OBJECTIVES: Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), like other persistent organic pollutants (POPs), are widespread, global environmental contaminants. Th ese compounds still represent a great environmental problem, mostly because of the risk of secondary air pollution. They are characterized by long durability and tendency to bioaccumulate, which means that they are practically ubiquitous ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteonecrosis (ON) is an important complication of medical therapy. The exact pathomechanisms of ON has not been clearly elucidated. There is a need for a reproducible animal model that better approximates the clinical scenario. METHODS: To determine the genetic susceptibility of rats to develop GC-induced femoral ...

Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP/Izm) develop severe hypertension, and more than 95% of them die of cerebral stroke. We showed the vulnerability of neuronal cells of SHRSP/Izm rats. Furthermore, we analyzed the characteristics of SHRSP/Izm astrocytes during a stroke. It is known that the proliferating ability of SHRSP/Izm astrocytes is ...

1. The role of hepatic uptake (Oatp1a1 and Oatp1b4) and efflux (Bcrp and Mrp2) transporters in the disposition of rosuvastatin were investigated using the isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL). A simple physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model was developed to quantitatively determine the interplay between the individual transporters. 2. Uptake and elimination of ...

The Spontaneously Diabetic Torii-Lepr ( fa ) (SDT-fa/fa) rat is a new model of obese type 2 diabetes. The SDT-fa/fa rat shows obesity and hyperglycemia at a young age compared to the Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT-+/+) rat; however, bone abnormalities in the SDT-fa/fa rat have not been investigated. The objective ...

Based on the nucleotide sequence of a mouse prostaglandin-specific transporter (mOAT-PG), we identified a rat homologue (rOAT-PG) which shares 80 % identity with mOAT-PG in deduced amino acid sequence. The rOAT-PG transports PGE2 and colocalizes with 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), a metabolic enzyme for PGs, in proximal tubules, suggesting that rOAT-PG ...

Deposition of the Aβ peptide in senile plaques and cerebral Aβ angiopathy can be stimulated in Aβ-precursor protein-transgenic mice by the intracerebral injection of dilute brain extracts containing aggregated Aβ seeds. Growing evidence implicates a prion-like mechanism of corruptive protein templating in this phenomenon, in which aggregated Aβ itself is ...

The duration of sustained seizures (SS) plays a crucial role in the occurrence of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) in experimental animals. We tested whether rats with varying durations of initial convulsive SS exhibited differential neurogenesis patterns in the hippocampal dentate gyrus that may be related to subsequent epileptogenesis. Sprague-Dawley rats ...

The naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is a strictly subterranean, extraordinarily long-lived eusocial mammal. Although it is the size of a mouse, its maximum lifespan exceeds 30 years, making this animal the longest-living rodent. Naked mole rats show negligible senescence, no age-related increase in mortality, and high fecundity until death. ...

The spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rat is best known as an inducible model of large artery stroke. Spontaneous strokes and stroke propensity in the spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rat are less well characterized; however, could be relevant to human lacunar stroke. We systematically reviewed the literature to assess the brain ...

We investigated the neurobiological bases of variation in response to predator stress (PS). Sixteen days after treatment (PS or handling), rats were grouped according to anxiety in the elevated plus maze (EPM). Acoustic startle was also measured. We examined the structure of dendritic trees of basolateral amygdala (BLA) output neurons ...

Pain influences many aspects of daily living and effective analgesics should reinstate normal spontaneous daily behaviours. Experiments are described herein which show that the innate, spontaneous behaviour of burrowing by rats, which can be simply and objectively assessed by measuring the amount of gravel left in a hollow tube 1h ...

Mammalian eggs await fertilisation while arrested at the second metaphase stage of meiotic division. A network of signalling pathways enables the establishment and maintenance of this metaphase-II arrest. In the absence of fertilisation, mammalian eggs can spontaneously exit metaphase II when parthenogenetically stimulated, or sometimes without any obvious stimulation. Ovulated ...

