This article overviews current comprehension of altitude training, which is quite contradictory: many sources declare that altitude training provides no benefits to sea level performances compared to appropriate conventional training while others consider altitude training to be an efficacious and proven tool to enhance high-performance preparation. This contradiction can be ...

Medical Education 2012: 46 : 192-200 Context:  How learners interpret their clinical experiences to create meaningful learning has not been well studied. We explored experiences considered by doctors to be influential in their learning in order to better understand this process. Methods:  Using a grounded theory approach, we interviewed 22 ...

Medical Education 2012: 46 : 216-227 Context  Clinical reasoning is the cornerstone of medical competence. Difficulties in this area are often identified late in clinical training. Studies point to challenges faced by clinical educators in their dual roles as clinicians and educators. Little is known about the common, yet complex, ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Mobile technology is increasingly being used by clinicians to access up-to-date information for patient care. These offer learning opportunities in the clinical setting for medical students but the underlying pedagogic theories are not clear. A conceptual framework is needed to understand these further. Our initial questions were how ...

BACKGROUND: There is a high demand for stroke rehabilitation in the Brazilian public health system which should make undertaking clinical trials straightforward. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to 1) determine the rate of recruitment of community-dwelling stroke survivors into a randomized trial of the effects of strength training ...

The purpose of this study was to repeat a study by Letizia and Jennrich that described and compared perceptions of the clinical post-conference learning environment of undergraduate baccalaureate student nurses (BSN) and faculty. The Clinical Post-Conference Learning Environment Survey (CPCLES) was sent electronically to all traditional and accelerated BSN students ...

BACKGROUND: While games are frequently used in resident education, there is little evidence supporting their efficacy. We investigated whether a spaced-education (SE) game can be both a reliable and valid method of assessing residents' knowledge and an effective means of teaching core content. STUDY DESIGN: The SE game consisted of ...

Fax referral programs quickly and economically can link smokers' visiting primary care clinics to state-based telephone quitlines. Yet, it is unclear how to optimize use of this strategy. To evaluate the potential of enhanced academic detailing in clinics (i.e., on-site training, technical assistance, and performance feedback) to boost utilization of ...

This study sought to quantify the learning curve for the safety and effectiveness of a newly introduced vascular closure device through evaluation of the NCDR (National Cardiovascular Data Registry) CathPCI clinical outcomes registry. The impact of learning on the clinical outcomes complicates the assessment of the safety and efficacy during ...

Background: Undergraduate students' in several Australian medical courses undertake short placements with Paramedics to increase their awareness of biopsychosocial factors affecting health, provide opportunities to apply knowledge and clinical skills in health contexts and to develop inter-professional knowledge. Aim: The purpose of this study was to provide the first report ...

Background The selection of clinical education sites for radiography students is based on availability, access to radiographic examinations, and appropriate student-to-technologist ratio. Radiography program directors are not required to evaluate sites based on their educational validity (eg, the clinical instructor's knowledge of basic teaching and learning principles, how well the ...

Preparing nursing students to become integral members of today's health care team presents educators with unique challenges in both classroom and clinical settings. This study examined the effectiveness of adding high-fidelity simulation to a childbearing clinical course. Our systematic research addressed the importance of evaluating the outcomes of using simulation ...

OPINION STATEMENT: A clinical presentation of a retrochiasmal or homonymous visual field defect (HVFD) usually represents a permanent visual impairment. The visual and functional ramifications of HVFD will vary by patient. Comprehensive care-the clinical evaluation and consideration for treatment of HVFD-includes vision rehabilitation provided by optometrists, occupational therapists, or ophthalmologists. ...

In this study, we investigated whether mixing easy and difficult trials can lead to learning in the difficult conditions. We hypothesized that while feedback is necessary for significant learning in training regimes consisting solely of low training accuracy trials, training mixtures with sufficient proportions of high accuracy training trials would ...

PURPOSE: This study explored third-year clinical teaching encounters from the perspective of the simulated patient (SP) participants. METHOD: In August through December 2008, to obtain data from SPs, the authors used retrospective Think Aloud (rTA) methodology on video recordings of teaching sessions in which the respective SPs had participated. While ...

Over the past 20 years, clinical neuropsychologists have been at the forefront of both scientific and clinical initiatives aimed at developing evidence-based approaches to the evaluation and management of sport-related concussion (SRC). These efforts have directly impacted current policy on strategies for injury assessment and return-to-play by athletes after concussion. ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Training of infectious disease (ID) specialists is structured on classical clinical microbiology training in Turkey and ID specialists work as clinical microbiologists at the same time. Hence, this study aimed to determine the clinical skills and knowledge required by clinical microbiologists. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out ...

