This study evaluates the psychometric properties of an industry-based employee measure of employer responses to injuries (i.e., organizational support and return-to-work policies) and explores the relationship of these variables to post-injury job satisfaction. Survey data were collected from 1438 employees with work-related injuries in 13 construction companies and 13 transportation ...

Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) kill over one million people worldwide annually. This article takes the perspective of economic costs and benefits to review the impact of available road safety interventions in industrialized countries--and the potential effect of these interventions in low and middle-income countries, where RTIs pose an increasingly large ...

PROBLEM: California's graduated driver licensing (GDL) program was implemented to reduce the high crash risk of teenage drivers. The program enhancements made in 1998 were evaluated in this study using methods that rule out the noticeable downward trend in California teen's fatal/injury crash rates as a possible explanation for any ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of chondromalacia patella among college students and the correlation with sports injury. METHODS: 354 students from gymnastic department and 429 from nongymnastic department with knee joint pain were selected. 184 students from gymnastic department and 342 from nongymnastic department were checked randomly by a surgeon. ...

Analysis of this survey of 244 responding cytotechnologists shows that a high percentage still suffer from musculoskeletal disorders commonly associated with poor ergonomic design in the workplace, despite the variety of ergonomically designed microscopes that have been introduced into the market. Although Kalavar and Hunting surveyed a small group of ...

BACKGROUND: Work experiences among early adolescents are largely undocumented. Our purpose was to document the prevalence of work and work-related injury among lower-income Hispanic South Texas middle school students. METHODS: Anonymous surveys were conducted in classrooms of sixth- through eighth-grade students, and 3,008 students reported current or recent employment. RESULTS: ...

This study investigated the effects of mid-career onset traumatic brain injury on work adjustment, as well as examining the utility of Hershenson's model of work adjustment. Ten clients in a head injury rehabilitation programme were intensively interviewed and completed questionnaires concerning the effect of their mid-career onset disability on their ...

Little research is conducted to examine the determinants of nonfatal injury on the job. In particular, this study stresses the importance of race, human capital, and occupational conditions in explaining nonfatal injury at work. It measures nonfatal work injury as an episode of work injury, using the data from the ...

This study was conducted to monitor the training patterns throughout a basketball season in order to determine if a relationship exists between the physical stress of practice and the occurrence of injuries and illnesses in NCAA Division III athletes. Subjects consisted of college women (n = 12) ranging in age ...

The Military Training Task Force (MTTF) of the Defense Safety Oversight Council chartered a Joint Services Physical Training Injury Prevention Work Group (JSPTIPWG) to 1) establish the evidence base for making recommendations to prevent injuries, 2) prioritize the recommendations for prevention programs and policies, and 3) substantiate the need for ...

Although many occupational safety programs are targeted toward large firms, the construction industry is dominated by smaller firms. This study examines the differential effect of firm size on the risk and the reporting of over 3000 serious and minor nonfatal elevation fall injuries in Danish construction industry trades (1993 to ...

Locomotor activity-based rehabilitation programs seem to bring encouraging recovery to incomplete spinal cord injury paralytics. But in "complete" injuries recovery is long delayed and in small increments. Developmental and computer neural networks studies show that motor relearning requires the participation of redundant numbers of and activity-dependent competition of synapses among ...

Illness and injury can significantly limit a swimmer's participation in training and competition. Catastrophic injuries to the neck and risk of drowning are life threatening. Infectious illness can cause significant time out of the water and an even longer convalescence. When injuries to the shoulder, back, and knee become chronic, ...

OBJECTIVES: School injuries are a serious public health problem, yet classroom injuries have received little attention. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of classroom injuries in Utah public schools. METHODS: Utah statewide school injury data on kindergarten through 12th grade students for 1996 through 1998 were ...

The literature on the relationship between time since injury (TSI) and the clinical unfolding of psychosocial adaptation to disability has yielded mixed results. In this exploratory study we have attempted to compare two groups of people who sustained spinal cord injury (SCI)--namely, short-term TSI versus long-term TSI--on the patterns of ...

After workplace injuries, supervisors can play an important role in aiding workers, accessing health care services, and providing reasonable accommodation. However, few studies have identified those aspects of supervisor involvement most valued by employees for postinjury recovery and return to work. As part of needs assessment for a supervisory training ...

OBJECTIVE: To present a practical approach for preventing running injuries. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Much of the research on running injuries is in the form of expert opinion and comparison trials. Recent systematic reviews have summarized research in orthotics, stretching before running, and interventions to prevent soft tissue injuries. MAIN MESSAGE: ...

