OBJECTIVE: The use of social networking sites (SNS) is increasing among all ages, with implications for medical education faculty and trainee interactions. Our objective was to understand pediatric medical educators' use of SNS and perspectives on professional boundaries and posted content. METHODS: From September through December 2010, the Council on ...

Background  Streptozotocin-induced diabetic non-human primates are used to study efficacy and safety of innovative immunosuppression after islet transplantation. We implemented a training program for medical management of a chronic disease state. Methods  Cooperation with hand feeding and drinking, shifting, and limb presentation were trained utilizing predominately positive but also negative ...

This research examined the effects of several versions of capital penalty phase instructions on juror comprehension. Study One documented the impact of California's recently implemented "plain language" instruction. It showed that although the new instruction has clear advantages over the previous version, significant comprehension problems remain. Study Two evaluated several ...

Abstract Purpose: In response to the increased risk of radiological terrorist attack, a network of Centers for Medical Countermeasures against Radiation (CMCR) has been established in the United States, focusing on evaluating animal model responses to uniform, relatively homogenous whole- or partial-body radiation exposures at relatively high dose rates. The ...

Live animals and cadavers are integral to veterinary education. In the year of this survey (2008), and in at least the five preceding years, cadavers obtained by euthanasia of healthy pound dogs and ex-racing greyhounds were dissected by students, during their veterinary anatomy classes at the University of Queensland School ...

The Self-Organizing ARTMAP Rule Discovery (SOARD) system derives relationships among recognition classes during online learning. SOARD training on input/output pairs produces the basic competence of direct recognition of individual class labels for new test inputs. As a typical supervised system, it learns many-to-one maps, which recognize different inputs (Spot, Rex) ...

Cost accounting is an essential management activity for laboratory animal facility management. In this report, the author describes basic principles of cost accounting and outlines steps for carrying out cost accounting in laboratory animal facilities. Methods of post hoc cost accounting analysis for maximizing the efficiency of facility operations are ...

The perceptions of veterinarians and small animal (SA) clients on what attributes constitute 'a good veterinarian' were examined by a questionnaire survey. The respondents were asked to record how important they considered 20 attributes for a veterinary surgeon to have on a five-point scale from 'not at all important' to ...

Thyroid diseases are prevalent among endocrine disorders, and careful evaluation of patients' symptoms is a very important part in their diagnosis. Developing new pedagogical strategies, such as problem-based learning (PBL), is extremely important to stimulate and encourage medical and biomedical students to learn thyroid physiology and identify the signs and ...

Guaraqueçaba city is a rain forest environmental protected area located on the southern coast of Brazil. Recently, the local Animal Health Service has noticed haematophagous bats feeding from humans and domestic animals, as well as bat colonies located in houses and public schools. In 2007, two non-haematophagous bats were tested ...

As I was reading and thinking about the contributions to this issue of Healthcare Papers focused on collaborative policy making, one of my favourite quotations kept coming to the forefront of my mind: "In the long history of humankind (and animal kind, too) those who learned to collaborate and improvise ...

Attitudes toward animals are important in influencing how animals are treated. Few studies have investigated attitudes toward animals in veterinary or animal-science students, and no studies have compared attitudes to animals before and after a course teaching animal welfare and ethics. In this study, students enrolled in veterinary (first-year) or ...

Abstract:Since the discovery of his work in 1997, Fritz Jahr (1895-1953) has slowly become recognized as the author of the term and concept of bioethics. Jahr's ideas on bioethics were partly different from those shaped by Van Rensselaer Potter in the 1970s and, therefore, might be helpful for the further ...

Concerns about new trends in the veterinary profession in several industrialized countries have received significant attention recently. We conducted an online survey among first-year veterinary students enrolled between 2005 and 2008 in France's four National Veterinary Schools (Ecoles Nationales Vétérinaires [ENV]) to inquire into what determined future graduates' practice-area interests ...

Development of improved communication and education strategies is important to make alternatives to the use of animals, and the broad range of applications of the 3Rs concept better known and understood by different audiences. For this purpose, the Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing in Europe (CAAT-Europe) together with the ...

The present study describes the morbidity associated with ovariohysterectomy (OVH) when performed by third-year veterinary students as part of a surgical-training program. Data recorded from medical records included signalment, concurrent illness(es), surgical procedure(s), anesthesia and surgery time, anesthetic and surgical complications, and semester performed. The students' surgical training before the ...

