As a result of the recent implementation of work-oriented antipoverty programs, more welfare recipients can be expected to be working in low-wage jobs. With these jobs there is little hope that these workers' incomes will rise above the poverty level. One way to help support these low-wage workers is through ...

This study investigated 3 broad classes of individual-differences variables (job-search motives, competencies, and constraints) as predictors of job-search intensity among unemployed job seekers. Also assessed was the relationship between job-search intensity and reemployment success in a longitudinal context. Results show significant relationships between the predictors employment commitment, financial hardship, job-search ...

The working world is progressing from the industrial era to the era of knowledge. The critical factor of success in work is shifting from machines to the human mind. All work that essentially uses and produces knowledge during and as a result of the work process can be defined as ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess householders' satisfaction with the process of residential lead abatement in an urban Australian population. METHOD: The study area consisted of suburbs immediately surrounding a lead-related industry on Australia's east coast. Nineteen of 20 remediated households in the study area agreed to participate in the survey. One trained ...

This study investigated the relationship between job satisfaction and the intention to continue working in a sample of 87 individuals with psychiatric disabilities who worked in supported or supervised employment. Data were collected from respondents in Columbus, Ohio in 1996. After controlling for selected correlates (education, length of employment, contract ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe demographic and work profiles of registered practising midwives, to assess their job satisfaction and their knowledge of and attitudes to the 1990 Victorian Birthing Services review. DESIGN: A questionnaire posted in 1995 to a population-based random sample of registered midwives. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred and forty midwives currently ...

Upper-extremity musculoskeletal pains or disorders (MSDs) account for a significant number of work-related illnesses in the US workforce. Although the concept of MSD prevention is appealing, little has been done to demonstrate the successful application and benefit of these programs. In 1995, an aircraft manufacturer established a unique risk-management program ...

Six dimensions of the quality of working life were measured to find out the relation ship of burnout and the quality of working life in retail trade and metal industry (N = 2599). Burnout was measured by emotional exhaustion from the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Some demographic variables were included ...

Like it or not, peoples' careers are continually being affected by circumstances beyond their control. However, there are steps one can take to become more flexible and adaptable, and thus more employable, in a changing job market. Job security may be decreasing, but opportunities are increasing overall. Options are available ...

BACKGROUND: This paper provides a brief historical overview of air traffic controller (ATC) selection, reviews current U.S. Air Force (USAF) selection procedures for enlisted ATC trainees, and summarizes the results of three recent studies. METHOD: Study 1 examined the validity of the operational selection test (i.e., Armed Services Vocational Aptitude ...

Hiring good people is tough, but keeping them can be even tougher. The professionals streaming out of today's MBA programs are so well educated and achievement oriented that they could do well in virtually any job. But will they stay? According to noted career experts Timothy Butler and James Waldroop, ...

"Is geographical migration a consequence of the end of unemployment or does it help in finding a job? This question is approached within the general framework of human capital theory.... A model is introduced in the form of a system of two simultaneous equations with qualitative endogenous variables. The test ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of the arts in the lives of those veterinary students and veterinarians who could be found to be active in one or more of the arts. PROCEDURE: Veterinary students and veterinarians active in the arts were sought by advertisement and personal contact. Respondents each completed ...

One hundred ninety-two undergraduate physical education students participated in this study of the influence of individual differences, group, and task factors on respondents' preferences for teaching or coaching. The individual difference factors were gender, managerial potential (Gough, 1984), and sex role attributes (Spence & Helmreich, 1986). The group and task ...

A number of authors in the job design field have proposed production uncertainty, the degree to which a qualified incumbent faces unexpected problems in the course of job performance, as a possible moderator of the effectiveness of job design. However, empirical support for this view is limited and has not ...

OBJECTIVE: The hypothesis for this study was that career commitment mediates the effects of job stress on several work-related attitudes of pharmacists. The effects of job stress, career commitment, met expectations, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment on job turnover intention were also investigated. DESIGN: Cross-sectional mail survey. SETTING: Nationwide sample ...

