INTRODUCTION: Many injury prevention interventions require changes in human behavior to reduce self-risk or risk to others. Promising injury prevention interventions may be discarded if they lack power to create a significant difference in outcomes when judging their ability to "move a person from nonaction or negative action to positive ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine and compare the prevalence, nature and predictors of agricultural motorcycle injuries (2, 3 & 4 wheels) in a high-risk cohort of Western Australian adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 326 students (Years 11 and 12) was drawn from the six designated agricultural colleges, in Western Australia. The ...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the medical and compensation costs of work-related injuries in insured workplaces in Lebanon and to examine cost distributions by worker and injury characteristics. METHODS: A total of 3748 claims for work injuries processed in 1998 by five major insurance companies in Lebanon were reviewed. Medical costs (related ...

PROBLEM: To assess how drivers view dangers on the highway, what motivates them to drive safely, how they say they reduce their crash and injury risk, and how they rate their own driving skills. RESULTS: Most drivers rated their skills as better than average. The biggest motivating factor for safe ...

Intrathecal baclofen now plays an important role in the management of spasticity in a number of neurologic conditions including spinal cord disorders. Dosage errors can be a source of significant morbidity and the risk is greatest when the clinician is changing solution concentration. When changing concentrations, it is imperative to ...

OBJECTIVE: This paper attempted to examine the question of whether 351 disability services workers in an Australian State Government agency given manual handling training had significantly lower injury rates from manual handling injuries a year post-training than a control group (n = 351) without the training. METHODS: Control group members ...

The risk for the development of musculoskeletal disorders and associated conditions in clerical and office workers is well documented. The majority of work injury prevention programs for this population were single-faceted (education, workstation redesign, or task modification) and yielded both positive and negative findings. This pilot study was conducted with ...

Musculoskeletal disorders in the workplace cause thousands of injuries and cost industry billions of dollars yearly. Work injury prevention programs have been developed and implemented as a means for cost containment. A variety of preventive strategies have been investigated in primary research. The purpose of this review article is to ...

BACKGROUND: Although the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in China is expanding rapidly, the principles of universal precautions (UP) are not widely disseminated in Chinese hospitals. Lack of training about occupational prevention of bloodborne pathogens (BBP) may place student nurses at risk when they are in clinical practice. AIM: To ...

BACKGROUND: Falls from heights, including falls from nonmoving trucks, are a known cause of serious workplace injuries [1,2,4,6,7,14,15]. Subsequent to the Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB) of Ontario implementing an industry sector management approach for service delivery the principle author noted a number of serious injuries as a consequence ...

The rate of occupational accidents in British agriculture is higher than in most other industries. The most common fatal accidents are those involving vehicles and machinery, falls from a height and electrocution. A substantial proportion of reported non-fatal injuries in agricultural employees is attributable to manual handling, but among self-employed ...

OBJECTIVE: To develop a measure suitable for retrospective analysis of qualitative brain injury outcome data, the Functional Independence Level (FIL), and document its reliability, validity, and utility. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of existing records, with inclusion based on availability of records, and quantitative or qualitative documentation of functional status at a ...

OBJECTIVES: To provide precise information about child injuries, intended to promote preventive actions, in keeping with the general pattern of a Safe Community program implemented in Boulogne-Billancourt (France) since 1997. METHODS: Information about children under 16 injured in the city of Boulogne-Billancourt and its surroundings, are extracted in a database. ...

The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) has recently developed and evaluated a new side impact barrier to represent the front profile of pickup trucks and sport utility vehicles for a new consumer information program. In the development of this program, two dummies were considered for assessing driver injury risk ...

Thirty-nine infants who were served in early intervention programs and who engaged in stereotyped or self-injurious behaviors were studied weekly from the time they entered the school until they were 3 years old. The development of these behaviors increased and declined over age more slowly than in typical babies. A ...

A burn survivor may provide unique psychological support to patients who have been burned more recently and enhance their adjustment to burn injury. The purpose of this study was to describe the peer consultation/burn survivor support program at a large regional burn center in the Northwest United States. Over the ...

A number of articles have been written about the value of OSHA inspections, and to a lesser extent, OSHA targeting. However, there have been few, if any, that quantify the effectiveness of an injury specific targeting program. This study examines the change in the incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) ...

