Adhesion regulating molecule 1 (ADRM1), a 19S proteasome cap-associated protein, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a protein transcription factor controlling DNA transcription, may play an important role in tumorigenesis. Overexpression of ADRM1 and activation of NF-κB are well-observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little is known about whether both are ...

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood and the most frequently diagnosed neoplasm during infancy. Oct4 and Sox2 are essential transcription factors for embryonic development and play key roles in determining the fate of stem cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression of ...

Foxp3 is a master regulator of the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Previous studies have reported that Foxp3 is also expressed in tumour cells and promotes tumour immune evasion. However, the regulation of the expression of Foxp3 in tumour cells remains unclear. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member ...

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates key cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis; and its activation promotes development of several cancer types. Expression of CD43 (leukosialin), the predominant leukocyte transmembrane sialoglycoprotein, has been detected in many tumors of non-hematopoietic origin. CD43 participates in cell adhesion and regulates intracellular signal transduction pathways ...

Twist-1 protein (also called Twist) has been suggested to be involved in tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related progression, however, the mechanism by which twist promotes lymph node metastasis is not fully understood. In the present study, we found that nuclear twist expression is clearly correlated with lymph node (LN) metastasis ...

Centroblastic diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of p53, Bcl-2, Survivin, XIAP, and Ki-67. Survivin was the only protein which expression exhibited a trend for impact in progression-free (p = .077) and overall survival (p = .054). In the Mann-Whitney test, ...

Upon disruption of ER homeostasis, plant cells activate at least two branches of the unfolded protein response (UPR) through IRE1-like and ATAF6-like transducers, resulting in the upregulation of ER-resident molecular chaperones and the activation of the ER-associated degradation protein system. Here, we discuss a new ER stress response pathway in ...

E2F transcription factors regulate gene expression in concert with the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor family. These transcriptional complexes are master regulators of cell cycle progression and, in addition, control the expression of genes involved in DNA repair, G 2/M checkpoint and differentiation. E2F3 has recently attracted particular attention, because it is ...

The gene for the INK4 family Cdk inhibitor p15 (INK4B) is frequently deleted or inactivated in multiple types of human cancers, indicating that p15 is a tumor suppressor. p15RS is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein that is positively regulated by p15 and, in turn, inhibits the expression of cyclin D ...

Chromosome 1p36.23 is frequently deleted in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). miR-34a localizes in this region. Our experiments found that miR-34a was often deleted and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was frequently amplified in genomic DNA of 55 GBMs using single-nucleotide polymorphism DNA microarray. Notably, we found that the mean survival time ...

Lethal giant larvae proteins have key roles in regulating polarity in a variety of cell types and function as tumour suppressors. A transcriptional programme initiated by aberrant Snail expression transforms epithelial cells to potentially aggressive cancer cells. Although progress in defining the molecular determinants of this programme has been made, ...

Ribosomal protein (RP) L23 has been suggested to be a negative regulator of cell apoptosis. In the present study, we analyzed RPL23 expression in 169 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) by using real-time PCR. The apoptosis of CD34(+) marrow cells was examined by flow cytometry, and the correlation between RPL23 ...

Nuclear export of mRNAs is thought to occur exclusively through nuclear pore complexes. In this issue of Cell, Speese et al. identify an alternate pathway for mRNA export in muscle cells where ribonucleoprotein complexes involved in forming neuromuscular junctions transit the nuclear envelope by fusing with and budding through the nuclear ...

The extracellular matrix protein biglycan (Bgn) is a leucine-rich proteoglycan, which is involved in the matrix assembly, cellular migration and adhesion, cell growth and apoptosis. Although a distinct expression of Bgn was found in a number of human tumors the role of this protein in the initiation and/or maintenance of ...

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) modulates vascular cell function in vitro and in vivo via regulating the expression of specific genes. Previously we reported that a transcriptional mechanism controls LPA-induced expression of early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1) in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Egr-1 is a master transcription factor mediating the ...

Abstract Nuclear-factor-E2-related transcription factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates a large panel of Phase II genes and plays an important role in cell survival. Nrf2 activation has been shown as preventing cigarette smoke-induced alveolar enlargement in mice. Therefore, activation of the Nrf2 protein by small-molecule activators represents an attractive therapeutic strategy that ...

The intrinsic zone-specific properties of the menisci are determined by biomechanical environments. In this study, we examined mechanical stretch-dependent expression of multifunctional growth factor CYR61/CTGF/NOV (CCN) 2, and investigated the role of CCN2 in meniscus cells. Uni-axial cyclic tensile strain (CTS) was applied using a STB-140 system. CTS-induced expression of ...

Osteoclast differentiation is influenced by receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand (RANKL), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and CD9, which are expressed on bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts. In addition, osteoprotegerin (OPG) is known as an osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor. In this study, we investigated whether bisphosphonates and statins increase OPG ...

