1. We have investigated the effects on body temperature of rats and rabbits of leucocyte pyrogen derived from the blood of rat, rabbit, ox, pig and baboon. 2. In the rabbit intravenous injections (3.5 ml.) of solutions containing leucocyte pyrogen derived from ox, pig and rabbit blood produced fevers with ...

Supravital excitability to electrical stimuli (for convenience, supravital electrocontractility (S.Ec) of the gastrocnemius muscle of rats and bullfrogs was examined after "somatic death" and the time during which S.Ec could be detected (S.Ec duration) was measured. S.Ec of the gastrocnemius muscle of rats and bullfrogs depended on temperature. The maximum ...

The pharmacokinetics of 14C-antipyrine were studied in rats with fever induced by intracerebroventricular injections of prostaglandin E1. The rats were used as their own controls with at least 5 days between the control and the fever period. The effect of temperature on rates of antipyrine metabolism (oxidation followed by conjugation) ...

Rats were given thallium acetate (5 mg elemental thallium/kg body weight) intra-peritoneally daily for 7 days. The brain was fixed by perfusion-fixation and small pieces of the cerebellum were processed for electron microscopy. Variegated mitochondrial profiles, increased incidence of electron--dense bodies and proliferation of Golgi zones were observed in the ...

Since pathological changes in the liver are among the consistent findings in humans subsequent to heatstroke, specimens were taken from the liver in rats during a study to assess the rat as a model for human heatstroke. Tissues from four groups of rats were processed for light and electron microscopy. ...

Using x-ray microprobe analysis, we studied Michaelis-Gutmann bodies (M-G bodies) in malakoplakia tissue samples from human kidney and testis as well as from lesions experimentally induced in the rat. In all the M-G bodies tested we could unambiguously detect calcium at both its Kalpha and Kbeta lines. The actual amount ...

In this study the formation of the chromatoid body during rat spermatogenesis was studied by electron microscopy. The formation of the chromatoid body was divided into three stages: the mitochondrial stage, the condensing stage and the maturing stage. During meiotic prophase there were seen similar pores in the nuclear envelope ...

Kangaroo rats deprived of food ran themselves to death in 48 h in wheel cages. Despite the loss of 14.5% of body weight the ratio of water to protein was the same after the run as it was in control rats. Metabolic measurements at rest and in the running wheel ...

Rats exposed to 2g environments (achieved by centrifugation) exhibit a decreased ability to maintain colonic temperature (Tco) when challenged with a 1 hr drop in ambient temperature (Ta). As an extension of this work the present study considers whether the altered ability to maintain Tco is proportional to the magnitude ...

An attempt was made to replicate the conflicting previous reports of hypo- and hyperthermic effects of intrahypothalamically administered carbachol. Despite using the same coordinates, injection parameters, and strain of rats reported by others, only hypothermia was conclusively demonstrated. It was concluded that the cholinergic system mediates heat loss mechanisms in ...

Male rats 87 days of age were given daily 90-minute sesions of voluntary exercise on self-operated treadmills pre-set to deliver speeds ranging from 6.1 to 73.2 m/minute and slopes of 0 to 27 degrees. Voluntary motivation to operate the treadmills was induced by maintaining the rats at constant body weights ...

Piribedil produces a pronounced hypothermia both in mice and rats. This hypothermia was prevented by previous administration of dopamine receptor blocking agents (spiperone in mice and rats, pimozide in mice), tricyclic antidepressant drugs (imipramine, clomipramine, desipramine) in mice and LSD in rats. Administration of agents acting on serotonin receptors (cyproheptadine, ...

Serotonin and dopamine content in the central nervous system of Mytilus edulis (Bivalvia) was assayed fluorometrically. Acclimating the animals for 2 to 4 days at a constant temperature higher than the environmental temperatures produced substantial increases in endogenous central nervous system serotonin and decreases in dopamine. p-Chlorophenylalanine and alpha-propyldopacetamide not ...

A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the influence of meal frequency on nitrogen balance and body composition of rats. Rats were either fed 2 hours per 24 or 48 hours (meal-eaters), or pair-fed to meal-eaters with an automated feeding machine (nibblers). Rats weighing approximately 250 g initially, were ...

The experiments of mechanical isolation of medial hypothalamus from the lateral hypothalamus and the preoptic anterior hypothalamic (POAH) region in rats showed that: 1. The interruption of neural connections between POAH area and medial hypothalamus do not prevent the decrease of food intake which normally occur in a hot environment. ...

The plasma concentration of L-carnitine in scalded rats was determined to be greater (p less than or equal to 0.05) than that of control rats at 6 h following the administration of a 20% body surface, full-thickness burn produced by scalding in a 100 degrees C water bath for 15 ...

