Alfred Goodman Gilman was born in the same year (1941) that his father and Louis Goodman published the first edition of The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Pharmacology has thus always been part of his life, and in his own career he has focused primarily on cell signaling. For the past ...

This paper investigated subtypes of individuals trained and instructed to malinger Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) through a cluster analysis of their Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) clinical and validity scales. Participants were 84 men and women college students at a community college in the southeastern United States. Two well fitting ...

This study investigated perceived stress by dental students at the University of Jordan. Two hundred sixty-six students out of 290 completed a modified DES questionnaire. The stressors producing the highest ratings for perceived stress were examinations and grades, fully loaded day, and lack of time for relaxation. For the clinical ...

This study set out to examine the relationship between stressors and coping strategies utilized by students, as well the prevalence of depression, anxiety and social dysfunction amongst this group within the cross-cultural framework of the University of the South Pacific (USP). Respondents included students from 10 countries served the University ...

Bridging the gap between graduation from medical school and being board eligible in a medical specialty is a lengthy and arduous process. The fact that stress is typical during the residency training period is well-documented in the literature, as are its many situational, professional, and personal sources, which the author ...

College students, with or without disabilities, are faced with numerous stressful situations within the university environment. For an individual diagnosed with Asperger syndrome, success at this level requires non-traditional supports. With limited knowledge of this disorder, the university staff are faced with a distinct disadvantage in their efforts to outline ...

This research explored the relationship between the meaningfulness of work, personality hardiness, and deriving long-term benefits from a stressful event. U.S. soldiers participating in a peacekeeping mission to Bosnia completed measures assessing the meaning of their work and personality hardiness midway through a 1-year deployment (mid-deployment) and completed a measure ...

Four students with learning disabilities were interviewed about their experiences at work. Two students, one male and one female, were high school seniors and two students, one male and female, were freshmen at a community college. Individual student interviews ranged from 2 to 4 hours. Informal interviews were conducted with ...

The intense battles preceding the recent promulgation of OSHA's Ergonomics Program Standard serve as a case study demonstrating the growing understanding that MSD causation, development, and exacerbation are the result of the combined contribution of (and possibly interaction between) a wide range of biomechanical and psychosocial stressors. The best designed ...

Data suggest that the people employed in the emergency response professions are under unusually high stress. This factor may adversely affect their social, psychological and emotional well-being. The Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) program was devised by Drs. Jeffrey T. Mitchell and George Everly, Jr. in order to help emergency ...

We analysed the perceived stresses associated with the transition from preclinical to clinical teaching among dental students at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago. An anxiety questionnaire was completed by 120 students in their Second and Third Years of study. Because of the institution of a new curriculum, these ...

We attempted to cross-validate findings from a previous study (Elhai, Gold, Sellers, & Dorfman, in press) using a clinical sample of combat-related war veterans to distinguish genuine from malingered posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on the MMPI-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989). The MMPI-2 scores of 124 male combat ...

OBJECTIVE: This paper presents the research study on school stress and the coping strategies children use in public schools in Poland. The main goals were to identify and investigate: (1) school stress components, its frequency and intensity, (2) its psychological and temperamental correlates and consequences, (3) students' coping strategies. METHOD: ...

BACKGROUND: Medical students studying abroad face the double stress of adjusting to a new cultural environment while at the same time, coping with the usual stresses of medical school. In a previous article, we examined the perceived stress and coping of American medical students studying in Israel. AIMS: The current ...

Recent studies have indicated implementation of the CISM Program has impacted and reduced the cost of workers' compensation claims for stress related conditions and the number of lost work days (Ott, 1997; Western Management Consultants, 1996). Occupational health professionals need to be ready to develop and implement a comprehensive critical ...

This paper looks at the support systems that mentors in a trust both need and have. It was a study to examine the causes of stress within mentoring with a view to exploring this aspect of the role and to examine the clinical learning environment. The English National Board (ENB) ...

OBJECTIVE: In a previous study we observed a continuous reduction of salivary IgA concentration ([sIgA]) during a period of academic stress. This reduction of sIgA concentration exceeded the stress period by at least 1 week. The present study aimed to replicate and extend our previous finding. In particular, we wanted ...