BACKGROUND: Low back pain (LBP) constitutes a major problem in construction. The magnitude and musculoskeletal injury characteristics in certain construction trades have been studied extensively. Musculoskeletal research targeting mason tenders is limited. High physical demands of the job primarily contribute to an increased risk of LBP experienced by these laborers. ...

Traumatic injury is the leading cause of death in children after infancy. The leading causes of childhood injury deaths are motor vehicle crashes, submersion injury, homicide, suicide, and fires. Injuries are not random events. Factors associated with injuries allow identification of high-risk populations and targeted interventions. Injury research includes development ...

The purpose of this study was to systematically assess mobility issues from the point of view of persons with spinal cord injuries (SCIs), so as to guide clinicians, researchers, and developers of assistive technologies. A telephone survey was developed through focus groups and discussions with individuals with SCI and rehabilitation ...

Road safety studies using the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) have provided support for a three-way distinction between violations, skill-based errors and mistakes, and have indicated that a tendency to commit driving violations is associated with an increased risk of accident involvement. The aims of this study were to examine whether ...

Fewer patient injuries and a more favorable malpractice experience do not happen by accident. However, since we know that errors, mistakes, and patient injuries cannot be avoided with absolute certainty, it is the duty of all OB clinicians to be clearly aware of the common risks and to take appropriate ...

Hopefully this analysis is useful. In summary let us make three simple points: Be conscious of your position in the "personal injury" market, but do not be afraid to use your judgment. If you are an expert, do not set a standard of perfection when working out what is reasonable ...

This study aims to determine whether the training of ski-patrol teams is still adequate in view of a marked change in injury patterns. All accidents which occurred during two winter seasons (n = 579, 583 patients) in the Oberwallis ski area in Switzerland are analysed retrospectively. As the analysis of ...

The Visiting Nurse Association of Texas found that the impact of repetitive motion injuries on their office staff was costing them almost $200,000 a year. They formed a committee to design a cumulative trauma disorder prevention program. Since that time repetitive motion injuries have decreased dramatically and the program has ...

The labor market impact of upper extremity musculoskeletal injuries that result in permanent disability was estimated using data from the State of California. Administrative data on disability evaluations and resulting ratings was matched to data on the earnings of over 7000 injured workers. Using these data, labor market experience pre- ...

BACKGROUND: Risk factors for soccer injuries and possibilities for prevention have been discussed by several authors, but only a few have investigated the effectiveness of preventive interventions. PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a prevention program on the incidence of soccer injuries in ...

OBJECTIVE: A growing body of evidence suggests that the nation's vital statistics system undercounts unintentional firearm deaths that are not self inflicted. This issue was examined by comparing how unintentional firearm injuries identified in police Supplementary Homicide Report (SHR) data were coded in the National Vital Statistics System. METHODS: National ...

The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate training habits of Australian outrigger canoe paddlers. A 1-page questionnaire was hand-delivered to 101 paddlers. The survey addressed training factors, use of supplementary training, ergogenic aids, sports performance professionals, and injury history. Paddlers train for an average of 3.2 on-water sessions ...

BACKGROUND: Although there are many studies on working adolescents, information on youth who simultaneously hold jobs on both a farm and in other sectors of the economy is lacking. METHODS: Six high schools in rural Minnesota were evaluated for adolescent work practices and injury incidence. A 20-page self-administered survey was ...

Around 40% of 10-11-year-old children receive cycle training every year in the UK, but concern has been expressed over the efficacy of training courses. One argument is that accidents occur too infrequently to be a viable evaluative criterion, and attitudes and behaviour have been suggested as alternatives. A questionnaire that ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe a rehabilitation model using a multidisciplinary team approach for the diagnosis and treatment of individuals with golf injuries or physically challenged persons desiring to play golf. DESIGN: A retrospective, descriptive study of a multidisciplinary golf rehabilitation program that included evaluation by a physiatrist, a physical therapist, and ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Limb coordination is an element of motor control that is frequently disrupted following spinal cord injury (SCI). The authors assessed intralimb coordination in subjects with SCI following a 12-week program combining body weight support, electrical stimulation, and treadmill training. SUBJECTS: Fourteen subjects with long-standing (mean time post-SCI=70 ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the firearms recovered in buyback programs in a large urban community are the types most closely associated with firearm fatalities in the same geographic area. METHODS: The type, caliber, and manufacturer of 941 handguns recovered in Milwaukee County 1994-96 buyback programs were compared with 369 homicide ...

