BACKGROUND: A pilot's basic flight training influences his or her entire flying career. Instructional flights are involved in more than 300 crashes annually and in 36% of all midair collisions. Research was undertaken to identify the circumstances of crashes of instructional flights and to describe related factors. METHODS: We analyzed ...

The educational levels of 57 middle-aged and elderly persons were compared with their reading levels as assessed by the Wide Range Achievement Test-Reading. Participants were recruited from mental health and community settings in a predominantly black community. Thirty-six participants (63 percent) were reading at a median of five years below ...

A computer-assisted interactive videodisc instructional program, HP-RHEUM was designed to teach clinical findings in arthritis to occupational and physical therapy students. Using the Rheumatology Image Library videodisc produced by the National Library of Medicine, HP-RHEUM consists of instructional modules which employ advance organizers, examples/nonexamples, summaries, and immediate feedback. To see ...

This study examined the effects of instructional match and content overlap on students' ability to generalize from passage reading instruction. Four students with mild disabilities served as participants. Using a multielement design, students were instructed with passages at two levels of text difficulty (instructionally matched vs. instructionally mismatched), and generalization ...

Program directors from 90 accredited nurse anesthesia programs in the United States and Puerto Rico were surveyed concerning multicultural issues. This article summarizes the identified needs of clients and student nurse anesthetists from culturally diverse backgrounds. Noteworthy findings include the perception that clients were more disadvantaged than students because of ...

This experiment was designed as a test of the 1993 findings of Rauscher, Shaw, and Ky who reported a positive effect of listening to classical music on spatial reasoning. Present results do not demonstrate the "Mozart effect." In our study, 114 students were pretested on items from the Raven's Progressive ...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: We compared an interactive videodisc with bar-code book with an interactive videodisc with computer-assisted instruction for learning radiology to determine whether there would be differences in instructional effectiveness, instruction time, or subjective preference. METHODS: Two different videodisc modules were created. Each was presented in two formats with ...

Because every classroom in American schools contains heterogeneous groups of students, inclusion is more than an issue of concern just for special educators. This article provides examples of elementary classrooms that have adopted the Foxfire approach to instruction as a means of developing learning communities that serve all children. The ...

Group and individualized instruction as an instructional strategy employs both classroom and individual interactions with deaf and hard of hearing students who have diverse learning and communicative styles. The instructional setting is an applications course which includes a laboratory component. Lectures are replete with personal computer (PC) demonstrations and are ...

The exploratory research reported in this article was designed to determine the processes and outcomes of planning thematic literacy instruction in a holistic and contextualized manner. The work was conducted in an upper-elementary, self-contained setting for students identified as learning disabled. Specifically, the instructional activities included (a) interactive readings from ...

The effects of constant time delay, observational learning opportunities, and differential attentional cuing were examined during the small-group instruction of students in an integrated setting. Three students, one individual with moderate mental retardation and two individuals characterized as at-risk learners, participated in learning sight words through direct instruction and observational-learning ...

To evaluate the effectiveness of the Actronics Interactive Learning System to teach the psychomotor skills of advanced airway management compared to the traditional method of lecture/demonstration. The study was a nonrandomized, nonequivalent comparison group design of a convenience sample of 86 American Heart Association (AHA), advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) ...

A questionnaire, which consisted of 10 statements dealing with the attributes of effective clinical instruction, was designed for use by medical students. Three groups of trainees who followed consecutive clinical rotations in paediatrics assessed the instructional skills of their tutors using the instrument. Summary reports on students' perceptions were made ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of these studies was to examine the learning outcomes of a computer-assisted instruction (CAI) tutorial in applied anatomy and kinesiology for occupational therapy students and to determine its applicability for use in two university settings. METHOD: Two separate pilot studies were conducted at two universities. In each ...

The effectiveness of a multi-element approach derived from factors to increase self-determination of middle- and high-school-age students with physical and multiple disabilities was examined. The approach includes equipment and performance adaptations, brief in-school simulation training, and instruction and support for parents and home assistance providers. The intervention was instituted with ...

In many African countries, including Botswana, the driving schools and instruction given to pupils are uncontrolled. Thus, this paper presents the results of an investigation into the level of professional training offered by the driving schools in Gaborone. A total of 400 randomly selected drivers completed questionnaires on their training, ...

The purpose of this study was to extend research in training the use of cognitive strategies or planning to mathematical computation for 4 students with specific learning disabilities. A cognitive education method utilized in previous research was duplicated. It was expected that students would find the instruction differentially effective based ...

