This article reviews the developments during the past decade that have led to a better definition and conceptualization of the term "quality of life." There is growing consensus regarding the dimensions of quality of life, along with an expansion of the number of tools appropriate for measuring quality of life ...

Early cellular evolution differed in both mode and tempo from the contemporary process. If modern lineages first began to diverge when the phenotype-genotype coupling was still poorly articulated, then we might be able to learn something about the evolution of that coupling through comparing the molecular biologies of living organisms. ...

PURPOSE: To simplify the calculation of the life-table method of survival analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A template was developed for use with a popular microcomputer spreadsheet program to perform life-table survival calculations and to perform statistical comparisons between the survivals of groups of patients with use of the log-rank test. ...

This study examined the effect of counseling on the quality of life of individuals with cancer and their family members. Three convenience samples were drawn from a hospital in Southwest Florida. Group A consisted of new participants to a Revised "I Can Cope" Program, which now included a counseling component. ...

Developed the concept of psychological wellness and made the case that proportionally more resources should be directed to the pursuit of this goal. Five pathways to wellness are considered, implicating aspects of individual development and the impact of contexts, settings, and policies. The five pathways are: forming wholesome early attachments; ...

Leisure satisfaction is associated with life satisfaction for older Americans. For those with mental retardation, obtaining inclusive leisure opportunities can be impeded by changes in health and social status, limited access to the community, underdeveloped leisure skills, and the need for support to participate in leisure opportunities. These challenges can ...

An active learning exercise that focuses on movements (circumnutations) of climbing bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; cv. Kentucky Wonder, pole bean) has been successfully incorporated into the curriculum of educational institutions to introduce the subject of chronobiology to students. This didactic activity, which involves an ultradian rhythm, can be completed ...

A questionnaire designed to assess changes in quality of life was sent to 56 survivors of critical illness one year after their admission to an intensive therapy unit. Forty-one patients completed the questionnaire, and for the majority, quality of life remained unchanged (n = 25). However significant decreases in quality ...

The Space Life Sciences Training Program (SLSTP) is an intensive, six-week training program held every summer since 1985 at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). A major goal of the SLSTP is to develop a cadre of qualified scientists and engineers to support future space life sciences and engineering challenges. Hand-picked, ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a standardized training program in intraosseous (IO) infusion for prehospital providers. DESIGN: Prospective multicenter 24-month study. SETTING: IO infusions were performed by prehospital providers from eight advanced life support units serving 14 hospitals within nine counties. PARTICIPANTS: Field advanced life support providers (paramedics and registered nurses). ...

Last summer International Space University (ISU) was held in Huntsville, Alabama. Leading international space experts came to take part in the activities. Dr. Oleg Atkov, a Russian cardiologist who was also a cosmonaut for eight months in 1984, has extensive experience in cardiovascular medicine and first-hand experience in issues of ...

This research examined the storytelling that oftentimes characterizes interaction between grandparent and grandchild. Close to 120 individuals (college students) audiotaped an interaction with one of their grandparents. They were asked to have their grandparent first "tell a story that captures the meaning of life" for them. In addition, the grandparent ...

What can we conclude from these studies? One fact seems certain: there is no simple connection between life events and illness. Whether we get sick from an infection or a negative life experience depends on more than a germ or stress. All disease is multifactorial, and the resources that help ...

As part of its mandate the Space Life Sciences Program within the Canadian Space Agency has worked to increase interest in space and develop young scientists. Projects have been undertaken at the public school and high school level, with classroom resource material and science contests; at the university level with ...

Four different educational programs impacting Space Life Sciences are described: the NASA/USRA Advanced Design Program, the NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training (NSCORT) Program, the Centers for the Commercial Development of Space (CCDS) Program, and the NASA Graduate Research Fellow Program. Each program makes somewhat different demands on the ...

Decisions have to be made about allocating health resources. Currently the best economic evaluation method for doing this is cost-utility analysis. This compares the costs of different procedures with their outcomes measured in "utility based" units--that is, units that relate to a person's level of wellbeing. The most commonly used ...

The prevalence of a wide range of risk-taking behaviour among high-school students in the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, was investigated. In this article, the results for suicidal behaviour are presented. Cluster sampling techniques produced a sample of 7,340 students from 16 schools in the three major education departments. A self-administered ...

