The anatomic characteristics of the vagus nerve were described by Galen in the second century AD, and its physiology was studied by Pavlov almost a century ago. Therapeutic possibilities of vagal denervation of the stomach was explored by several surgeons in the first quarter of this century. The most auspicious ...

This study was designed to explore the influence of a unit of instruction in developmental psychology upon the self-concept and academic achievement of 13-year-old adolescents. Participants were 82 junior high school students in British Columbia. Forty-three students received ten 45-minute instructional sessions dealing with the principles of adolescent development; 39 ...

In an era where funding for social service and related agencies is becoming increasingly scarce, the sharing of staff, resources, and expertise between multiple agencies is one way to compensate and by so doing, improve therapeutic recreation service delivery. This concept, known as networking, is one that was adopted by ...

The concepts of having fun and being aware of feeling states are presented as two critical factors in ski racing. First, the positive motivational characteristics of 'fun' are outlined. It is suggested that fun is not only a concept for young athletes but elite ones as well. Preliminary data based ...

Large volumes of radioactive materials are shipped daily over the nation's highways, by air, and by other transportation modes for a variety of purposes. These shipments include those intended for nuclear medicine applications. Shipments are governed by the Federal Department of Transportation, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and, for international shipments, ...

We describe the frequency with which various statistical techniques are reported in almost 5,000 articles published in five major American oncology journals during 1983 and 1984. A reader familiar with about a dozen techniques can expect to understand approximately 90% of the quantitative concepts cited in these journals. With the ...

Some common scientific practices cannot quite be called lying, though they are potentially, and sometimes deliberately, deceptive. Some examples are the failure to explain to readers all the weaknesses in data, statistical testing of post hoc hypotheses, fragmentary or selective reporting of findings, and reporting as "negative" a study that ...

This presentation reveals a little-known area of Robert Waelder's work. As his literary executor, I have been privileged with access to his unpublished material, notes, and correspondence. And, of course, I am familiar with his mode of thinking. I wish to pass on some of this knowledge. What cannot be ...

A Student Attitude Survey was administered to high school seniors to determine attitudinal and behavioral factors associated with participation in a longitudinal cardiovascular risk factor screening program. Health beliefs, attitudes, and practices were assessed as were altruism, social skills, self-concept, conformity, and academic class standing. Male participants showed higher self-concept ...

The earlier attempts to explain the process of learning were briefly reviewed. The limitations of these attempts led to the origin of the closed-loop concept of learning and motor performance. The analogy between the concept and a closed-loop machine model was explained in order to substantiate the relevance of this ...

This paper examines four concepts of Head Start that are of particular concern for minorities: community control, parent involvement, comprehensive services, and cultural diversity. Recognizing the ingenuity, appeal, and resilience of Head Start, the challenge of the 1980s is to maintain, advocate for, and monitor program quality. Recommendations to this ...

Educably mentally retarded (EMR) students and nonhandicapped students from their mainstream classes completed semantic differential ratings of a stereotypic popular teen-ager, juvenile delinquent, and special education student. Subjects also rated their global self-concepts and situation-specific self-concepts within the mainstream and the special class settings. Ratings were done at the beginning ...

This historical review reveals that our profession has a solid understanding of occupation and its meaning to the injured or ill worker. Pioneer occupational therapists developed elemental concepts of work, basic skills of evaluation, and therapeutic uses of work skills. Our last generation of therapists has added theories and vital ...

Hazard communication is made up of several basic concepts and key elements. The concepts of risk management, product information, documentation, employee training and compliance are individually discussed providing a basis for developing a program. An important part of any program is effective implementation. One key element, the Material Safety DAta ...

In summary the major variations in these two conceptions of curriculum include definitions of curriculum and learning, sources of curriculum and instructional content, technical language and underlying these their basic orientations. Yet, the two share intents in the areas of curricular theory, structure, teaching, development, and evaluation. The significance of ...

52 learning disabled students were assessed to evaluate the relationships among self-concept and (a) school achievement, (b) maternal self-esteem, and (c) sensory integration abilities. Of these variables, perceptual motor abilities as measured by the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests contributed to reported self-concept of learning disabled students.

Comparative studies contribute substantially to our understanding of the function and structure of the hand. Introduction of the term "working space" proved to be useful for the development of a phylogenetic concept of hand function. It seems likely that there is a functional continuum within the working space of the ...