Low income, medically underserved communities are at increased risk for tuberculosis. Limited population-based national data are available about tuberculous infection in young people from such backgrounds. To determine the prevalence of a positive tuberculin skin test among economically disadvantaged youth in a federally funded job training program during 1995 and ...

A randomized, clinical intervention focused on alleviating job strain was conducted over 6 months by mail and/or telephone with a total of 136 employees of Bank of America. Both the mail and mail plus telephone interventions evidenced positive results, with the mail plus telephone intervention being the more effective. Given ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To identify factors responsible in the selection of anesthesiology as a career by Mayo Clinic house staff (i.e., residents and clinical fellows); to evaluate their level of satisfaction with their choice of career and training program, and their perceptions of the future for anesthesiology trainees. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis ...

PURPOSE: To develop a job-satisfaction measure that encompasses the multifaceted job of internal medicine residency program directors. METHOD: Questions were devised to measure program directors satisfaction with various facets of their jobs. In 1996, the authors surveyed all non-military internal medicine program directors in the United States. RESULTS: Of the ...

"This article uses a unique set of pooled cross-sectional and time series data to examine the annual rate of U.S. immigration during 1972-1991 from 60 source countries. One distinguishing feature of the article is that it breaks out and cross-classifies various classes of immigrants--numerically limited versus numerically exempt and new ...

Reengineering is no longer an event that has a beginning and an end. It is an ongoing process of change that continues to occur in all types of businesses. Because there is no longer the sense of security that doing a job well will guarantee continued employment, workers have to ...

The aim of the study is to answer whether 2 predominant values--achievement or social relations--and reactivity influence (a) the importance of work aspects, (b) satisfaction with them and overall job satisfaction, (c) connections between overall job satisfaction and satisfaction with work aspects. Bank employees were investigated with the Strelau Temperament ...

One hundred and sixty-nine bank employees were investigated with the Orientation to Work Values Inventory by Seifert and Bergmann (values; Seifert & Bergmann, 1983), and the Work Description Inventory by Neuberger and Allerbeck (importance and satisfaction with work aspects, overall job satisfaction; Neuberger & Allerbeck, 1978). The data show complex ...

This paper reviews research on the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model of supported employment for people with severe mental illness. Current evidence indicates that IPS supported employment is a more effective approach for helping people with psychiatric disabilities to find and maintain competitive employment than rehabilitative day programs or ...

The study investigates the impact of organizational restructuring on social work practice at a large, university-affiliated hospital. The article first reviews relevant literature on the patient-focused care model and presents an overview of the study setting. Several hypotheses are then presented that informed the research process. Workload measurement, interview, and ...

A total of 146 Australian grandparents rated their level of satisfaction with grandparenthood as an overall experience and ranked the satisfaction they gained from this role relative to other significant roles in adult life including parenthood, marriage and career. In contrast to the results of a seminal study conducted in ...

OBJECTIVES: To identify and measure intergender and interethnic differences in preferences and expectations of pharmacy students. DESIGN: Two-part survey. One part addressed systematic variations in work-related expectations and preferences between the sexes and among ethnic minorities that may result from cumulative disadvantage or attitudinal traits; the other part focused on ...

For several years new forms of work organization have been introduced by U.S. management to cut labor costs, improve productivity, and increase their shop floor control. Corporations have also invested in computer-controlled machinery in an effort to eliminate large numbers of skilled blue-collar workers and to decrease their reliance on ...

Two telemedicine networks were developed for the purpose of conducting multidisciplinary oncology ("teleoncology") conferences. The infrastructure of each system differed: one system was Internet-based; the other was delivered via Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) lines. The purpose of this study was to describe the infrastructure and cost, consultative process, technical ...

It has been asserted that women's studies classes profoundly influence the students who take them (e.g., Musil, 1992a). This paper reviews the literature on the changes that take place in students as a result of these classes, including changes in self-expression, sense of commitment and responsibility, critical thinking, empowerment, and ...

The Internet is providing new ways to find a new job or a great job candidate. Online job banks can make searches easy, but it's best to have a sense of what type of job bank will best serve your purposes. This article describes six different business models employed by ...