We have previously shown that both medical students and residents demonstrate numerous important deficits when evaluating patients with abdominal complaints. To address these deficits, we implemented a pilot instructional program derived from the Objective Structured Clinical Examination. Fifty third-year medical students were presented with a 1-hr Structured Clinical Instruction Module ...

In an exploratory study, we obtained information on death education in paramedic programs. A self-administered survey was sent to all U.S. paramedic training programs (N = 537). The survey ascertained the method of instruction, educational supplements, assessment techniques, and integration of death education into general course work. The status of ...

A questionnaire about the experiences, interests, and attitudes of graduate students learning the Rorschach was sent to 235 student affiliates of the Society for Personality Assessment. The questionnaire asked for information concerning their Rorschach training in (a) class instruction, (b) adjunctive instruction (i.e., extraclass supervision and experiences at practicum sites), ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the instructional effectiveness and efficiency of a pediatric multimedia textbook (MMTB) with that of a standard lecture and of a printed textbook in a prospective, interinstitutional study. DESIGN: Randomized, prospective cohort. SETTINGS: An urban and a rural medical school affiliated with tertiary care hospitals. POPULATION: Third- and ...

A major challenge to nursing staff development departments is how to reach individual staff members with new information in a limited period of time. Attendance at classroom instruction is not always feasible. The use of electronic mail to provide instruction to learners can be an effective teaching strategy. Advantages are ...

Computer-assisted instruction is an effective method for teaching visually oriented subjects such as ultrasonography. Although many different forms of instructional strategy can be effective, the process of designing a teaching program should follow the same general procedures, regardless of the format. The first step is to consider the subject material ...

In designing instruction, there is an inherent tension between permitting learner control and focusing on specific instructional goals. This tension is particularly problematic in computer-based clinical case studies. In addition, the question of the appropriate level of realistic detail is central to case study design. More learner control and greater ...

Experiment 1 confirmed the greater effectiveness of constructed-response interactive videodisc instruction when compared to a click-to-continue or passive viewing formats on posttest recall of AIDS information by 101 college students. Experiment 2 extended the analysis using a counterbalanced (ABAB-BABA) intrasubject design with 4 students in each of three ability groups. ...

Four students with severe, multiple disabilities learned to use four to five new skills at critical moments within age-appropriate activities. Instruction was provided only at moments critical to the continuation of the activities when natural cues and consequences delineated the need for the target behaviors. This method of intervention was ...

This study examined the extent to which competence in applying behavioral procedures (time-out from positive reinforcement) was sufficient to establish competence in teaching others to apply the same procedures. During baseline, graduate students attempted to instruct parents with a history of child abuse and neglect in the use of time-out. ...

A multiple-baseline-across-students design was used to investigate the effects of multiple-exemplar self-instructional training on the acquisition and generalization of conversational interaction of 4 high school students with mental retardation. The multiple-exemplar component of the model consisted of (a) several peers without disabilities teaching the use of a self-instructional social skills ...

This presentation is designed to familiarize medical educators with the techniques and tools for converting analog video into digital video for use in CD-ROM based multimedia programs. Recent advances in computer processing, CD-ROM storage, and digital video enable personal computers to be used for creating and presenting digital adaptations of ...

This paper describes the design and evaluation of a computer-based instruction (CBI) program that was integrated into a multidisciplinary cancer curriculum at the Medical College of Pennsylvania. Instruction took place in a cancer learning center. Modules contained literature, posters, slide sets, videocassette films, and "see, touch, and feel" models to ...

In response to the current emphasis on health maintenance and disease prevention, the authors developed a comprehensive education program in which sophomore medical students interview a standardized patient about breast problems and risk factors, receive one-on-one instruction from the standardized patient during the clinical breast examination, and practice recommendations for ...

This experiment evaluated the effects of requiring overt answer construction in computer-based programmed instruction using an alternating treatments design. Four college students worked through an instructional program that alternated between presenting frames with blanks requiring overt responses and complete frames without blanks. All students produced a higher percentage of correct ...

A treatment package, consisting of multiple exemplar training and community-based instruction, was evaluated for its effectiveness in teaching four students with profound mental retardation and multiple disabilities to participate in two sets of community-living tasks. All training took place in community settings, and each student demonstrated improved performance on at ...