1. Previous clinical and experimental reports have suggested that the systemic administration of ethyl alcohol permits lower body temperatures before the onset of hypothermic cardiac arrest. 2. In the investigations described here, the effect of ethyl alcohol on the temperature at which cardiac arrest occurred in rats, guinea-pigs and isolated ...

A method is described which allows to measure thermoregulatory effective conditioned behaviour in rats. This method makes it possible to vary the preset ambient temperature (Ta) in a wide range. The results only deal with subnormal Ta (normal housing temperature 23 degrees C). Rats are able to acquire a conditioned ...

Trypticase soy broth was superior to nutrient and lactose broths as a preenrichment medium for the detection of Salmonella in artificially and naturally contaiminated gelatin. The detection rate for Salmonella were further enhanced when homogenization of the gelatin-broth mixture was accomplished by the use of gelatinase rather than by heating ...

Quinine HCl in doses from 10-50 mg/kg lowered the body temperatures of nonfebrile rats in the cold, primarily by suppressing shivering. However, if given an opportunity to turn on a heat lamp the rats worked much more than normal after a quinine injection and were theraby able to counteract the ...

Various concepts of thermoneutrality were considered for a proposed study of the role of hypothalamic amines in temperature regulation of rats. The classic definition, the ambient temperature over which metabolic rate is minimum and constant, gave a range of approximately 28 to 32 degrees C. However, within this temperature range ...

Body heat dissipation rates were determined in greyhound and beagle dogs, the rabbit, and the rat. Each group of animals was confined in standard cages in a controlled environment room maintained under conditions of 24 degrees C, 50% relative humidity, and fixed ventilation rats. Food and water were available ad ...

Rats in which central noradrenergic terminals have been damaged by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the cerebral ventricular system have been used to study the possible role of noradrenaline (NA) in the effect of trauma on thermoregulation. In non-injured rats the 6-OHDA treatment did not affect the threshold environmental temperature (Ta) ...

1. Tissue oxygen uptake and enzyme activities were investigated in the naked mole rat, Heterocephalus glaber, a mammal notable for its low body temperature and metabolism and poor temperature regulating ability. 2. Q10 for O2 uptake of Heterocephalus crude liver homogenates ranged from 1.91 for the temperature interval 25-30 degrees ...

One hundred seventy-four 21- to 24-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were continuously exposed to a 60 Hz electric field of 150 V/cm for one month in ten separate experiments. Biological effects observed included depressed body weights, serum corticoids, and water consumption. The findings are tentatively in terpreted as indicating that a power ...

This study was stimulated by popular belief that Trigonella foenum graecum has antidiabetic activity in which the hypoglycemic effect has been confirmed by several investigators. However, the mode of action appears to be unclear. To gain some insight, the stems and leaves of the plant as well as the known ...

Rats fasted for 48-96h before exposure were shown to have a longer survival time at groups 33,500 ft (1 ft = 0.305 m) simulated altitude than nonfasted controls. Although both become hypothermic at 33500 ft, colonic temperatures of the fasted rats were not sufficiently lower than those of nonfasted animals ...

Studies were undertaken to determine the component(s) responsible for the temperature optimum characteristic of the protein-synthesizing system from skate and rat. 1. The macromolecular constituents of rat and skate liver ribosomes are compared. The number of ribosomal proteins is similar in the two species, although most proteins display different electrophoretic ...

Exposure of intact and ovariectomized rats to high ambient temperature (34.4 degrees C, 60-65% relative humidity) resulted in reduction of their body weight, increased water consumption. The feed consumed which was lowered by 25% initially, did not alter later. Intact rats were also subjected to a still higher ambient temperature ...

Male rats kept at a temperature of 4 degrees-5 degrees C were refractory to a lethal dose of aflatoxin compared to animals at 20 degrees-21 degrees C which exhibited a high mortality and marked liver damage. It is suggested that this decreased susceptibility is mediated through a stimulated microsomal drug-metabolizing ...

Sixteen rats were killed 22 hrs after being injected with a dose of 4 mCi(198)Au mixed with 16 mg of inert colloidal gold/100g body wt. The anterior nasal mucosa of the septum and turbinates in 10 rats which were injected and kept in a temperature of 5-7 degrees C showed ...

The transport of nucleic acids from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is a potential site for modification of normal cellular processes by drugs and hormones. In this study the effect of phenobarbitone on nucleocytoplasmic transport of ribosomes was measured in an assay system in vitro. The transport of radioactive ribosomes ...

Following a survey of the problems associated with the comparative study of measures of physique in domesticated and laboratory animals, techniques were developed for the measurement of body build in the adult albino laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus). They involved anesthetisation of the animals and the use of calipers and a ...