A review of the principle of constancy, as it appeared in Freud's writings, shows that it was inspired by his clinical observations, first with Breuer in the field of cathartic therapy and then through experiences in the early usage of psychoanalysis. The recognition that memories repressed in the unconscious created ...

College students (N = 120) participated in experiment concerning the influence of self-statements following failure on subsequent symptoms of learned helplessness. One third of the students were given solvable concept-formation problems (nonhelpless condition) and two thirds were given unsolvable concept-formation problems (helpless condition). A multivariate analysis of variance revealed a ...

Communication is the essence of the process of psychotherapy. Understanding the parameters of communication can form the foundations for the development of psychotherapeutic skills in the student therapist. Using learning objectives within the context of teaching psychotherapy, the process of communication in individual psychotherapy is explored in this paper. With ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the differential influence of students' expression of effort, school, teachers' expectations, sex, being handicapped/non-handicapped, grade, teachers, and race on self-concept of 28 handicapped and 108 non-handicapped children in mainstreamed physical education classes (K-3). The Martinek-Zaichkowsky Self-concept Scale measured self-concept and two unpublished ...

The author argues against conceptions of the current state of psychiatry that either accept eclecticism as natural or treat some specific biological or psychodynamic model as the true core of psychiatry. He presents a unified program for biological and psychodynamic explanation and therapy. The biological aspect of this agenda supports ...

The "silent substitution" method, which has become well-known mostly through the work of Rushton and his collaborators, can be traced back to experiments performed by M. Ishihara under Exner's supervision at the beginning of the century. Rushton provided a theoretical framework for the method with the enunciation of his "principle ...

An increase in malpractice claims is only one indication of the problem physicians and attorneys have in their interprofessional relations. This note explores the factors, such as increased specialization and social responsibility, that have given these professionals a myopic view of their respective roles. The note suggests that the crisis ...

The first interview presents dilemmas to the psychiatric practitioner. Is he or she to concentrate in objective-descriptive fashion, observing symptoms and signs, seeking the likely syndrome or disease concept? Is he or she to work associatively, toward unconscious themes as developed by the psychoanalytic schools? Would an existential approach be ...

Competency-based orientation is efficient and effective. It allows individual learning needs to be met without sacrificing achievement of consistent standards. The system does require a large initial investment in the development of learning options and assessment of evaluation tools. It also requires the commitment of nurse managers and administrators to ...

The consortium concept is being investigated by clinical programs in an age when accountability in education is of great concern. The Combined Programs in Medical Technology at the University of Nebraska Medical Center is presented as a model affiliation emphasizing individual program autonomy while contributing the strengths of each to ...

Ninety-six male alcoholics were tested before and after a 4-week residential rehabilitation program. One-half of the subjects were residents of a VR treatment center which stressed development of internal controls and the attribution of responsibility to self. The other half were patients at a VA hospital which fostered considerable dependency ...

There is a body of evidence which supports the concept of biological determinants of hemispheric asymmetry. In addition, there appear to be environmental influences. the present investigation was designed to determine whether there are differences, on the Stroop phenomenon, between individuals with more developed spatial skills and controls, as well ...

This paper will primarily examine four concepts: emotional learning disabilities, adolescence, self-esteem, and the social-psychological concept of "significant others." Problems of definition will be discussed, with a literature review, and an attempt will be made to integrate all four of the above-mentioned concepts. The emphasis will be in applying a ...

This study investigated the relationship between frontal bilateral EEG coherence, H-reflex recovery (an index of CNS flexibility), and solution of a concept learning problem on which the correct concept is reversed during the task. It also assessed the longitudinal effect of the TM-Sidhi program on concept learning among the same ...

A seminar utilizing a videotaped course of actual consecutive psychotherapy sessions with an experienced therapist and his patient has unique advantages in teaching concepts of transference. The experience provides a role model that demonstrates the therapeutic use of transference. Learning takes place by identification with the therapist on cognitive, affective, ...

The author describes, categorizes, and appraises psychiatric training programs on the basis of how each handles psychoanalytic concepts. He suggests rationales for including a proper balance of psychoanalytic conceptualizations in each type of program. Some emphasis complementing a balanced curriculum is recommended. He also notes that the psychiatrist is both ...