The effects of speechreading instruction were studied using a structurally planned training programme in two types of situations: in a face-to-face situation and by using videotapes viewed at home. Instruction was given only visually. Three speechreading tests were selected to monitor the efficacy of training: CID sentences. Helen questions and ...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: We compared computer-assisted instruction with interactive videodisc (CAI-videodisc) with a textbook to study differences in educational efficacy, time spent, and subjective preferences. METHODS: Two modules of CAI-videodisc, one concerning the radiology of arthritis and the other skeletal trauma, were prepared specifically for advanced medical students and junior ...

The value of instructing members of the public in CPR is now widely recognised, but community training schemes which rely largely on volunteers may fail to reach their targets. CPR training for lay people is often a once only activity and it has been shown that, without revision, skills deteriorate ...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this prospective randomized study was to compare the long-term instructional effectiveness of a computer-based radiology multimedia textbook (MMTB) with that of a traditional lecture. METHODS: Volunteer faculty/fellows and residents were randomly assigned to either a computer-based MMTB group or to a lecture group. The ...

Students contorted to achieve direct vision indicate that training of mirror skills is absent or ineffective. Training referenced in the literature is not described or amounts to practice using a mirror to perform a psychomotor task often marginally related to dental procedures. No complete task analysis of mirror use is ...

A statewide, cross-sectional survey was conducted among Texas secondary school teachers to determine the scope of HIV education provided and training needs. Among 269 participants, 199 (75%) taught HIV education. Investigator developed scales measured instructional emphasis, preparation adequacy, desire for future training, comfort, instructional effectiveness, social support, and instructional barriers. ...

An examination of 222 students' learning of skill in volleyball was conducted in classes. Analysis indicated that over an eight-lesson unit performance for both serve and forearm pass improved. When classes were the unit of analysis five classes showed significant improvement on the serve and four on the pass. Present ...

An interactive, self-study learning system for airway management instruction that utilizes a "sensorized" manikin head (Actronics Inc., Pittsburgh, PA) was compared to didactic instruction from anesthesiologists during third-year medical student anesthesia rotations. Before students were allowed to participate in airway management on anesthetized patients, they were randomly separated into two ...

In summary, the number of schools using CAI is increasing, and available CAI programs are multiplying rapidly. We believe that a critical factor in classroom use of CAI is the selection of appropriate topics for presentation by this method of media instruction. Faculty must know students' reactions and level of ...

To evaluate the effectiveness of interactive videodisc (IVD) instruction of paramedics through the use of computer analysis of trip sheets. Prospective, controlled, in an urban 9-1-1, paramedic, emergency medical services (EMS) system with total call volume of 62,000/year; 15,000 advanced life support (ALS). All 150 paramedics in the system received ...

Writing-to-learn (WTL) is a paradigm for coordinating the learning of content with the development of cognitive skills needed to contextualize knowledge. The authors describe the place of writing assignments in existing courses, give examples of how assignments were revised to satisfy the intent of WTL as an instructional strategy, and ...

Educational literature was reviewed from elementary through college levels including nursing programs. Findings are inconclusive regarding effectiveness of computer assisted instruction (CAI) on learning and attitude, and limited research is available regarding learning effectiveness of CAI with group instruction, especially large-group instruction. Research findings relative to interactive video instruction (IVI) ...

This paper describes a classroom experiment in a German College of Veterinary Medicine (Tieraerztliche Hochschule Hannover) using an instructional software package designed to increase dairy reproductive problem-solving skills. A pre-test/post-test experimental design demonstrated that learning occurred in an enjoyable environment when 21 4th year veterinary students used the program. Students' ...

Although there is a growing body of information, materials, and instructional strategies for adults with learning disabilities receiving remedial reading instruction, the same is not available for other areas of Adult Basic Education, including remedial math, sixth-through eight-grade-level pre-GED basic skills, and secondary subject areas in the GED curriculum. This ...

This study compares the effectiveness of two interventions that differed in the nature of dialogic interactions among teachers and students in the reading group. One hundred nine children with mild disabilities were instructed by 35 teacher-interns in special education resource rooms. Sixty-three and 46 students, respectively, participated in the two ...

In the spring of 1992, the skill of venipuncture, inserting an intravenous (IV) needle, was added to the last quarter in an associate degree nursing curriculum. After theory and demonstration, 71 graduating students were rotated through an 8-hour venipuncture practice laboratory in an outpatient surgery unit. The instructor worked with ...

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of learning strategy instruction on the completion of job applications by students identified as learning disabled. Thirty-three students (average age 15 years 6 months) were randomly assigned by grade and gender to one of two experimental conditions: learning strategy instruction ...