BACKGROUND: Falls and resulting injuries are particularly common in older people living in residential care facilities, but knowledge about the prevention of falls is limited. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a multifactorial intervention program would reduce falls and fall-related injuries. DESIGN: A cluster randomized, controlled, nonblinded trial. SETTING: 9 residential care ...

OBJECTIVES: Our falls prevention research group has conducted four controlled trials of a home exercise program to prevent falls in older people. The objectives of this meta-analysis of these trials were to estimate the overall effect of the exercise program on the numbers of falls and fall-related injuries and to ...

To study prospectively the injury patterns in under 14 year olds presenting to casualty. To use this information to assess the impact of a local Community Childhood Accident Prevention Project (CCAPP) Prospective injury surveillance was collected on all attendees under 14 years of age. Casualty attendance for the members of ...

This study investigated the site and nature of rugby league training injuries, and identified the training activities that were most likely to result in injury in rugby league players. The incidence of training injuries was prospectively studied in 60 semiprofessional rugby league players over 1 season. Injury data was collected ...

A number of quality-based evaluation and treatment protocols have been developed and marketed for the management of work-related musculoskeletal problems. Yet, little is known about their effectiveness in improving patient outcomes. We evaluated one such approach adopted by the Department of Labor and Industries, which insures approximately two-thirds of the ...

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the effect of a social work liaison program on caregiver outcomes for families caring for people with brain injury. DESIGN: All telephone calls received by the team were entered into a standardized log form to record topics raised by caregivers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We compared the experience ...

This report describes the rationale, purpose, structure, and content of the emergency medical services (EMS) injury prevention program "Accidents Aren't." The program is introduced with a review of injuries' toll professionally, epidemiologically, and economically in terms of the demand on medical care resources and the expense of care. With recognition ...

Programmed death phenomena appear to be inherent not only in living cells (apoptosis), but also in subcellular organelles (e.g., self-elimination of mitochondria, called mitoptosis), organs (organoptosis), and even whole organisms (phenoptosis). In all these cases, the "Samurai law of biology"--it is better to die than to be wrong--seems to be ...

Although anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are not gender specific, they do occur at a significantly greater rate in females. Biomechanical and neuromuscular deficits in females have been documented as factors contributing to ACL injuries, however little research has been conducted in the area of preventative training programs to improve ...

This self-directed learning module highlights the importance of recognizing the relationships between multiple, concurrent joint injuries in the lower extremity of an injured worker. This chapter focuses on evaluating the lower extremity and devising a rehabilitation program that incorporates the entire kinetic chain. Further recommendations for return to work are ...

This self-directed learning module highlights the underlying anatomy and biomechanics of the cervical spine and shoulder as a basis for developing a differential diagnosis of contributing pathology in an industrial injury. This includes components of the history, examination, and appropriate diagnostic testing that are necessary to develop an optimal rehabilitation ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a community based, all age, all injury prevention program, the Safe Living Program, on injury risk and injury rates. DESIGN: A quasiexperimental population based evaluation using an intervention and comparison community design. SETTING: The intervention community (Shire of Bulla, n = 37,257) is an ...

During the past 15 years, developments in x-ray technologies have substantially improved the ability of practitioners to treat patients using fluoroscopically guided interventional techniques. Many of these procedures require a greater use of fluoroscopy and serial imaging (cine). This has increased the potential for radiation-induced dermatitis, epilation and severe radiation-induced ...

A survey on functional ability, perceived exertion, and employment was mailed to 190 individuals with spinal cord lesion. Analysis is based on the 91 completed replies. To establish a database of individuals with spinal cord lesions and to assess the effectiveness of training programs designed to improve life quality and ...

The Utah Student Injury Reporting System (SIRS), implemented in 1984 to monitor injuries to students in grades K-12 in Utah schools, has served as a model for surveillance systems created by other states and some European countries. This paper evaluates the Utah experience in developing and administering the SIRS. The ...

Overuse injuries account for the majority of lost duty time profiles for soldiers attending Advanced Individual Training (AIT) to become a Combat Medic at Ft. Sam Houston (63% for men and 74% for women). An intervention program was initiated with two AIT Battalions (BN) in an effort to reduce overuse ...