An occupational pulmonary surveillance program will detect the lung diseases that affect about 20% of the general population: asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, restrictive disorders, and lung cancer. Annual spirometry testing and standardized respiratory questionnaires are useful components of all programs, but because many problems with spirometry testing and interpretation occur, ...

The prevalence of skin test reactivity to 22 aeroallergens and of allergic respiratory diseases was determined in 501 high school students on the island of Tenerife, Spain. Two hundred seventy-seven students (55.2%) had at least one positive prick skin test (wheal > or = 2 mm). Two hundred sixteen students ...

The results of a five-year follow up of asthmatic children and parents who had completed a structured asthma management program are reported. The purpose of this project is (1) to assess treatment satisfaction, and (2) to identify which of the training components are considered most useful and/or which components are ...

Smoking, response to allergen skin testing, and nonspecific airways reactivity in students entering a career program for animal health technicians (AHT) were studied at their entrance and 7 months into the program to determine whether such persons provide a suitable cohort to overcome the selection biases accompanying investigations of occupational ...

A questionnaire designed to measure knowledge about childhood asthma was completed by 216 of the 311 (69%) undergraduate medical students at the University of Newcastle. First year students had a mean score of 16.2 (maximum possible score was 31) which was similar to the background community score of 13.0 obtained ...

A revised version of the Cockpit Management Attitudes Questionnaire (CMAQ) is introduced. Factor analyses of responses from 3 different samples reveal comparable factor structure (previous attempts to factor analyze this measure had produced equivocal results). Implications for the measurement of attitudes and the assessment of attitude change are discussed. It ...

Of 96 asthmatic students 62 said their asthma had not required them to give up any activity but only seven said it had not interfered in some way with their sport. Thirty-nine regarded their asthma as an annoyance and 13 of these were angered by it. Fifty-seven respondents took treatment ...

366 juniors, seniors, and graduate students from seven departments at The Ohio State University were administered the 10-item Edinburgh Handedness Inventory and asked questions concerning familial handedness and personal incidence of allergies or asthma. The rate of left-handedness was 15.6% among the male students and 12.9% among the females. Maternal ...

Previous research has demonstrated that practitioners within the same profession share a common approach to knowledge acquisition and transmission. A search for the identification of this common approach to knowledge in physiotherapy was undertaken using the Epistemic Orientation Model. The research reported was premised on the assumption that students admitted ...

A tool is introduced for the acquisition of pathology knowledge in a formalized form, directly by the expert. Formalization of the knowledge is intended to make descriptive pathology knowledge more suitable for computerized diagnostic support since a formal representation of knowledge allows more extensive indexing, hence more flexible access. The ...

The results of a survey of 98 primary school teachers in inner London showed that they had only limited understanding of asthma and its management. Few teachers had received any teaching or training about the condition; the arrangements for giving antiasthmatic drugs were generally unsatisfactory and caused unnecessary disruption to ...

The major goal of all diagnostic and therapeutic efforts in childhood asthma is to prevent progression of lung disease into adulthood. To improve the uncomfortable situation of underdiagnosis and undertreatment and to lower the risk of acquiring irreversible lung damage, an optimal co-working relationship between family doctor and parents, and ...

This paper examines the relationship between asthma self-management education, medical management of asthma, psychosocial aspects of chronic illness, and behavior modification strategies (including self observation, decision-making and asthma-attack response) among college-age students with a clinical history of asthma problems. The results of a pilot study indicate that after students participated ...

This article focuses on the evolution and assessment of additional self-management programs and strategies following the original development and evaluation of Living with Asthma. In particular, it describes the basis and philosophy underlying a self-management program for adults with asthma. In doing so, it introduces strategies that can be used ...

This paper traces the roots of Living with Asthma, a self-management program for childhood asthma, from the Children's Asthma Research Institute and Hospital (CARIH), a residential treatment center in Denver, Colorado. The basic components of the program were developed and tested over the 40-year history of CARIH; the findings of ...

We have reviewed the needs and problems associated with the evaluation and implementation of programs designed to assist children with asthma and their parents to manage the illness. To date, there are several programs that have been evaluated and found to be effective in terms of the objectives and dimensions ...

Compliance with medical regimens is as poor or poorer in childhood asthma than it is for other chronic illnesses. A spate of self-management programs for childhood asthma has been developed to counteract nonadherence and to enable patients to be more confident and competent in their ability to prevent or control ...

The purpose of the AIR/Kaiser-Permanente asthma project is to evaluate various approaches to the education of adults with asthma, identifying those types of patients for whom particular approaches are most cost effective. Critical self-management practices for adults with asthma were identified using the critical incident technique. An individualized and a ...

This article reviews replications and extensions of Living with Asthma, a self-management system developed and tested at the National Asthma Center in Denver between 1977 and 1980. Research on the system since the latter date has been conducted within the conceptual framework provided by the social or cognitive learning model. ...