BACKGROUND: This report evaluates a protocol for training nonneurosurgeon medical staff to perform ventricular catheter placement for ICP monitoring in traumatic brain injury and other appropriate patients under the guidance of neurosurgeons. METHODS: Eleven neurosurgery house officers were enrolled in the program to be certified for ventricular catheter placement. The ...

The penal laws in Pakistan went through sweeping reforms in 1979 with intent to bring them in line with the Islamic Jurisprudence. The introduction of these laws repealed the definitions as well as punishments of various types of injuries. Besides that these laws also redefined and reclassified the crime of ...

School sport is a major cause of injury in the post-primary age group. The importance of primary prevention in sport has been identified; however secondary prevention of school related sport injury has not been described in Ireland. A random sample of 450 schools in Northern Ireland and the Republic of ...

High school students frequently work long hours during the school year, increasing their risk of injury. Few studies have examined the relation between work injury and weekly work hours. This paper describes injuries among students in South Texas, where economically disadvantaged Hispanic students are heavily represented. Anonymous surveys were collected ...

Active injury surveillance was conducted with a large, unionized workforce of residential and drywall carpenters over a 3-year period. Injured carpenters were interviewed by trained carpenter investigators and sites were visited where falls occurred. Qualitative information was collected on exposures, risk perception, training, and mentoring. Falls accounted for 20% of ...

OBJECTIVE: Cervical spinal cord injuries have been the most common catastrophic football injury and the second leading direct cause of death attributable to football skills. This study looks at the 25-year (1977-2001) experience with catastrophic neck injuries and examines not only the incidence but also the cause of injury and ...

Workers' compensation records for residential contractors were combined with hours worked provided by the union to examine injury rates and costs among union carpenters between 1995 and 2000. Brief text descriptions were reviewed to describe more costly injuries. Costs per hour worked decreased over 6 years, largely because of declines ...

As an undergraduate student with cerebral palsy, I found it difficult to achieve my goal of starting a regular exercise program at my school, the University of Central Florida. However, when I started a program called Assisted Workouts in spring 2003. the struggle proved to be well worth it. The ...

BACKGROUND: Winter sports participation is growing in popularity following the success of recent Australian Winter Olympic Teams. On the recreational front, snowboarding is equal in popularity to skiing. Injury types are varied and specific to the sports. OBJECTIVE: This article compares the common injuries sustained while skiing and snowboarding and ...

This study examined injury and physical fitness outcomes in Basic Combat Training (BCT) during implementation of Physical Readiness Training (PRT). PRT is the U.S. Army's emerging physical fitness training program. An experimental group (EG, n = 1284), which implemented the PRT program, was compared to a control group (CG, n ...

Heat stress injuries, like any other form of workplace injury, can be prevented. It is incumbent upon the employer to provide the means that allow the worker to avoid injury, and it is incumbent upon the employee to follow the plan set forth by the employer. The information in this ...

The author, an experienced alpine mountaineer, sustained several traumatic climbing injuries over a two-year period. This article describes her multiple uses of self-hypnosis to deal with several challenges related to her returning to successful mountain climbing. She used self-hypnosis for physical healing and to enhance her motivation to resume climbing. ...

BACKGROUND: Comprehensive and accurate evaluation is a critical step in the return-to-work process for individuals with head injury. Research findings have been reported on the barriers for a successful return to work. Assessment frameworks have been published, but they do not include a protocol that contains each component for the ...

BACKGROUND: Concern about occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens exists, and medical students, who lack in experience in patient care and surgical technique, may be at an increased exposure risk. METHODS: This prospective cohort study evaluated needlestick injuries and practices regarding the use of protective strategies against bloodborne pathogens in medical ...

Although it is widely recommended that golfers warm-up before play/practice to enhance their physical performance and to prevent injuries, few actually undertake this activity. The reasons why golfers do/do not warm-up are not known. The aim of this study was to determine the self-reported behaviours and attitudes of adult golfers ...

AIM: We reviewed evidence regarding risk factors associated with incidence of knee injuries both to assess the effectiveness of prevention strategies, and to offer evidence-based recommendations to physicians, coaches, trainers, athletes, and researchers. METHODS: We searched electronic data bases without language restriction for the years 1966 - September 1, 2001, ...