This self-directed learning module highlights mid- and late-life effects of early-life disabilities. It is part of the chapter on geriatric rehabilitation in the Self-Directed Medical Knowledge Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This article contains information on how to evaluate, prevent, and manage late complications seen ...

Attitudes toward Special Olympics were examined in a group of 41 experts in the field of mental retardation and 40 parents of participants in the Special Olympics program. Experts completed a 15-item questionnaire that included Likert-type items regarding possible Special Olympics goals and their importance and fulfillment and open-ended questions ...

"Those who fail history are destined to repeat it." Emmett C. Murphy, Ph.D., an international business consultant found that the key to individual and organizational leadership is a heroic commitment to service and the reengineering of the work that it requires. Murphy, whose clients include IBM, General Motors, Johns Hopkins, ...

Personal projects can be described as self-articulated goals and related sequences of actions. In order to investigate what kind of personal projects people with psychological problems have, and how they work on them, 28 counselling client students, 44 students of psychology, and 45 students of technology completed a Finnish version ...

Twenty years ago, quantity took precedence over quality of life as a matter of necessity. The idea of incorporating rehabilitation programs into the oncology arena was essentially a foreign concept. Quality-of-life issues are receiving more attention because of the survivorship movement; however, the ramifications for surviving the cancer experience in ...

A unique, nontraditional occupational therapy role focusing on primary prevention, community health promotion, and enhancement for a nonpatient population is examined. The purpose of this ongoing consultancy project was to develop a series of life skills and prevocational programs for an ethnic population of native Americans from elementary school through ...

Twenty-four of 53 hospital consultants responded to an offer to attend a resuscitation training course. Fourteen of them had never had resuscitation training. Their performance of basic life-support was assessed before and after training according to the Resuscitation Council UK recommendations. Their initial performance of basic life-support on a manikin ...

Several valuation techniques are in use for quality adjusting life years in cost utility analysis. The paper gives an overview of the variability in results. A close inspection of a number of instruments with respect to their theme, instructions, decision framing and the phrasing of questions make many of the ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of intrauterine insemination (IUI) in a donor insemination program. DESIGN: Prospective randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Donor insemination program. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Women undergoing insemination were randomly assigned to receive either IUI or intracervical insemination for a maximum of six cycles. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Cycle ...

The authors conducted an ethnographic analysis of various ways that persons with AIDS (PWAs) manage their illness in order to improve quality of life. According to Anselm Strauss (1975), illness management involves "work": The activities associated with work change as disease-related symptomatology presents different responses. Strauss' concept of work served ...

The Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) system was adopted for casualty reception and resuscitation. ATLS permitted well-informed triage decisions to be made, coupled with appropriate initial, possibly life-saving, treatment. The training given on board has continued to benefit patients treated by ex-Argus staff in their peacetime roles.

The AHA Committee on Emergency Cardiac Care recommends that all communities strengthen the four links in the chain of survival: Early Access: Install an enhanced 911 emergency dispatch system. Provide certification training to all emergency medical dispatchers. Develop community-wide education and publicity programs that focus on cardiac emergencies and a ...

The Florida Department of Corrections has worked diligently to plan and implement a system of comprehensive institutional and community-based programs. These programs strive to establish a functional, cost-effective continuum of care for incarcerated individuals while providing necessary linkages essential to transferring inmates back into society with the knowledge and social ...

This study reviews the records of all cardiac life support training courses conducted at the Ministry of Health's Life Support Training Centre situated in Singapore General Hospital over a six period from 1985 to 1990. A total of 1,789 persons were trained in Basic Life Support (BCLS), 65 as BCLS ...

... In his article, "Quantifying the value of human life for cost accounting of safeguards," L. Eugene Arnold proposes a cost-benefit analysis to address three allocation issues concerning the very expensive program of blood monitoring proposed by Sandoz at the time it placed Clozaril...on the American market.... It is important ...

Natural gas distribution systems in the United States were developed primarily in the first half of this century, utilizing materials such as cast iron and then steel. Over time, cast iron and steel pipe sections became weak from corrosion and are subject to failure which in turn can lead to ...