A randomized clinical trial is in progress to evaluate an asthma educational program for Latino children and their parents. The intervention, "ACT-Asma Control y Tratamiento Para Niños," was adapted from ACT for Kids, an asthma self-management program for English-speaking families. Results of a pilot study indicated that socioeconomic status was ...

Open Airways is a clinic-based health education program for low income, inner city families of children with asthma. The program was transferred to the public schools to test it in a setting more representative of school-age children with asthma, and to provide health education for families not receiving medical care ...

This study initially assessed in parents of children with asthma, their knowledge of the condition and its management. Using a knowledge questionnaire a mean score for 30 parents of 69.1% was found, with a range between 44% and 86%. The study went on to examine whether an educational intervention program ...

Anemia is a knowledge-based consultation program for anemic states. It has been built using an artificial intelligence programming scheme, called EXPERT, which was developed at Rutgers University. At present, ANEMIA is able to provide assistance in the diagnosis and management of 64 disease entities. They include iron deficiency anemias, anemias ...

Among extremely mathematically and/or verbally precocious students (top 1 in 10,000 in such reasoning ability), the following three physiological characteristics were found at high frequencies: left- or mixed-handedness, asthma and other allergies, and myopia. The first two of these may reflect the effects of a common influence (testosterone) on the ...

In the USA during the past 5 years, there has been a renaissance of scientific interest and research into health education and programs of self-management. It has not, however, always been possible to translate gains in healthy individuals into similar progress for persons with chronic illness. Among chronic disorders affecting ...

Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood, affecting 15 percent of Americans under the age of 15. It ranks first among the chronic disease in causing school absenteeism, and it has been linked to lowered academic performance. An educational program for elementary school teachers has been developed to ...

This article briefly discusses the natural history of asthma, evaluation strategies, patient education programs for asthmatics and their families, as well as monitoring techniques for outpatient management of the asthmatic child. This information should facilitate an aggressive comprehensive treatment program that will not only minimize symptomatic periods but maximize normalization ...

The ultimate objective of a herd health and management program must be optimal farm net profit. Maximal profit can be expected by carrying out a program based on a whole farm approach. A simple and well-ordered registration system is one of the most important aspects for the success of a ...

The first knowledge-based medical consultation program for dermatology is reported. This program uses SEEK, a new facility within the Rutgers University EXPERT system. Our current model gives a differential diagnosis for 13 different tumors with an overall accuracy of 84%. The model uses a formal criteria-based knowledge representation scheme. In ...

Community-based psychiatric treatment and domestic crises have precipitated police officers to intervene with emotionally disturbed people. The investigator hypothesized that an 8-hour educational seminar would significantly improve knowledge and attitudes of police officers toward people experiencing emotional difficulty. A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design (control n = 33, experimental n ...

An experiment involving the participation of mothers of asthmatic children was carried out at the Child Institute of the University of São Paulo, Brazil, a Children's Teaching Hospital. The experiment emphasized an intensive educational program input based on dialogue and problem solving involving both mothers and health professionals. The study ...

Self-help is defined as "a process whereby a layperson functions on his/her own behalf in health promotion and prevention and in disease detection and treatment. . . ." Evidence that benefits are derived for patients who subscribe to the self-care philosophy comes from research in the areas of (1) self-efficacy, ...

Self-management programs for childhood asthma are reviewed from the perspective of the psychology of self-managed change. Three characteristics of self-control behavior are discussed: (1) conscious effort, (2) conflict of choice, and (3) focused attention. The predominant model of self-control, the three-stage model developed by Kanfer and Karoly, is critiqued, and ...

The management of an eight-year-old child with acute asthma was investigated by putting a semi-structured patient management problem (PMP) to 618 general practitioners. Of the 321 (52 per cent) who replied, 112 (35 per cent) would arrange for immediate admission to hospital and a further 154 (48 per cent) would ...

A school-based health education program was conducted for children with asthma. Fifty-three children with asthma participated in the educational program and 51 children who did not participate during the 1st year served as a "comparison group." The program was administered to the "comparison group" during the 2nd year to replicate ...

Blackhead (histomoniasis, enterohepatitis) was diagnosed as the cause of death for three wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) found in widely separated areas in Mississippi. The turkeys came from areas with high turkey population densities and supplemental feeding programs. Finding three sick and/or dead wild turkeys in a year's period suggests ...

State and local allergy societies have appeared in response to pressures created by progressive specialization, increase in knowledge, and need for cost control within the field of allergy and clinical immunology. They provide a mechanism whereby allergists and immunologists with many different interests and functions can work in an integrated ...

Psychosomatists should admit that so far they have largely failed in communicating their knowledge and skills to those outside a limited circle. As a result many sick people suffer more than they need. Students of animal behaviour have made better use of sound and videotape to illustrate the normal and ...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2002.

This article provides an overview of the knowledge and skills required for peripheral venous cannulation, including anatomy and physiology, psychology, consent, vein selection, device selection, infection control, insertion technique, device securement, sharps' disposal and the prevention and management of complications. A period of supervision and assessment of competency is required ...