Bonding with animals grants access to the sphere of affectivity and facilitates therapeutic engagement. The methodological approach of donkey-assisted programs is based on mediation, which is characterized by multidirectional relationships (patient-donkey-therapist). The donkey is an excellent facilitator in the motivation-building process, being able to stimulate the child's development by way ...

Response to Intervention (RtI), a cyclical process that incorporates assessment and instruction, is both an approach to prevent learning difficulties and to establish student eligibility for special education. Assessment results are used to determine students' initial knowledge and skill, their need for successively more intensive levels of instruction, and to ...

With the reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act in 2004, Response to Intervention (RTI) was officially introduced. Unlike the discrepancy model, which determines eligibility in special education with a discrepancy between achievement and ability, RTI was designed to provide intensive instruction to students in the general classroom as ...

Visual Phonics is a reading instructional tool that has been implemented in isolated classrooms for over 20 years. In the past 5 years, several experimental studies demonstrated its efficacy with students who are deaf or hard of hearing. Through a national survey with 200 participants, this study specifically addresses who, ...

This study synthesizes 79 standardized mean-change differences between control and treatment groups from 17 independent studies, investigating the effect of morphological interventions on literacy outcomes for students with literacy difficulties. Average total sample size ranged from 15 to 261 from a wide range of grade levels. Overall, morphological instruction showed ...

Educators often speak of web-based learning (WBL) as a single entity or a cluster of similar activities with homogeneous effects. Yet a recent systematic review demonstrated large heterogeneity among results from individual studies. Our purpose is to describe the variation in configurations, instructional methods and presentation formats in WBL. We ...

Sight-word instruction is the most common method of reading instruction for students with Moderate Intellectual Disabilities reported in the research literature. The purpose of this study was to go beyond instruction of single word units to instruction of multiple-word phrases. This study demonstrated the instruction of reading and comprehending individual ...

We examined the effect of individualizing student instruction (ISI; N=445 students, 46 classrooms) on first graders' self-regulation gains compared to a business-as-usual control group. Self-regulation, conceptualized as a constellation of executive skills, was positively associated with academic development. We hypothesized that the ISI intervention's emphasis on teacher planning and organization, ...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the conclusion of this learning activity, physician participants should be able to assess their own diagnostic and patient management skills and use the results of this exercise to help determine personal learning needs that can be addressed through subsequent CME involvement. Instructions for claiming CME credit appear ...

Professional development for instruction librarians is in danger of coming to a standstill in difficult economic times. COIL on Wheels is a professional development roadshow developed by the Community of Oklahoma Instruction Librarians to allow librarians with budget and staffing issues to benefit from peer training. By matching member librarian ...

The purpose of this project was to evaluate e-learning versus classroom instruction in infection control by comparing outcomes of multiple-choice examination scores and clinical competency-based examinations (CBE) between two groups of first-year dental hygiene students (fall 2008 e-learning: n=26; fall 2009 classroom instruction: n=26). Contents of both instructional units were ...

Traditionally, an apprenticeship model has been used for the instruction of invasive bedside procedures. Because this approach is subject to nonuniform application, a new model was established to determine the impact of a standardized curriculum on medical students' and residents' medical knowledge and technical skills. A procedural instruction curriculum for ...

Although Web-based instruction offers an advantageous approach to medical education, few studies have addressed the use of Web-based education to teach clinical content at the postgraduate level. Even fewer studies have addressed clinical outcomes after the Web-based instruction, yet postgraduate training requirements now focus on outcomes of training. A randomized ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a computer-based video instruction (CBVI) program to teach life skills. Three middle school-aged students with intellectual disabilities were taught how to make a sandwich, use a microwave, and set the table with a CBVI software package. A multiple probe ...

Results of the efficacy and time efficiency of computer-assisted learning (CAL) in endodontics education are mixed in the literature. The objectives of this study were to compare the efficacy and time efficiency of CAL with traditional learning methods or no instruction. The search strategy included electronic and manual searches of ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether in the local lay Hong Kong population, video self-instruction about cardiopulmonary resuscitation has comparable results to traditional classroom instructions. DESIGN: Prospective randomised single-blind controlled trial. SETTING: A first-aid training organisation in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS: Cantonese applicants for cardiopulmonary resuscitation courses aged between 18 and 70 years ...

Authors have claimed that Internet-based instruction promotes greater learning efficiency than non-computer methods. Objectives Determine, through a systematic synthesis of evidence in health professions education, how Internet-based instruction compares with non-computer instruction in time spent learning, and what features of Internet-based instruction are associated with improved learning efficiency. Data sources ...