Correlations between scores on the Barron Ego Strength Scale and a checklist of 18 Symptoms of stress reactions were calculated for two responses from 503 undergraduate Kuwaiti students (225 men and 278 women). Using total scores on both measures for all students the correlation was -.42, so students with higher ...

Following recent evidence of continuing high levels of distress in both trained and student nurses, a critical review of the stress reduction and stress management literature targeting both trained and student nurses is presented. Using a systematic approach, some 36 studies dating from 1980 until the present day were identified ...

This article describes the development and preliminary validation of a brief questionnaire that assesses exposure to a broad range of potentially traumatic events. Items were generated from multiple sources of information. Events were described in behaviorally descriptive terms, consistent with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV posttraumatic stress ...

Stressful experiences may influence neuroendocrine, immune and cytokine functioning, as well as physical and psychological well being. The present prospective investigation assessed physiological and behavioral variations in anticipation of a critical oral academic examination among graduate students (i.e. related to a dissertation or comprehensive defense). Relative to matched control subjects, ...

Participants who were recruited from various organizations were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 stress management training (SMT) conditions or an assessment-only control group. The groups in the 1st SMT condition were led by external clinical psychologists. The groups in the 2nd SMT condition were led by individuals who held ...

Late-in-life immigrants are often at risk for psychological stress and social isolation because of language problems, small social networks, and cultural differences from the host society. Community intervention programs can reduce such stress and isolation. In this article, the authors describe a Swedish municipality's culturally appropriate intervention program for elderly ...

AIMS: Consultant radiologists appear to be at greater risk of burnout than consultants working in other specialties. The aim of this study was to examine sources of stress and satisfaction at work for radiologists and hospital consultants in other specialties in order to try to understand this difference. MATERIALS AND ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine risk factors for onset of low back pain (LBP) in healthcare workers. METHODS: Nursing students, during their 3 year training period, and 1 year after training were studied in a prospective cohort study, with repeated self reported measurements of determinants of LBP at 6 monthly intervals for ...

The importance of helping an employee to better cope with occupational stress as the aim of stress management interventions is presented. It particularly concerns the employees who have the poorest temperamental and personality potential for effective coping and should be the target of primary stress intervention and prevention. According to ...

The research aim was to select, compare, and analyze interventions and preventive actions from international bus companies to decrease bus drivers' occupational stress and sickness absenteeism. Through networking, international surveys, and literature study, 13 "natural experiments" were identified with an acceptable research design rating. Interventions were both work and person ...

Ninety volunteers in a media organization were randomly allocated to an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT, n = 30) group that sought to enhance people's ability to cope with work-related strain, an Innovation Promotion Program (IPP, n = 30) that helped individuals to identify and then innovatively change causes of ...

Twenty-five members of a class of 45 medical students preparing for final examinations were voluntary participants in a pre-examination stress-control exercise conducted four weeks before the start of examinations. The students completed short questionnaires before and after reading the typewritten script of a counselling session of a member of their ...

PURPOSE: To document the types and levels of stress experienced by general surgery program directors as they fulfill their education and administrative responsibilities. METHODS: This study consisted of a 3-part survey that incorporated 2 established instruments to help determine the presence of burnout in program directors. A personal projects analysis ...

Recent studies indicate potential links among work organization, job stress, and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs). In this paper we propose several pathways for a theoretical relationship between job stress and WRMDs. These pathways highlight the physiological, psychological, and behavioral reactions to stress that can affect WRMDs directly and indirectly. One ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the responses of middle and high school students exposed to the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing across a spectrum of loss. METHOD: A questionnaire measuring exposure, personal consequences, initial response, and current posttraumatic stress and other symptoms was administered to 3,218 students 7 weeks after the explosion. RESULTS: ...

Unmanaged emotional reactions to stress not only lead to behavior problems in young people but also create physiological conditions that inhibit learning and potentially increase the risk of disease later in life. For these reasons, the integration of emotional self-management skills training programs has become an increased priority in some ...

