In Arabidopsis thaliana, lateral root (LR) formation is regulated by multiple auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA)-AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) modules: (i) the IAA28-ARFs module regulates LR founder cell specification; (ii) the SOLITARY-ROOT (SLR)/IAA14-ARF7-ARF19 module regulates nuclear migration and asymmetric cell divisions of the LR founder cells for LR initiation; and (iii) the ...

Root system architecture plays an important role in determining nutrient and water acquisition and is modulated by endogenous and environmental factors, resulting in considerable developmental plasticity. The orientation of primary root growth in response to gravity (gravitropism) has been studied extensively, but little is known about the behaviour of lateral ...

It is well known that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is involved in the toxicity of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Recent experiments have shown the induction of impaired tooth and hard-tissue formation by AhR pathway activation, however, the effect on periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue remains ...

Kim Y-S, Shin S-I, Kang K-L, Herr Y, Bae W-J, Kim E-C. Nicotine and lipopolysaccharide stimulate the production of MMPs and prostaglandin E ( 2 ) by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α up-regulation in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodont Res 2012; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01487.x. ©2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective:  ...

Abstract Adriamycin is an anti-cancer drug effective against a wide range of cancers. However, its clinical application is limited by its cardiotoxicity. A number of reports suggest that adriamycin induces bodyweight loss also. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adriamycin on adipogenesis as bodyweight chancges ...

Cutaneous melanomas may be quite heterogeneous in their clinical, histological and molecular findings. Correlating these features may help identify distinctive subgroups of melanomas and improve our overall understanding and prognostication of melanoma. We recently identified a subgroup of melanomas with increased chromosomal copy number gains in 8q24 at MYC having ...

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) plays a key role in physiological and pathophysiological processes as a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that is regulated by cofactors. ERα-mediated transcriptional regulation is closely correlated with the mobility of ERα in the nucleus in association with the nuclear matrix, the framework for nuclear events including transcription. ...

Teleost fish scale is a dermal skeleton equipped with a strong regenerative ability. Owing to this regenerative ability, teleost fish scale can be used as a model for the regeneration of the dermal skeleton. However, there is insufficient fundamental knowledge of the regeneration, and this limits the usage of fish ...

Lin S-J, Lu H-K, Lee H-W, Chen Y-C, Li C-L, Wang L-F. Nitric oxide inhibits androgen receptor-mediated collagen production in human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodont Res 2012; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01484.x. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective:  In our previous study, we found that flutamide [an androgen receptor ...

Oshiro A, Iseki S, Miyauchi M, Terashima T, Kawaguchi Y, Ikeda Y, Shinomura T. Lipopolysaccharide induces rapid loss of follicular dendritic cell-secreted protein in the junctional epithelium. J Periodont Res 2012; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01482.x . © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective:  We have previously reported that mRNA ...

Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns that activate IL-1β is regulated by inflammasomes, predominantly of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family. NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the innate immune responses in periodontal disease. This is an inflammatory condition that destroys the tooth-supporting (periodontal) tissues, initiated by the subgingival formation of ...

Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition that destroys the tooth-supporting tissues, as a result of local bacterial infection. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobic species, highly associated with aggressive periodontitis. Periodontal inflammation is dominated by cytokines of the Interleukin (IL)-1 family. Prior to their secretion by mononuclear cells, IL-1 cytokines ...

FoxC1 and FoxC2 are forkhead transcription factors that play essential roles during development and physiology. Despite their critical role, the mechanisms that regulate the function of these factors remains poorly understood. We have identified conserved motifs within a previously defined N-terminal negative regulatory region of FoxC1/C2 that conform to the ...

Mouzakiti E, Pepelassi E, Fanourakis G, Markopoulou C, Tseleni-Balafouta S, Vrotsos I. Expression of MMPs and TIMP-1 in smoker and nonsmoker chronic periodontitis patients before and after periodontal treatment. J Periodont Res 2012; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01465.x.© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective:  Nonsurgical periodontal treatment controls periodontal inflammation. ...

Stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α has been reported to play a crucial role in stem cell homing and recruitment to injured sites. However, no information is available about its role in periodontal tissues. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and ...

Although periodontal tissue is continually challenged by microbial plaque, it is generally maintained in a healthy state. To understand the basis for this, we investigated innate antiviral immunity in human periodontal tissue. The expression of mRNA encoding different antiviral proteins, myxovirus resistance A (MxA), protein kinase R (PKR), oligoadenylate synthetase ...

Four and a half LIM domains 2 (FHL2) functions as a transcriptional co-activator or co-repressor in a cell-type-specific manner. As a positive regulator, FHL2 plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Our previous study showed that FHL2 was expressed in odontoblasts in mature human teeth under normal ...

