PURPOSE: The study purpose was to determine tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes, and practice behaviors of American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) members. METHODS: A 26-item survey was distributed to a national, random sample of 1,700 AAPD members. Frequencies, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals assessed factors related to tobacco control behaviors. ...

Discovery of RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) is widely recognized as one of the most significant molecular biology breakthroughs in the past 10 years. There is a need for science educators to develop teaching tools and laboratory activities that demonstrate the power of this new technology and help students to better understand ...

Tobacco Purchase-Use-Possession laws (PUP) are being implemented throughout the US, but it is still unclear whether they are effective in reducing smoking prevalence among the youth targeted by these public health policies. In the present study, 24 towns in Northern Illinois were randomly assigned to one of two conditions. One ...

A key element of Philip Morris's (PM's) corporate social responsibility initiatives is "societal alignment", defined as "strategies and programs to meet society's expectations of a responsible tobacco company". This study explored the genesis and implementation of Philip Morris' (PM) societal alignment efforts. The study retrieved and analysed approximately 375 previously ...

It is thought that "transportation"--absorption into the narrative flow of a story--may play a role in influencing resistance to persuasion. We hypothesized that advertising that disrupts the experience of narrative transportation may be adversely appraised by audiences. This study aimed to explore the influence of two types of television programs: ...

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate knowledge of coronary artery disease (CAD) risks factors and coronary intervention in adult students of Karachi East. To calculate the mean knowledge score about CAD risk factors among them. METHODS: A multi center crossectional study was conducted in Universities and colleges of Karachi East from April-September 2005. ...

AIM: To examine self-efficacy and program exposure as possible mediators observed treatment effects for a web-based tobacco cessation intervention. DESIGN: The ChewFree trial used a two-arm design to compare tobacco abstinence at both the 3- and 6-month follow-up for participants randomized to either an enhanced intervention condition or a basic ...

This intervention study focused on evaluating the effectiveness of teaching tobacco prevention in children using ToPIC, an interactive program. The program was presented in 2 or 3 class sessions to increase awareness of health risks related to tobacco use. Participants consisted of 201 students from the Boys and Girls Clubs ...

BACKGROUND: Training in tobacco cessation counseling is deficient in medical schools. Tobacco World, a tobacco cessation training program, was implemented in a family medicine clerkship and subsequently evaluated. METHOD: In the pilot year, students were assigned to either standard clerkship training (comparison group) or a group that also received Tobacco ...

Pharmacotherapy substantially increases smoking cessation rates. However, programs to reduce barriers to this evidence-based treatment may not improve access among high risk immigrant non English speaking populations. This study estimates the effectiveness of a tailored free nicotine patch (NRT) program among Chinese American smokers living in New York City (NYC). ...

There remains a great need for effective, cost-efficient, and acceptable youth smoking cessation interventions. Unfortunately, only a few interventions have been demonstrated to increase quit rates among youth smokers, and little is known about how elements of cessation interventions and participants' psychosocial characteristics and smoking histories interact to influence program ...

BACKGROUND: We evaluated a pedometer-based community intervention under real-world conditions. METHODS: Participants (n=559) provided demographic and health information using surveys and steps/d at baseline and during the last week the participants were in the program. A 1-year follow-up was conducted, but in keeping with real-world conditions, no incentives were offered ...

OBJECTIVE: The authors developed a smoking cessation program using mobile phone text messaging to provide tailored and stage-specific messages to college smokers. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: The authors recruited 31 daily smokers who desired to quit from a college campus and asked them to use an Internet and mobile phone text ...

Few studies have examined the long-term efficacy of computer-based smoking prevention and cessation programs. We analyzed the long-term impact of A Smoking Prevention Interactive Experience (ASPIRE), a theoretically sound computer-based smoking prevention and cessation curriculum for high school students. Sixteen predominantly minority, inner-city high schools were randomly assigned to receive ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine how sociodemographic variables, in particular socioeconomic status, correlate with current and regular smoking among college students in Rhode Island. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Over a 4-year period (academic year 2000--2001 to 2003--2004), the authors examined sociodemographic correlates of cigarette use among 3,984 ...

OBJECTIVES: To study the awareness, perceptions and practice of university students in Karachi, Pakistan, with regard to shisha (waterpipe) smoking. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey conducted among students at four different universities of Karachi, selected through random cluster sampling. RESULTS: A total of 450 participants, 59.6% males (n=268) and 40.4% females (n=182), ...