Elementary school students often misinterpret the equal sign (=) as an operational rather than a relational symbol. Such misunderstanding is problematic because solving equations with missing numbers may be important for higher-order mathematics skills including word problems. Research indicates equal-sign instruction can alter how typically-developing students use the equal sign, ...

OBJECTIVE: The influence of teaching leadership on the performance of rescuers remains unknown. The aim of this study was to compare leadership instruction with a general technical instruction in a high-fidelity simulated cardiopulmonary resuscitation scenario. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled superiority trial. SETTING: Simulator Center of the University Hospital Basel in ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Given the ubiquitous presence of cellular telephones, we seek to evaluate the extent to which prerecorded audio cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instructions delivered by a cell telephone will improve the quality of CPR provided by untrained and trained lay rescuers. METHODS: We randomly assigned both previously CPR trained and ...

Instructional interventions based on stimulus equivalence provide learners with the opportunity to acquire skills that are not directly taught, thereby improving the efficiency of instructional efforts. The present report describes a study in which equivalence-based instruction was used to teach college students facts regarding brain anatomy and function. The instruction ...

We examined the effects of teaching 5 typically developing elementary students to sound out their spelling words while writing them using the cover-copy-compare (CCC) method to practice spelling. Each student's posttest performance following practice with sounding out was compared to that student's posttest performance following practice with no sounding out. ...

Effective training is essential to ensure satisfactory performance in surgeon-performed ultrasonography (US) and guided breast needle biopsies (USGBB). This study aimed to determine the efficacy of conducting a structured workshop in the teaching of breast US application and in guided biopsy techniques. Consenting participants of the US for Surgeons Workshop ...

The 'sniffing position' is widely promoted for teaching airway positioning before intubation, but whether this analogy results in novices placing the head and neck appropriately has not been evaluated. We compared performance following the sniffing position instructions with an alternate analogy, 'win with the chin'. We also compared performance following ...

BACKGROUND: The need was evident for the evaluation of applicability and effectiveness of different types of instructional strategies to teach CPR skills. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of traditional, case-based, and web-based instructional methods on acquisition and retention of CPR skills. METHODS: Ninety university ...

The primary purpose of this study was to explore if there could be a more beneficial method in organizing the individual instructional reading components (phonological decoding, spelling, fluency, and reading comprehension) within a remedial reading program to increase sensitivity to instruction for middle school students with reading disabilities (RD). Three ...

The relative effectiveness of two computer-assisted instructional programs designed to provide instruction and practice in foundational reading skills was examined. First-grade students at risk for reading disabilities received approximately 80 h of small-group instruction in four 50-min sessions per week from October through May. Approximately half of the instruction was ...

Attending professional continuing education (CE) is an important component of librarianship. This research study identified librarians' preferences in delivery modalities of instruction for professional CE. The study also identified influential factors associated with attending CE classes. Five instruction-delivery modalities and six influential factors were identified for inclusion in an online ...

Alphabet knowledge is a hallmark of early literacy and facilitating its development has become a primary objective of pre-school instruction and intervention. However, little agreement exists about how to promote the development of alphabet knowledge effectively. A meta-analysis of the effects of instruction on alphabet outcomes demonstrated that instructional impacts ...

Medical students increasingly participate in rotations in primary care settings, such as general practices. Although general practices can differ markedly from hospital settings, research on the instructional quality of general practice rotations is relatively scarce. We conducted a study to identify which aspects make a significant contribution to the instructional ...

Team-based learning (TBL) in medical education has emerged over the past few years as an instructional strategy to enhance active learning and critical thinking - even in large, basic science courses. Although TBL consistently improves academic outcomes by shifting the instructional focus from knowledge transmission to knowledge application, it also ...

BACKGROUND: Internet-based instruction in continuing medical education (CME) has been associated with favorable outcomes. However, more direct comparative studies of different Internet-based interventions, instructional methods, presentation formats, and approaches to implementation are needed. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative evaluation of two Internet-based CME delivery formats ...

Quality educators are a core component of successful residency training. A structured, consistent, validated evaluation of clinical educators is important to improve teaching aptitude, further faculty development, and improve patient care. The authors sought to identify specific domains of instructional quality and to develop a composite instrument for assessing instructional ...

Many children with autism require intensive instruction in the use of augmentative or alternative communication systems, such as the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS). This study investigated the use of PECS with three young boys with autism to determine the impact of PECS training on use of pictures for requesting, ...