible enough to accommodate ...

As natural language processing systems become more frequent in clinical use, methods for interpreting the output of these programs become increasingly important. These methods require the effort of a domain expert, who must build specific queries and rules for interpreting the processor output. Knowledge discovery and data mining tools can ...

This paper presents a paradigm that will help speech and language therapists learn how to improve their therapy and achieve the scientific goals of intervention more effectively and efficiently. The paradigm arises from the presenters' extensive clinical experience and represents a convergence of relatively diverse models of teaching and learning. ...