A life drawing technique was used to educate third-year medical students in a diagnostic and therapeutic approach to young children. Students were asked to produce their own early family life drawings. A sample of 48 drawings were collected. A major goal was to sensitize students as to how their early ...

This paper describes the development and evaluation of a 3-hour multimedia community education program on depression and suicide in later life. Designed for families, older adults, and service providers, the program provides information and teaches skills needed to recognize and respond to depression and suicidal behavior in the elderly. Compared ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the point at which adverse quality-of-life effects engendered by an aggressive cholesterol-lowering strategy dictate the use of a less aggressive approach. DESIGN: Decision analysis was used to compare the effects of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines, an aggressive program, with those of the Canadian Task ...

Students involved in this university-state association collaboration have expressed excitement in helping to create progressive changes for occupational therapists and their consumers. After graduation, many of these students have continued their participation in IOTA's legislative committee and have assumed leadership roles in other IOTA activities. IOTA has benefited from this ...

The establishment of a six-week summer program entitled ;Classical Physiology with Modern Instrumentation', and its contents are described. The program was designed to train physicians and basic life scientists in the fundamentals of electronics and to train engineers of all specialities in basic medical physiology. During the period 1957-1974, over ...

A description is given of the Drexel-Presbyterian Hospital Program, established in 1959 to provide the first MS program in biomedical engineering. The goal was to provide a program where life scientists could obtain a rigorous knowledge of physical sciences and engineers could similarly obtain a rigorous knowledge of medical science. ...

Presented here is a method for the improvement of stereopsis. It is based on covering and uncovering one eye in a particular way. A complete program for the improvement of stereopsis is described. This includes an uncovering technique, the use of an Orthofuser, and the observation of specular reflections. Examples ...

The purpose of this research was to test the hypothesis that the individual who believes death is the end and who expects to experience more displeasure than pleasure over the remainder of his life will choose suicide. College students (N = 272) completed questionnaires measuring their beliefs about after-life, expectations ...

Over the past ten years there has been a considerable increase in application of theoretically correct measurement methods in determining the economic life of equipment. Approximately 89% of the firms surveyed have equipment replacement policies. The discounted rate of return method is the most widely used in determining the service ...

The unintended effects on quality of life that flow from decisions regarding funding sources used to support community-based residential programs were documented. Results show that community residence program structures play an important role in determining quality of life after deinstitutionalization. Clients living under program structures flowing from the Medicaid ICF/MR ...

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate a clinical socio-medical supportive program for repeated short-term sickleavers who exhibited no evident reason for their prolonged absence. Attention was drawn to changes in the quality of life of the participants. Ninety-nine persons took part in the full program. The sex ...

'Hands on' practical workshop teaching is a fundamental part of advanced trauma life support training which has now been introduced into the United Kingdom. The use of live large animals, which is standard for the original courses developed in the United States of America, is prohibited in the United Kingdom ...

Life history data from Coast Salish tribes of Washington state reveal that federal War on Poverty programs produced important results that routine analysis has failed to uncover. The Comprehensive Training and Employment Act and the Indian Community Action Project provided income that enabled family networks to serve as centers of ...

Life event stressors were rated by 60 sixth grade students from their personal points-of-view and by two adult samples (ns = 11 and 17) on the basis of how they believed a typical 12- to 14-yr.-old today would rate events. Ratings of adults and sixth grade youth indicated strong congruence ...

In 1987, a Working Party Report from the Royal College of Physicians addressed the record of resuscitation from cardiopulmonary arrest. Their stated aim was to identify groups for instruction and to determine how required skills should be taught and retained. The recommendation for our specialty was brief: '...trained and competent ...

This study reports an examination into the effects on daily mood of participation in a life-styles program by injured workers. In the current prospective study, 14 participants completed the Memorial University Mood Scale (MUMS) prior to starting the program, at 1 month, 2 months, and at 3 months. They also ...

In this issue is a lengthy, thought-provoking essay on the issues raised by unwanted pregnancy. Written by Robert Wennberg in 1984 for the Christian Scholar's Review (13:4), the article has been edited and condensed for our purposes and is quite relevant, I believe, for the student health population. Any practitioner ...