Electrical self-stimulation (SS) in the median raphé of the rat but not in the locus coeruleus resulted in a dramatic rise of body temperature. This hyperthermia was facilitated by pretreatment with a inhibitor of serotonin uptake. The functional significance of the hyperthermia elicited by stimulation of the media raphé was ...

Specific destruction of at least 90% of the noradrenergic neurons in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic region (PO/AH) by local injection of 9-hyroxydopamine (6-HDA) did not disrupt thermoregulation by rats either in the heat or the cold. Examination of the multiple effector mechanisms suggested that thermal balance was maintained in a normal ...

The effects of preoptic/anterior hypothalamic injections of acetylcholine on heat-escape behavior and hypothalamic temperature were investigated in unrestrained rats implanted with bilateral cannulae. Two types of responses were observed, either a fall in hypothalamic temperature coupled with an increase in behavioral responses to escape heat or a rise in hypothalamic ...

Changes in the temperature, pH, and partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the cervical canal and cavum uteri were measured in women with or without an intrauterine device and in the uteri of rats throughout the cycle. Only the PO2 exhibited significant variations, rising during the ovulatory phase in both ...

Partitional calorimetry was performed on burned rats with and without excision of the adrenal medullae; animals were housed at ambient temperatures of 20 and 28 C. Rates of excretion of urinary nitrogen were determined for the 12 hours before calorimetry runs. Covering the burn wound with polyethylene returned the evaporative ...

The combustion product from gauze-PAN (Polyacrylonitrile) micture was used as a material for the evaluation of the combined effects of CO and HCN. Rats and mice were exposed for 30 min. to the combustion products. In mice experiments, the time at which animals turned laterally and were killed, was measured. ...

High molecular weight ribosomal RNA has been isolated from normal rat liver and from the livers of rats treated with aminonucleoside. Melting curves of the rRNA from treated rat livers were shifted to higher temperatures. The melting temperatures were found to be 62.5 and 66 degrees C for normal and ...

By using a highly specific radioimmunoassay the formation of tri-iodothyronine by the deiodination of thyroxine was studied in rat liver homogenate. Several observations suggest that the reaction observed is enzymic in nature. Pre-heating the homogenate for 30 min at 56 degrees C completely abolished conversion of thyroxine into tri-iodothyronine; the ...

The effect of lowered host-environmental temperature upon the development and maturation of the preerythrocytic tissue stages of rodent malaria parasites has been investigated in two strains of Plasmodium berghei originating from the highlands of Katanga. Young albino rats inoculated with massive sporozoite doses of P. berghei NK 65 and maintained ...

High ambient temperature (34.4 C degrees and 60-65% relative humidity (RH) did not affect foetal survival when bred female rats were exposed between day-8 and -18 (Day-0=day of breeding). Heat-stress at this intensity given on day-0 was critical for embryonic and/or foetal survival rate and more so, if the ambient ...

A method for determining body fat in vivo in rats by whole-body counting of 40K is described. The technique utilizes a Nuclear Chicago Corporation TOBOR system with 5-in thallium-activated sodium iodide crystals. To test the method a regression equation was developed using the 40K counts and body weight of young ...

Male rats were given a quinine adulterated fluid as their sole source of liquid for over 60 days. After a latency of a few days, fluid intake stabilised at about 20 ml/day, with the water to food ratio close to 1.0 ml/g. Bodyweights fell to 90 percent of control levels ...

The acetylcholine reversal potential (Er) of cultured rat myotubes is -3mV. When activated, the receptor is permeable to K+ and Na+, but not to Cl- ions. Measurement of Er in Tris+-substituted, Na-free medium also indicated a permeability to Tris+ ions. Unlike adult frog muscle the magnitude of Er was insensitive ...

The concurrent neural control of two thermoregulatory responses, shivering thermogenesis (ST) and nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), was investigated in chronically implanted cold-exposed rats. The effects of heating the preoptic/anterior hypothalamus (POAH) on shivering and on the rate of oxygen consumption (Vo2) were measured in these unanesthetized animals. With ambient temperature maintained ...

The regulatory properties of D-fructose-1, 6-diphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase (FDPase, EC 3.1.3.11) derived from livers of the albino rat and the golden Syrian hamster have been studies. The comparative analysis of the kinetics of saturation by fructose-1, l-diphosphate (FDP) and inhibition by FDP and by the allosteric ligand adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) revealed ...

The response pattern of the rectal temperature of unanesthetized rats exposed to an acute heat in a room of 42.5 degrees C, rh 40% was analyzed in relation to survival time (S), equilibrium rectal temperature (Te), rise in Te from the initial temperature (Delta Te), and the slope of the ...

The effects of stess by extreme temperature or immobilization on rat embryo implantation were investigated. One group of rats remained at 4 degrees C. at different days of progravidity. Other rats on L-3 of pregnancy remained at 39 degrees C. or immobilized. All the animals were put to death on ...