Smoking is a burning healthcare and economy issue, especially in underdeveloped countries. The aim of this study was to determine the number of smokers among elementary school students in Montenegro and to assess the correlates of tobacco use. The study was done in 2003 using the World Health Organization Global ...

In the United States, tobacco control activities are organized primarily in state tobacco control programs. These programs are comprised of public and private agencies working together to reduce tobacco use. The human, financial, and informational resources that go into state tobacco control programs are documented, and the outcomes of these ...

OBJECTIVE: To provide researchers with an unambiguous definition of anaemia using haemoglobin. METHODS: Review of recommendations by expert groups and review of the literature. RESULTS: This report provides an unambiguous approach to haemoglobin adjustments to define anaemia using international criteria. When determining anaemia using haemoglobin, it is important to account ...

Although waterpipe tobacco smoking seems to be increasing on U.S. university campuses, these data have come from convenience samples. We aimed to determine the prevalence of and associations with waterpipe tobacco smoking among a random sample of students. We surveyed a random sample of graduate and undergraduate students at a ...

BACKGROUND: State-level tobacco quitlines are integrating nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) into service. Because of funding limitations some provide short courses of NRT. No randomized trial has evaluated the relative benefit of short versus standard treatment. DESIGN: A two-cell randomized trial comparing 2 weeks of NRT to 8 weeks. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Uninsured ...

For the past decade and a half a concerted effort has been undertaken to determine whether policy interventions in residential location can solve the problems of inner-city poverty and racial concentration. Studies based on data from the Gautreaux litigation and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)-sponsored Moving ...

Thirty per cent of school districts in British Columbia do not ban smoking outright on school grounds, and in several instances, smoking is permitted in smoking pits, regardless of school district policy. While there is evidence to suggest that enforcing a tobacco-free environment for students does reduce adolescent smoking rates, ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the school-based drug abuse prevention program developed in the EU-Dap study (EUropean Drug Abuse Prevention trial) in preventing the use of tobacco, alcohol and drugs at the post-test. METHODS: Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial. Seven European countries participated in the study; 170 schools (7079 pupils ...

We used a consumer-driven approach to develop a model smoking-cessation program for women. Four focus groups (N = 23 [5-7/group]), each lasting 2 hours, were led by a professional moderator and audiotaped in 2004. Researchers reviewed transcripts; key themes were identified using scrutiny techniques (Ryan and Bernard, 2003). Necessary elements ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Not-On-Tobacco Program. METHODS: Forty-four high schools implemented the program (n=241 students), with 27 comparison schools (n=251 students). Students reported smoking in the last 7 and 30 days at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS: Those in the program had an increased likelihood of reporting 30-day ...

This research examined the longitudinal pathways from earlier violent television exposure to later drug dependence. African American and Puerto Rican adolescents were interviewed during three points in time (n = 463). Exposure to violent television programs in late adolescence predicted exposure to violent television programs in young adulthood, which in ...

BACKGROUND: Tobacco dependence counseling is recommended to be included as core curriculum for US medical students. To date, there has been little information on students' self-reported skills and practice opportunities to provide 5A's (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange) counseling for tobacco cessation. METHODS: We conducted anonymous surveys of second ...

Planning skills play a key role in higher developmental processes. The Tower of London test not only measures planning skills, but also the ability to execute plans. Yoga practices aim to bring about higher development. Can a Yoga-based education system be shown to meet this challenge? This study was aimed ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine correlates of perceived access to cigarettes at home, school, and the store among youth. METHODS: Virginia middle school youth were surveyed before beginning tobacco prevention programs. Multivariate analyses examined household smoking, peer smoking, and perceived community tobacco use for their relationship to perceived access at home, school, ...

The Military Times magazines are seen as an independent source of news and information on the military and are widely read by military members. Given the influence of Military Times as a powerful media outlet within the military and marketing to military personnel by the tobacco industry, we examined tobacco ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess parent behavioral change and perception of resident intervention on tobacco. METHODS: In a long-term study of the efficacy of training pediatric residents to address tobacco conducted at the New Jersey Medical School, sixteen pediatric training programs were assigned randomly to either special or standard training conditions. Parent ...

AIM: To outline competencies to guide smoking cessation delivery by health workers in New Zealand. METHODS: The cessation competencies were developed from a literature review of competencies measurable and relevant to New Zealand, the evidence for effectiveness of different interventions from the 2007 New Zealand Smoking Cessation Guidelines, and consultation ...