Role breadth self-efficacy (RBSE) refers to employees' perceived capability of carrying out a broader and more proactive set of work tasks that extend beyond prescribed technical requirements. A newly developed scale of RBSE was internally consistent and distinct from the related concepts of proactive personality and self-esteem. In an initial ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present paper was to describe the development of a consumer advocacy program within the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney (NSW, Australia). METHODS: The program was developed within the context of a research project that investigated the effect on outcome of client-focused approaches to community case management ...

When you are exploring your career and where you are headed, it is helpful to consider what aspects of your job turn you on, and of course, those that don't. Energizers are activities that excite and invigorate you or people who lift your heart and inspire you. De-energizers are activities ...

This paper presents a preliminary study on the return to the workforce of employees with WMSDs of the upper limbs, and their reallocation to jobs with 'low exposure'. The study, which is still underway, involves a large engineering firm and includes some 100 workers affected by WMSDs. The trial involved: ...

Job performance and production related issues are important not only to successful vocational training and ultimate job placement for individuals with cognitive disabilities, but also for their ability to have expanded vocational options. This study hypothesized that the application of Kaizen philosophy, and poka-yoke techniques in particular, could create job ...

OBJECTIVE: Based on anecdotal reports of young gastroenterologists facing extreme difficulty in finding a job, we sought to gain information about the success of newly trained gastroenterologists in finding employment in their subspecialty, and to find any possible predictors of unemployment. METHODS: We surveyed all fellows finishing basic or advanced ...

Satisfaction with orientation and the link to overall job satisfaction are important because of the cost of providing new employees with orientation. Matching the teaching style of preceptors with the learning style of orientees is one way to maximize satisfaction. In this article, the author reports the results of a ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Understanding the factors that contribute to student satisfaction may lead to improved education in physical therapy. This study tested the extent to which variables in the personal, interpersonal, and organizational domains influence satisfaction with clinical experiences. SUBJECTS: Physical therapist students (N = 113) in 2 phases of ...

During the 2-year period April 1995 to April 1997, six regional meetings and one national meeting of division chiefs and program directors of adult infectious diseases programs in the United States were held to review fellowship training. Herein, we report data on job availability and job selection for recently graduated ...

For persons with psychiatric disabilities, maintaining a job is often more difficult than acquiring a job. A large proportion of jobs end unsatisfactorily. This study explored job terminations among 63 persons with severe mental illness who participated in competitive jobs through supported employment programs. More than half of the job ...

To succeed in today's competitive world, companies need to continually train their employees to do new jobs and to perform old jobs better. Unfortunately, most on-the-job education and training is wasted, since traditional methods do not get workers to retain what they have learned. This article describes a new method ...

During most of the 1970s and 1980s, the number of biomedical Ph.D.'s conferred in the United States was fairly constant. From 1987 to 1995, however, there was an increase of almost 50% in the number of biomedical Ph.D.'s awarded by U.S. institutions; nearly 70% of this increase can be accounted ...

Title in html: "Status of marine fishery resources in the Andaman Sea". Job number added acc. to DOCREP assignment

PURPOSE: Occupational injury is an ongoing and serious threat to American youth. However, little is known about the environments in which youth work or the hazards to which they are exposed. The purpose of this study was to document the patterns of work, exposures to hazardous equipment and situations, and ...

Reduction in length of stay due to managed care has forced medical model treatment to focus on detoxification and "medically necessary" services at the expense of "wraparound" social services addressing employment, housing, and family problems. Lower staff and infrastructure costs enable social model programs to offer more (nonmedical) services and ...

Action is taken to help a group of registrars to enhance their skills as trainers of senior house officers. To this end, they are provided with guidance to increase the quantity and improve the quality of the questions they ask at a daily business meeting. After a study of the ...

Dentists and many staff enjoy characteristics of work associated with high levels of satisfaction and performance. Although value can be added to oral health care professionals' jobs through enlargement, enrichment, rotations, and autonomous work groups, there are limits to these techniques. Controlling work performance by means of rewards is risky. ...

March and Simon's theory of participation provided the framework for a study of personal and organizational factors predictive of intent to stay. Findings indicate that job satisfaction correlates positively with intent to stay, although interaction effects between social climate, work excitement, and work frustration also are contributory. Conclusions suggest that ...