A longitudinal questionnaire study of 314 medical students followed up as preregistration house officers (PRHOs) and again 7 years later showed laboratory-based doctors were the least happy with their choice of career and were the most stressed now, while surgeons were the most happy with their choice and the least ...

The Dental Environment Stress questionnaire was used to identify and quantify sources of stress for 205 Australian Bachelor of Dental Surgery students. A factor analysis revealed negative self-efficacy beliefs accounted for almost one third of the total variance, and despite higher stress levels reported by females, a marked similarity in ...

AIM: To assess whether 'eye education' through short-term, high-intensity joint reading sessions may improve diagnostic accuracy and inter-observer agreement among beginners. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventeen cardiologists with absent to minimal (<100 studies performed) previous stress echo experience independently and blindly read 18 stress echo studies, nine at the beginning ('pre-training' ...

OBJECTIVE: This clinical assessment was designed to identify middle and high school students in need of formal evaluation for posttraumatic response symptoms following the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. METHOD: A clinical needs assessment instrument was developed and administered to grade 6 through ...

This issue of the Annals of Occupational Hygiene is dedicated to the topic of heat stress evaluation. For this evaluation, several evaluation programs and international standards are available. In order to understand the reasoning and underlying theory behind these programs and standards, a basic knowledge of heat exchange processes between ...

This study examines the relationships between alexithymic characteristics and their psychological factors (i.e., maternal closeness) and the sympathetic system in a sample of male college students. At the resting period, low frequency (LF)/ high frequency (HF) ratio, as an index of sympathetic activity, was significantly higher for students with high ...

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between professional isolation of teachers and their occupational stress. A systematic random sample of 1,110 teachers in Quebec were administered French Canadian versions of the UCLA Loneliness Scale and Teacher Stress Inventory. Analysis gave, as expected, a positive and significant ...

There have been a variety of research approaches that have examined the stress issues related to human computer interaction including laboratory studies, cross-sectional surveys, longitudinal case studies and intervention studies. A critical review of these studies indicates that there are important physiological, biochemical, somatic and psychological indicators of stress that ...

A student under optimal stress does bring out his or her best, However extremes of stress can result in stress induced disorders and deteriorating performance. Can yoga be of benefit in stress induced effects in medical students? The present study was conducted in first MBBS students (n = 50) to ...

Clinical learning experiences provide a means for developing the knowledge, skills, and values essential for practice in nursing. Although some research has examined student stress in the beginning of a clinical course, few studies have focused on the stress of clinical practice at the completion of a course. This research ...

This paper reports upon a comparative study in an English health authority of stress experiences between 146 current Diploma in Nursing (Project 2000) Adult Branch students and a prior study of a sample of 146 students who undertook a certificate course leading to Registered General Nurse (RGN) in 1988. Both ...

A 36-item questionnaire was used to investigate the stress perceived by students at Manchester Dental School to potential stressors, grouped under the headings of living accommodation, personal factors, educational environment, academic work and clinical factors. The stressors producing the highest ratings for perceived stress varied throughout the course but high ...

Journal Writing, meditation, and telling our stories by reviewing our lives and harvesting the wisdom we've gained are productive activities for the present. The practice of journal writing is an integral part of accepting the aging process and making the elder years enjoyable and fulfilling. Meditation provides a way to ...

Anesthesia education is highly stressful. Some stress motivates students, but excess stress leads to failure and unhappiness. While stress cannot be eradicated from the practice of anesthesia, it can be managed, especially when its signs are recognized early. The purposes of this study were to determine the perception of students' ...

The purpose of this article is to describe the training of military occupational therapy personnel in a unique application of their professional skills. Ergonomic principles of training for stressful environments were implemented to ensure training effectiveness and transfer of skills to combat situations. Training schedules, casualty role-play scenarios, critical incident ...

The aim of the paper was to determine the level of stress-perception for the students under examination, to recognise its main causes as well as to determine what methods are used by students in order to help them overcome stress. The analysis of these behaviours was carried out according to ...

An investigation of war-trauma was made utilizing an initial pool of 1,268 undergraduates at the American University of Beirut. Based on the number of war events the students had experienced, 400 students were invited to return for further questioning about their present stress characteristics. Inventories measuring anxiety, depression, and PTSD ...