Many cancers express an array of chemokines which have the capacity to modulate the nature and function of intratumoural leukocyte infiltrates. In malignant mesothelioma (MM) neither the chemokine signalling networks nor their regulation have been investigated despite the prominence of leucocytic infiltrates in both clinical and experimental tumours. In this ...

TGF-β is a potent pleiotropic factor that promotes small intestinal cell differentiation. The role of microRNAs in the TGF-β induction of intestinal epithelial phenotype is largely unknown. We hypothesized that microRNAs are functionally involved in TGF-β-induced intestinal cell growth. In this study, TGF-β caused a morphological change of IEC-6 cells ...

Glutamatergic synapses on some hippocampal GABAergic interneurons exhibit activity-induced long-term potentiation (LTP). Interneuron types within the CA1 area expressing mutually exclusive molecular markers differ in LTP responses. Potentiation that depends on calcium-permeable (CP) AMPA receptors has been characterized in oriens-lacunosum moleculare (O-LM) interneurons, which express parvalbumin and somatostatin (SM). However, ...

Plants have as many as 20 heat shock factors (Hsfs) grouped into three classes, A, B and C, based on sequence similarity and modular structures. Through screening for cell death-inducing factor(s) in Nicotiana benthamiana, we identified Arabidopsis HsfB2b□and thus subjected all other members of Arabidopsis Hsf class B (HsfB1, HsfB2a, ...

Endogenous levels of the breast cancer susceptibility 2 (BRCA2) protein promote homologous recombination by regulating the essential strand exchange protein RAD51. To examine BRCA2 function in homologous recombination, we expressed human BRCA2 in control mouse hybridoma cells as well as those that were siRNA depleted for endogenous Brca2. With moderate ...

Abstract Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is often viewed as a cytoprotective gene. Toxic heavy metals induce HO-1, but it is unclear whether particular metal micronutrients also induce HO-1. Hence, the ability of exogenously-added copper, iron, and zinc to influence HO-1 expression in HCT-116 cells was evaluated. Under the chosen experimental conditions, ...

The serotonin transporter (SERT) is a key regulatory molecule in serotonergic transmission implicated in numerous biological processes relevant to human disorders. Recently, it was shown that SERT expression is controlled by miR-16 in mouse brain. Here, we show that SERT expression is regulated additionally by miR-15a as well as miR-16 ...

microRNAs (miRNAs) mainly function as post-transcriptional regulators and are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis. Mouse testes express a large number of miRNAs. However, physiological roles of these testicular miRNAs remain largely unknown. Using microarray and qPCR assays, ...

During embryonic development, the emergence of hematopoiesis and vasculogenesis is tightly associated, with many transcription factors implicated in both developmental processes. Among those factors, ETV2 acts at the top of the hierarchy and controls the formation of both lineages. However, it is not known at which stage of mesoderm development ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Although the importance of the hematopoietic transcription factor PU.1 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been demonstrated, the expression of PU.1 in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patient samples awaits further investigation. The current study used APL patient samples to assess the expression pattern of PU.1 in the initiation ...

Context:The loss of E-cadherin enhances cell invasiveness. There is increasing evidence that high-grade serous ovarian cancer may arise from oviductal epithelial cells rather than the ovarian surface epithelium. Despite the controversy over the cellular origins of this disease, the roles of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in human oviductal epithelial cells ...

mRNA expressions related to osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells on electro-polished smooth (S), sandblasted small-grit (SSG) and sandblasted large-grit (SLG) surfaces of titanium alloys were investigated in vitro. Gene expression profiles of cells were evaluated using the RT2 Profiler PCR microarray on day 7. Mineralizing tissue-associated proteins, differentiation factors and ...

SALL4 (sal-like protein 4) is a pluripotency transcription factor, which is highly expressed in embryonic stem (ES) cells and which is essential for mouse preimplantation development. In adult mouse organs, Sall4 mRNA is highly expressed in the testis and ovary, while there is only little or no expression in other ...

In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of the constitutive expression of an antioxidant enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) during differentiation of human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. We observed that the class π GST isozyme (GST P1) expression correlated with the increased expression of caudal related homeodomain protein 2 ...

Expression of PTPRJ, which is a ubiquitous receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase, is significantly reduced in a vast majority of human epithelial cancers and cancer cell lines (i.e. colon, lung, thyroid, mammary, and pancreatic tumours). A possible role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in the negative regulation of PTPRJ expression has never been ...

The Krüppel-like factors, KLF1 and KLF2, positively regulate embryonic β-globin expression, and have additional overlapping roles in embryonic (primitive) erythropoiesis. KLF1-/-KLF2-/- double knockout mice are anemic at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) and die by E11.5, in contrast to single knockouts. To investigate the combined roles of KLF1 and KLF2 in ...

Matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP-14) is the only membrane anchored MMP that plays a critical role in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying MMP-14 expression in tumors still remain largely unknown. In this study, MMP-14 immunostaining was identified in 29/42 neuroblastoma (NB) tissues, which was correlated with clinicopathological features ...

Reprogramming somatic cells to pluripotent status typically requires forced expression of pluripotency determinant transcription factors that poses risk of mutagenesis. We report here non-genetic approach for reprogramming of skeletal myoblasts (SM) using a small molecule.SM purified from young male Oct3/4-GFP+ transgenic mouse were treated for 5 days with valproic acid ...

Homospermidine synthase (HSS) is the first specific enzyme in pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) biosynthesis, a pathway involved in the plant's chemical defense. HSS has been shown to be recruited repeatedly by duplication of a gene involved in primary metabolism. Within the lineage of the Boraginales, only one gene duplication event gave ...

PURPOSEIncreased ZAP-70 expression predicts poor prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Current methods for accurately measuring ZAP-70 expression are problematic, preventing widespread application of these tests in clinical decision making. We therefore used comprehensive DNA methylation profiling of the ZAP-70 regulatory region to identify sites important for transcriptional control. PATIENTS ...

Alzheimer's disease is confirmed at autopsy according to the accumulation of brain neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Neuritic plaques contain amyloid-β (Aβ) and lower levels of Aβ correspond to an increase in ADAM10 α-secretase activity. ADAM10 α-secretase activity produces a soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP) alpha (sAPPα) ...

Resistin is a significant local and systemic regulatory cytokine involved in inflammation. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are intracellular regulators of receptor signal transduction induced by several cytokines in a cytokine and cell specific manner. Resistin up-regulates SOCS3 expression in mice adipocytes but it is not known whether this ...

Thrombin, a G protein-coupled receptor agonist, induced a biphasic expression of cyclin D1 in primary vascular smooth muscle cells. While both phases of cyclin D1 expression require binding of the newly identified cooperative complex, NFATc1-STAT-3, to its promoter, the second phase which is more robust depends on NFATc1-mediated recruitment of ...

Antibody class defines function in B cell immunity, but how class is propagated into B cell memory remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that memory B cell subsets unexpectedly diverged across antibody class through differences in the effects of major transcriptional regulators. Conditional genetic deletion of the gene encoding the ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The polyhedrin gene promoter has an essential role in regulating foreign gene expression in baculovirus expression vector systems (BEVS); however, the high-level transcription mechanism is still unknown. One-hybrid screening in yeast is a powerful way of identifying rapidly heterologous transcription factors that can interact with the polyhedrin promoter ...

Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3); ATO, TRISENOX®) is used to treat patients with refractory or relapsed acute promyelocytic leukaemia while its application for treatment of solid cancers like glioblastoma is still under evaluation. In the present study, we investigated the interaction of arsenic trioxide with metallothionein (MT) isoforms as a possible (protective ...

The acidophilic Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans can resist exceptionally high cadmium (Cd) concentrations. This property is important for its use in biomining processes, where Cd and other metal levels range usually between 15 and 100 mM. To learn about the mechanisms that allow A. ferrooxidans cells to survive in this environment, a bioinformatic ...

In response to oxidative stress, the transcription factor Nrf2 is upregulated and controls activation of many genes that work in concert to defend cells from damages and to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. p53 has been regarded as the guardian of the genome through its prooxidant and antioxidant functions. Under low ...

The trophoblast cells at the maternal-fetal interface express an unusual combination of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C, HLA-E and HLA-G. Altered expression of HLA-G on the extravillous cytotrophoblast has been implicated in the etiology of recurrent miscarriages (RMs). We have assessed HLA-G expression in extravillous cytotrophoblast in cell cultures prepared from ...

Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke (Compositae) is indigenous to India and Pakistan. The dried root of S. lappa has been traditionally used for alleviating pain in abdominal distention and tenesmus, indigestion with anorexia, dysentery, nausea, and vomiting. Santamarin is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from S. lappa. In the present study, santamarin ...

The nucleolar MSP58 protein is a candidate oncogene implicated in modulating cellular proliferation and malignant transformation. In this study, we show that knocking-down MSP58 expression caused aneuploidy and led to apoptosis, whereas ectopic expression of MSP58 regulated cell proliferation in a context-dependent manner. Specifically, ectopic expression of MSP58 in normal ...

The anti-apoptotic gene, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), has been reported to be overexpressed in gliomas and is related to tumor prognosis, suggesting a potential therapeutic target. Additionally, recent studies have demonstrated the existence of brain glioma stem cells (BGSCs) which are tumorigenic, self-renewable and dominate the biological behavior of gliomas. Currently ...