Although Australia's restrictive tobacco control policies have made it an international leader in reducing smoking prevalence, and only 7% of teens smoke weekly, cessation efforts are still needed among adolescents. Of the campaigns and programs implemented in Australia to reduce this problem among adolescents, most have provided only abstinence messages ...

This paper examined how smoking policies and programs are associated with smoking behavior among Grade 10 students (n = 4709) between 1999 and 2001. Data from the Tobacco Module from the School Health Action Planning and Evaluation System were examined using multilevel logistic regression analyses. We identified that (i) attending ...

INTRODUCTION: Secondhand smoke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It has been associated with serious health problems in both children and adults. Efforts to reduce exposure to secondhand smoke in Nebraska have included programs to prevent tobacco use among young people and campaigns for smoke-free workplaces and homes. ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this paper is to use data collected in the 2001 and 2005 Lebanon Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) to monitor articles in the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). This information is necessary to enhance the capacity of the Ministry of Health and relevant ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of recent behavioural interventions in the prevention of cigarette use among children and youth and to compare the effectiveness of different school-based, community-based and multisectorial intervention strategies. METHODS: A structured search of databases and a manual search of reference lists was conducted. Randomised controlled ...

BACKGROUND: This article examines differences and similarities in adolescent tobacco use among Member States of the Health Ministers' Council for the Gulf Cooperation Council (HMC/GCC) using Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data. METHODS: Nationally representative samples of students in grades associated with ages 13-15 in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of educational intervention on knowledge, attitude and practices with regard to water pipe smoking among adolescents (14-19 years old) in Karachi. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of adolescents aged 14-19 years studying at different educational institutions of Karachi, Pakistan was conducted through multistage sampling on a ...

BACKGROUND: To investigate the correlates of youth tobacco use in terms of nonsmoking adolescents' openness to future smoking, a secondary analysis of the 2000 and 2004 Indiana Youth Tobacco Survey (IYTS) was conducted. METHODS: A representative sample of 1416 public high school students in grades 9-12 and 1516 public middle ...

Cigarette smoking among college students is prevalent and correlated with other unhealthy behaviors. Reinforced abstinence (e.g., contingency management) has been demonstrated to be an effective method for reducing substance use in a variety of populations and across a variety of drugs, including cigarettes. Reinforced abstinence has seldom been used specifically ...

Tobacco use is one of the major preventable causes of premature death and disease in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) attributes approximately 5 million deaths per year to tobacco use, a number expected to exceed 8 million per year by 2030. In 1999, the Global Youth Tobacco Survey ...

Tobacco addiction is a treatable health care problem. Employers are experiencing major annual increases in the cost of providing health insurance benefits. The expenditures due to smoking-related diseases are a major contributor to the escalating cost of employer-sponsored health and life benefit plans. An initiative that employers have adopted to ...

OBJECTIVES: Indonesia has the fifth highest rate of annual cigarette consumption per person of all countries worldwide. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) was developed to provide data on youth tobacco use to countries for their development of youth-based tobacco control programs. Data in this report can be used as ...

BACKGROUND: Schools in many countries undertake programmes for smoking prevention, but systematic reviews have shown mixed evidence of their effectiveness. Most peer-led approaches have been classroom-based, and rigorous assessments are scarce. We assessed the effectiveness of a peer-led intervention that aimed to prevent smoking uptake in secondary schools. METHODS: We ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of tobacco-related attitudes and practices among medical students who study in a designated 'No-Smoking University' in Pakistan's largest city, Karachi. It further highlighted some challenges for tobacco control at the university. METHODS: The study design adopted mixed methods. It commenced with an initial qualitative phase ...

To study if receptivity and exposure to tobacco marketing are correlated with tobacco use and psychosocial risk factors for tobacco use among a sample of urban Indian youth. Analysis of cross-sectional survey data from Project MYTRI, a group randomized intervention trial, in Delhi and Chennai, India, collected from sixth and ...

BACKGROUND: Initial trials of web-based smoking-cessation programs have generally been promising. The active components of these programs, however, are not well understood. This study aimed to (1) identify active psychosocial and communication components of a web-based smoking-cessation intervention and (2) examine the impact of increasing the tailoring depth on smoking ...

OBJECTIVES: The retail environment provides important opportunities for tobacco industry communication with current, former, and potential smokers. This study documented the extent of tobacco promotions at the retail point-of-sale and examined associations between the extent of tobacco promotions and relevant city and store characteristics. METHODS: In each of 20 Ontario ...