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of occupational injuries and identify their risk factors among students in two municipalities. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in public schools of the municipalities of Santo Antonio do Pinhal and Monteiro Lobato, Brazil. A stratified probabilistic sample was drawn from public middle and high ...

This case--bicycle helmet effectiveness--is one of a series of teaching cases in the Case-Based Series in Population-Oriented Prevention (C-POP). It has been developed for use in medical school and residency prevention curricula. The complete set of cases is presented in this supplement to the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. This ...

Forty million individuals participate in organized softball leagues each year in the United States. Eighteen million additional student athletes and young adults also participate in organized baseball league play. In addition to being two of the most popular team sports in the United States, they also are responsible for a ...

Exercises that help develop neuromuscular control and increase functional joint stability are critical in conditioning and rehabilitation programs designed for injury prevention in sports. Information regarding joint movement and joint position provided by mechanoreceptors in the skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints combine with input from the vestibular and visual ...

During July 1, 1992-June 30, 1999, a total of 323 school-associated violent death events occurred in the United States, resulting in 358 deaths. To guide prevention efforts, CDC examined school-associated firearm violent death events committed by students in elementary and secondary schools in the United States and determined the sources ...

This self-directed learning module highlights several aspects of outcome after acquired brain injury rehabilitation. It is part of the chapter on brain injury rehabilitation in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. In this article, functional measures commonly used in rehabilitation are described, ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a neuromuscular training program on the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female team handball players. DESIGN: Prospective intervention study. SETTING: Female team handball: Division I-III in Norway. PARTICIPANTS: Players from the three top divisions: control season (1998-1999), 60 teams (942 players); first ...

Therapeutic restraint is sometimes required as a component of clinical intervention for persons who have serious behaviour disorders. However, there are few studies that describe empirically the conditions under which restraint is utilized. This project was a retrospective analysis of incident reports on the application of therapeutic restraint with four ...

This paper seeks to determine the cost to the NHS associated with treating parachute-related injuries. More specifically, it compares the training received by civilians to that received by military personnel together with the types of parachutes used or the type of jump. It also reviews the information given to civilian ...

This study determined the incidence of violence-related injuries in an urban school district, and compared characteristics of unintentional and intentional school injuries. A sample of student Accident Report Forms completed for a school district in 1997 were reviewed for demographic characteristics of the student and injury characteristics. Injuries were categorized ...

In recent decades, paragliding-like other fashionable activities-has become a part of lifestyle and outdoor activities. The introduction of protective devices has helped to reduce the risk of severe injuries. However, it seems that the spine remains the paraglider's 'Achilles heel'. Better education, training, and the introduction of innovative back protectors ...

OBJECTIVES: To describe the development, implementation, and preliminary outcome of the Pain-Disability Prevention (PDP) Program. The PDP Program is a 10-week cognitive-behavioral intervention program that aims to increase daily involvement in goal-directed activity and minimize psychological barriers to activity involvement after occupational injury. Workers' Compensation Board claimants with soft tissue ...

OBJECTIVES: To identify youth behaviour with regards to injury prevention, to assess the awareness of severity and susceptibility to brain and spinal cord injury, and to evaluate the impact of the Think First Saskatchewan school visit program on students' knowledge of brain and spinal cord injury prevention. METHODS: A controlled, ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the site, nature, cause, and severity of injuries in semi-professional rugby league players. METHODS: The incidence of injury was prospectively studied in one hundred and fifty six semi-professional rugby league players over two competitive seasons. All injuries sustained during matches and training sessions were recorded. Injury data ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine a comprehensive approach for preventing percutaneous injuries associated with phlebotomy procedures. DESIGN AND SETTING: From 1993 through 1995, personnel at 10 university-affiliated hospitals enhanced surveillance and assessed underreporting of percutaneous injuries; selected, implemented, and evaluated the efficacy of phlebotomy devices with safety features (ie, engineered sharps injury ...

Aggregate health risk appraisal data from Chevron Texaco's truck driver workforce revealed that approximately 50% of the truck drivers who completed a health risk appraisal were found to be at risk for a back injury. Lost time records revealed that this population had 65% more lost workdays attributed to cumulative ...

PURPOSE: To examine variables that contribute to work satisfaction among rehabilitation professionals involved in brain injury rehabilitation. METHOD: One hundred and thirty-three respondents completed a job satisfaction questionnaire and qualitative questions regarding sources of stress and satisfaction in working with individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI). RESULTS: Factor analysis yielded ...