Both efficacy and clinical feasibility deserve consideration in translation of research outcomes. This study evaluated the feasibility of rehabilitation programs within the context of a large randomized controlled trial of physical therapy. Ambulant participants with Parkinson's disease (PD) (n = 210) were randomized into three groups: (1) progressive strength training ...

AIM: This paper reports the development and psychometric testing of the Ascent to Competence Scale, an instrument designed to measure nursing students' perceptions of the quality of their clinical placement experience. BACKGROUND: The key purpose of clinical placements is to facilitate students' learning and progress toward the attainment of competence. ...

BACKGROUND: Training simulators have been used for decades with success; however, a standardized educational strategy for diagnostic EGD is still lacking. OBJECTIVE: Development of a training strategy for diagnostic upper endoscopy. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized trial. SETTINGS: A total of 28 medical and surgical residents without endoscopic experience were enrolled. ...

The opportunity to treat neurotologic patients when the patient and physician are in separate locations is an important clinical delivery mechanism. The authors developed their applications of neurotologic telemedicine in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and found this to be an effective way to deliver clinical care, develop a clinical ...

Background:  I have been a clinical tutor for 10 years in Worthing Hospital, UK. During this time I have seen an increased emphasis on classroom teaching, assessments in controlled situations and simulation, rather than on apprenticeship learning during well-supervised clinical working. Context:  At the educational conference on 'Learning without Leaving the ...

Background:  New guidelines require all undergraduate medical students to undertake at least one period of assistantship where they assume most of the responsibilities of a first-year graduate doctor (FY1 doctor in the UK) under supervision. Aim:  To investigate the feasibility of these assistantships. Method:  All UK schools were sent a ...

Many authors and guidelines have proposed to exclude protocol-driven costs from cost-effectiveness analyses alongside clinical trials because they do not occur in clinical practice. This article, however, argues that only costs to improve patient adherence can be excluded, as the underlying protocol-driven activities have a clearly distinguishable cost and utility ...

Philip S. Hench, MD, the first Mayo Clinic rheumatologist, came to Mayo Clinic in 1921. Because of his efforts in patient care, education, and research, and those of his colleagues, Mayo Clinic has been considered the first academic rheumatology center established in the United States. An early, popular lecture he ...

BackgroundBased on changes in core physical therapy (PT) documents and problems with the earlier version, the PT CPI: Version 1997 was revised to create the PT CPI: Version 2006.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to validate the PT CPI: Version 2006 for use with physical therapist (PT) students as a ...

Here, we describe a human physiology laboratory class measuring changes in autonomic function over time in response to atropine. Students use themselves as subjects, generating ownership and self-interest in the learning as well as directly experiencing the active link between physiology and pharmacology in people. The class is designed to ...

This paper addresses a growing need for cost-effective, outcome-based assessment in family therapy training. We describe the ROSCE, a structured, evidence-informed, learner-centered approach to the assessment of clinical skills developed at the University of Rochester Medical Center. The ROSCE emphasizes direct observation of trainees demonstrating clinical competencies. The format integrates ...

PURPOSE. To evaluate the efficacy of a musculoskeletal oncology training module during residency. METHODS. 24 orthopaedic residents with differing years of experience were recruited. 12 of them received musculoskeletal oncology training for 6 months. The remaining 12 were controls who did not attend the training and had no clinical experience ...

Background: Cognitive bias modification (CBM) is a novel treatment for anxiety disorders that utilizes computerized tasks to train attention and interpretation biases away from threat. To date, attitudes toward and acceptability of CBM have not been systematically examined. Method: We conducted qualitative interviews with 10 anxious primary care patients to ...

Evidence for the efficacy of multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplementation has been established by state-of-the-art randomized controlled trials (RCT). These efficacy trials have also provided strong evidence of the widespread occurrence of deficiencies. Trials intended to demonstrate a public health benefit must show that the magnitude of benefit is adequate for ...

The present study investigated to what extent more high aerobic intensity interval training (HAIT) and reduced training volume would influence maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and time trial performance in an elite national cyclist in the pre season period.The cyclist was tested for VO2max, cycling economy (Cc), and time trial performance ...

BACKGROUND: The Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE) has been considered a reliable method for the evaluation of students' clinical skills in health sciences, but it has been rarely applied in the teaching of physical therapy. OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of the OSCE as a tool to evaluate the abilities ...