Before the 1970's rarely did the non-profit area make use of the management theories which have so long determined the future of commercial businesses. Today, with costs on the upswing, non-profits are seeing their way towards employing the strategies of business and committing themselves to institutional development for greater giving. ...

This paper constitutes an initial attempt to establish specific end-point objectives for the teaching (and learning) of individual psychotherapy skills. A working framework for teaching psychotherapy, which includes intrapsychic as well as interactional phenomena, is articulated. The framework also tries to achieve an integration of basic concepts of psychotherapy and ...

Changes in the self-concept of TMR children as a function of experience in a physical activity program were evaluated. The self-concept of a group of students was measured before and after participation in a 5-week ski program. A control group received similar pre- and postmeasures of self-concept but did not ...

Investigated the concept of dogmatism as a defense mechanism and the role of threat in the synthesis of new beliefs by examining the effects of dogmatism on changes in state anxiety (A-State) during the analysis and synthesis of new beliefs. Sixty female college students were selected on the basis of ...

The concept of affirmative action has been the subject of much controversy in the past. Opponents of the concept believe that it provides preferential treatment for minorities and females based upon factors of race and sex that are both unconstitutional and illegal. Proponents believe the concept is needed to make ...

Data compiled over seven years present evidence that small-group or "cluster" carrels are successfully utilized by medical students in a learning resource center (LRC) and, therefore, should be considered to be an efficient method of managing space, software, and hardware. Three management concepts account for high utilization of an LRC ...

Balanced occlusion in eccentric positions for complete denture occlusion is an acceptable and widely practiced concept. Many methods have been described for achieving balanced occlusion. The technique outlined in this article uses amalgam stops generated on a programmed Hanau Model H2 articulator. The posterior occlusal scheme used to facilitate this ...

Child psychiatry training programs have encountered a number of administrative problems resulting from efforts to recognize, without isolating or submerging, the unique aspects of child psychiatry within existing departments of psychiatry. This paper questions the validity of the concept of general psychiatry, which may be responsible for many of these ...

Criterion referenced evaluation instruments are used to determine student achievement in a competency based educational systems. The general concepts underlying competency based education and evaluation are described and the method used to implement these concepts in the Department of Physical Therapy of the Medical College of Georgia are outlined. Student ...

Underlying each aspect of the design of social programs, whether the fund-raising apparatus or the accountability system, is a conception of human behavior. These conceptions, generally implied, are seldom examined, yet their validity determines to a great extent the effectiveness of programs. We have lacked an operational means of translating ...

In response to the need for development of measures to effectively control human dental caries, a postdocroral research training program in cariology has been established at the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry. This article discusses the concept of cariology, the background leading to the development of the program, and ...

This study examined the correlations between academic achievement and factor specific, as well as global, measures of self-concept for 314 fourth and sixth grade boys and girls divided into grade level groups with and without Spanish surnames. The Primary Self-Concept Inventory was used to measure self-concept on six scales: physical ...

Significant increases in body coordination, little change in self-concept, and moderate negative correlations between these variables were found after 12 children participated in an 8-wk. developmental physical activity program. Apparently, while body coordination might be improved by participation in activity programs of short duration, these improvements may not necessarily be ...

In the past ten years, interest in the production and utilization of paraoptometric personnel has risen sharply. Production alone will not meet the demands of the foreseeable future. More effective utilization of the skills of the trained paraoptometric is vital. Current practitioners have been slow to accept new modes of ...

The Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory (CSEI) was administered to 23 Ss diagnosed to have learning disabilities, and normally achieving seventh graders (N = 70) to investigate: a) whether differences exist between the self-esteem of the adolescent with learning disabilities and the normally achieving adolescent, b) the dimensions of self concept ...

The paper is an attempt to illustrate the usefulness of logic as a technique in the clinical training of mental health professionals. The specific concepts that are examined include the nature of deductive and inductive reasoning, hypothesis testing, necessary and sufficient conditions, "if-then" propositions, and the nature of clinical evidence. ...

During recent years, a concept of multipurpose worker has been evolved and is being implemented in certain States. The implementation of this scheme requires continuous evaluation, so that job-description and training strategy could be modified in order to suit requirements and effectively solve the problems that may arise. This paper ...