The expression and function of aquaporins (AQPs) in the peripheral nervous system is a relatively under-investigated subject. Since the original description of AQP1 mRNA expression in the trigeminal ganglion in 2004, there has been significant progress in describing the expression, regulation and function of AQPs in the peripheral nervous system. ...

Abstract -  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of dental pulp cells for tissue engineering derived from the fractured incisal portion of tooth crowns. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were used for histological and immunohistochemical analysis of nestin protein expression and to measure levels of mRNAs encoding osteocalcin, osteopontin, ...

The Exon Junction Complex (EJC) is loaded onto mRNAs as a consequence of splicing and regulates multiple post-transcriptional events. MLN51, Magoh, Y14 and eIF4A3 form a highly stable EJC core, but where this tetrameric complex is assembled in the cell remains unclear. Here, we show that EJC factors are enriched ...

Tight coordination between plastid differentiation and plant development is best evidenced by the synchronized development of photosynthetic tissues and the biogenesis of chloroplasts. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana roots demonstrate accelerated chlorophyll accumulation and chloroplast development when they are detached from shoots. However, this phenomenon is repressed by auxin ...

A R2R3 MYB transcription factor, OsMYB2P-1 was identified from microarray data by monitoring the expression profile of rice seedlings exposed to phosphate (Pi) deficient medium. Expression of OsMYB2P-1 was induced by Pi starvation. OsMYB2P-1 was localized in the nuclei and exhibited transcriptional activation activity. Overexpression of OsMYB2P-1 in Arabidopsis and ...

Chronic periodontitis (CP) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are complex inflammatory conditions. Higher levels of MMP-1 were found in fluids and gingival tissues from CP patients and in the blood and tissues from ESRD patients. MMP1-1607 (1G/2G) is a functional polymorphism, as it alters MMP-1 expression. OBJECTIVE: The aim of ...

Subcellular localization and dynamics of mRNAs control various physiological functions in living cells. A novel technique for visualizing endogenous mRNAs in living cells is necessary for investigation of the spatiotemporal movement of mRNAs. A pumilio homology domain of human pumilio1 (PUM-HD) is a useful RNA binding protein as a tool ...

The Family with sequence similarity 5 member C (FAM5C) has been suggested to contribute in aggressive periodontitis. However, there is no data regarding its role in chronic periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the FAM5C expression in chronic periodontitis and to study association of FAM5C with key ...

Porphyromonas gingivalis alters cytokine expression in gingival epithelial cells, stimulating inflammatory responses that may lead to periodontal disease. This study explored the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the specific expressions of the interleukins (ILs) IL1B, IL6, and IL8 induced by the pathogen. Human gingival epithelial cells were co-cultured with P. ...

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the aberrance of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) in patients with IgA Nephropathy (IgAN). Materials and Methods: In this study, H3K4me3 variations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 15 IgAN patients and 15 healthy subjects were analyzed using ...

SHORT-ROOT (SHR) is a key regulator of radial patterning and stem-cell renewal in the Arabidopsis root. Although SHR is expressed in the stele, its function in the vascular tissue was not recognized until recently. In shr, the protoxylem is missing due to the loss of expression of microRNA165A (miR165A) and ...

Small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged to play critical roles in cardiovascular biology. Monocytes critically drive atherosclerotic lesion formation, and can be subdivided into a classical and non-classical subset. Here we scrutinised the miRNA signature of human classical and non-classical monocytes, and compared miRNA expression profiles of atherosclerotic plaques from ...

Oral Diseases (2012) doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2012.01924.x Objectives:  The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between podoplanin expression and proliferative activity of ameloblastomas and remnants of the odontogenic epithelium from dental follicles (DF) of unerupted teeth. Subjects and methods:  Thirty-three paraffin-embedded ameloblastomas and thirty-two DF obtained of unerupted teeth ...

Iwayama T, Yanagita M, Mori K, Sawada K, Ozasa M, Kubota M, Miki K, Kojima Y, Takedachi M, Kitamura M, Shimabukuro Y, Hashikawa T, Murakami S. Adiponectin regulates functions of gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. J Periodont Res 2012; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01467.x.©2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective:  ...

Tooth morphogenesis is regulated by sequential and reciprocal interaction between oral epithelium and neural-crest-derived ectomesenchyme. The interaction is controlled by various signal molecules such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Hedgehog, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and Wnt. Zeb family is known as a transcription factor, which is essential for neural development ...

Cementoblasts are cells that produce, secrete and direct the production of cementum. Resorption lacunae occur in over 90% of teeth at the compression side of the periodontal ligament and might result in an irreversible loss of the original root length. We isolated and cultivated human primary cementoblasts and investigated their ...