Workplace learning (WPL) is seen as an essential component of clinical veterinary education by the veterinary profession. This study sought to understand this type of learning experience more deeply. This was done utilising observations of students on intramural rotations (IMR) and interviews with students and clinical staff. WPL was seen ...

Anxiety is characterized by exaggerated attention to threat. Several studies suggest that this threat bias plays a causal role in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders. Furthermore, although the threat bias can be reduced in anxious individuals and induced in non-anxious individual, the attentional mechanisms underlying these changes remain ...

OBJECTIVE:: Recent work suggests that delivery of continuous chest compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an acceptable layperson resuscitation strategy, although little is known about layperson preferences for cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in continuous chest compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We hypothesized that continuous chest compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation education would lead to greater trainee confidence ...

Many nursing students for whom English is a second language (ESL) face challenges related to communication on clinical placement and although clinical facilitators are not usually trained language assessors, they are often in a position of needing to assess ESL students' clinical language performance. Little is known, however, about the ...

BACKGROUND: The Clinical Skills Laboratory has become an essential structure in nurse education and several benefits of its use have been identified. However, the literature identifies the need to examine the transferability of skills learned there into the reality of practice. OBJECTIVE: This research explored the role of the Clinical ...

This paper discusses using human patient simulation (HPS) to expose students to complex dynamic patient cases that require clinical judgment, problem-solving skills, and teamwork skills for success. An example of an HPS exercise used to teach multifaceted clinical concepts in a therapeutics course also is provided.

The Think Health! study evaluated a behavioral weight loss program adapted from the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) lifestyle intervention to assist primary care providers (PCPs) and auxiliary staff acting as lifestyle coaches (LCs) in offering weight loss counseling to their patients. In a randomized trial conducted at five clinical sites, ...

This paper presents two experiments on nutrient-based flavor conditioning with rats as subjects and sucrose as the unconditioned stimulus (US). Experiment 1 was aimed at establishing an optimal control for conditioning, comparing simultaneous and serial presentations of a flavor and the US. The results showed that simultaneous, but not serial ...

This study conducted at the PDM Dental College and Research Institute, Haryana, India, had the purpose of developing a teaching method based upon a five-step method for teaching clinical skills to students proposed by the American College of Surgeons. This five-step teaching method was used to place fissure sealants as ...

Please cite this paper as: de Wit-Zuurendonk L, Oei S. Serious gaming in women's health care. BJOG 2011;118 (Suppl. 3): 17-21. Computer-based (serious) gaming is a new field in medical education, which has the potential to become an important tool for healthcare professionals for learning a range of clinical skills. ...

To achieve the optimum patient outcome one must be able to choose the most appropriate course of action. How this choice is made may not be actively contemplated, and there may be many unrecognized pitfalls for the unwary. An increased awareness of how we think should increase both the efficiency ...

Application of Six-Sigma methodology and Change Acceleration Process (CAP)/Work Out (WO) tools to track pap smear results in an outpatient clinic in a hospital-based residency-training program. Observational study of impact of changes obtained through application of Six-Sigma principles in clinic process with particular attention to prevention of sentinel events. Using ...

The 10-day Intensive Trauma Team Training Course (ITTTC) was developed by the Canadian Forces (CFs) to teach teamwork and clinical trauma skills to military healthcare personnel before deploying to Afghanistan. This article attempts to validate the impact of the ITTTC by surveying participants postdeployment. A survey consisting of Likert-type multiple-choice ...

Over the past 20 years, clinical neuropsychologists have been at the forefront of both scientific and clinical initiatives aimed at developing evidence-based approaches to the evaluation and management of sport-related concussion. These efforts have directly impacted current policy on strategies for injury assessment and return-to-play by athletes after concussion. Many ...

The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) was introduced in undergraduate psychiatry clerkship in 2008. The authors studied the effect of OSCE on the students' performance. The ″short case″ (SC) and ″oral examination″ (OE), two of the five components of the previous assessment format, were replaced with the OSCE. Results were ...

To estimate the effect of work hour restrictions on resident outpatient clinical experience. Schedule templates from academic years 1998-1999 (before work hour restrictions), 2002-2003 (when night float rotation was added in anticipation of work hour restrictions), and 2008-2009 (during work hour restrictions) were compared for outpatient clinic experience before and ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the evidence of psychotherapeutic integrated treatment (IT) programs for individuals with concurrent substance use disorders and trauma histories. Electronic searches of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Web of knowledge, PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, PILOTS, and EMBASE identified 17 IT trials (9 ...