Periodontal ligament-associated protein-1 (PLAP-1/asporin) is a special marker in periodontal ligament tissue. It is an important regulator of osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). This marker is also a prerequisite for periodontal ligament development and mineralization in maintaining homeostasis of the periodontium. However, the molecular mechanisms of the regulation ...

A simple and highly sensitive electrochemical assay for ligation-free and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-free microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling is described in this work. The electrode used in the assay was made of a monolayer of stem-looped capture probes (CPs) comprising of a miRNA complementing region at one end and detection ...

Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is expressed in developing tissue, where it stimulates cell differentiation and migration. Further, Tβ4 is expressed during molar development in mice, but the expression and function of Tβ4 in odontoblasts during mammalian tooth development have not yet been reported. Therefore, this study examined the expression and function ...

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an incurable malignancy that is caused by exposure to asbestos and is accompanied by severe fibrosis. Because MM is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and clinical identification of early lesions is difficult, its molecular pathogenesis has not been completely elucidated. Nearly 75% of MM cases ...

Urotensin-II (U-II) is the peptide agonist for the U-II receptor (UT). Putative UT antagonists, urantide and UFP-803, have been found to have variable efficacy in a range of assays. We have used siRNA-mediated RNA interference to probe the efficacy of these ligands compared to U-II. Knockdown of human UT occurs ...

Gingival lesions of squamous hyperplasia, cystic keratinizing hyperplasia (CKH), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can be induced in rats treated by chronic gavage with 10-100 mg/kg 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazobenzene. We evaluated gingival squamous hyperplasia (GSH), CKH, and SCC for the immunohistochemical pattern of expression of carcinogenesis-associated markers. The 3 types of lesions ...

Certain white adipose tissue (WAT) depots are readily able to convert to a "brown-like" state with prolonged cold exposure or exposure to β-adrenergic compounds. This process is characterized by the appearance of pockets of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-positive, multilocular adipocytes and serves to increase the thermogenic capacity of the organism. ...

Cytokines are critical mediators of inflammation and host defenses. Regulation of cytokines can occur at various stages of gene expression, including transcription, mRNA export, and post-transcriptional and translational levels. Among these modes of regulation, post-transcriptional regulation has been shown to play a vital role in controlling the expression of cytokines ...

The root apex of the tooth elongates until the completion of root development. Although the signaling molecules inducing root elongation have been studied, the characteristic of the cells having the ability to maintain the root elongation remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the cells involved in ...

Rb1 is a tumor suppressor gene that regulates cell cycle progression through interactions with E2F transcription factors. In recent years, new roles for Rb1 in regulating cellular differentiation have also emerged. For example, it has been shown that Rb1 regulates osteoblast differentiation in a cell cycle independent manner, by binding ...

Group I introns have been engineered into trans-splicing ribozymes capable of replacing the 3'-terminal portion of an external mRNA with their own 3'-exon. Although this design makes trans-splicing ribozymes potentially useful for therapeutic application, their trans-splicing efficiency is usually too low for medical use. One factor that strongly influences trans-splicing ...

Plastid thioredoxins (TRXs) f and m have long been considered to regulate almost exclusively photosynthesis-related processes. Nonetheless, some years ago, we found that type-f and m TRXs were also present in non-photosynthetic organs such as roots and flowers of adult pea plants. In the present work, using pea seedlings 2-5 ...

Gradients of the plant hormone auxin, which depend on its active intercellular transport, are crucial for the maintenance of root meristematic activity. This directional transport is largely orchestrated by a complex interaction of specific influx and efflux carriers that mediate the auxin flow into and out of cells, respectively. Besides ...

MtPAR (Medicago truncatula proanthocyanidin regulator) is an MYB family transcription factor that functions as a key regulator of proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis in the model legume Medicago truncatula. MtPAR expression is confined to the seed coat, the site of PA accumulation. Loss-of-function par mutants contained substantially less PA in the seed ...

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various human cancers. In multiple myeloma (MM), aberrant auto-and/or paracrine activation of canonical Wnt signaling promotes proliferation and dissemination, while overexpression of the Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf1 (DKK1) by MM cells contributes to osteolytic bone disease by inhibiting osteoblast differentiation. ...

One of the most regulated steps of translation initiation is the recruitment of mRNA by the translation machinery. In eukaryotes, this step is mediated by the 5'end cap-binding factor eIF4E bound to the bridge protein eIF4G and forming the eIF4F complex. In plants, different isoforms of eIF4E and eIF4G form ...

Adhesion molecules play important roles in airway hyperresponsiveness or airway inflammation. Our previous study indicated catenin alpha-like 1 (CTNNAL1), an alpha-catenin-related protein, was downregulated in asthma patients and animal model. In this study, we observed that the expression of CTNNAL1 was increased in lung tissue of the ozone-stressed Balb/c mice ...