To find out whether and how deficit of cellular energy supply from mitochondria to cytosol occurs in aging and hypertension, we used mitochondria isolated from 5 to 72 week-old heart left ventricle of either normotensive (WKY) or spontaneous hypertensive (SH) rats as a model system. Measurements were made of the ...

Previously linkage and substitution mapping were conducted between the Dahl Salt-sensitive (S) rat and the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) to address the hypothesis that genetic contributions to blood pressure (BP) in two genetically hypertensive rat strains are different. Among the BP quantitative trait loci (QTLs) detected, two are located on ...

l-3-Hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and d-3HB are enantiomers that exist in various rat tissues, and the ratio of the 2 compounds is of importance since it may affect glucose utilization in cardiomyocytes. In this study, we determined the concentrations of l-3HB and d-3HB in the tissues of normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic ...

Background: Increased levels of intestinal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are thought to worsen portal hypertension. The cause of the increase in the level of intestinal VEGF found during cirrhosis is not known. Aim: To demonstrate a relationship between portal pressure (PP) and intestinal/plasma VEGF levels in different stages of ...

PURPOSE: To assess optic nerve (ON) regeneration after injury by applying manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) in a study of comparative physiology between nonregenerating rat and mouse species and regenerating frog and fish species. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The normal visual projections of rats, mice, frogs, and fish was visualized by intravitreal MnCl(2) ...

Altered hepatocellular focus was histopathologically observed in the liver of a 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley rat. The hepatocytes within this lesion had diffusely eosinophilic cytoplasm with scattered basophilia and slightly enlarged nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Based on these cytological characteristics, the lesion of these hepatocytes was classified as an amphophilic focus. This ...

We compared ascorbic acid (AA) levels in the blood and TPA- and fMLP-stimulated superoxide (O(2)(•-)) production in neutrophils of pre-, early, and late hypertensive stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) with those of age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY), or two other normotensive strains of rats. Plasma and lymphocyte AA levels were ...

OBJECTIVE: To use imaging and laboratory techniques to evaluate the vascular distribution of magnetofluid in a rat model of liver metastases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The livers of 33 WAG/Rij Crl rats were seeded with CC-531 colorectal cancer cells. After we checked tumor development, 10 rats received hepatic intra-arterial infusions of ...

Disruption to the sensitive balance of long-chain fatty acids and glucose in the heart could cause cardiovascular diseases. Searching for a possible role of novel protein kinase C (nPKC) in heart with disrupted energy balance, we compared the insulin-resistant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which carry a nonfunctional variant of the ...

Objective:It is unclear whether elevated spontaneous physical activity (SPA, very low-intensity physical activity) positively influences body composition long term. We determined whether SPA and caloric intake were differentially related to the growth curve trajectories of body weight, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) between obesity resistant and Sprague-Dawley rats ...

Arginine-vasopressin (AVP), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortin 1 (Ucn1) play a role in the stress response. The CRF-producing paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), oval bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTov) and central amygdala (CeA), and the Ucn1-expressing non-preganglionic Edinger-Westphal nucleus (npEW) all possess AVP receptors. We hypothesized that ...

The purpose of this article is to provide for practitioners a comprehensive overview of respiratory diseases, both infectious and noninfectious, in the mouse, rat, hamster, and gerbil. The information presented will also be useful for veterinarians pursuing board certification. Anatomy and physiology are briefly addressed, as those two facets alone ...

Reservoir hosts of pathogenic Leptospira species, including wild and domestic animal species, persistently excrete leptospires from infected renal tubules via urine into the environment. Reservoir hosts are typically asymptomatic. In contrast to the hamster model of leptospirosis (described in UNIT 12E.2), which emulates the severe form of human leptospirosis, the ...

Our previous studies have shown that Plasmodium berghei infection induces distinct clinical, parasitological and immunological states in young susceptible rats versus adult resistant rats. This susceptibility was mainly found to be related to inadequate cellular responses. In this study we first identified the altered genes in young susceptible rats. Unexpectedly, ...

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine, which is a critical inflammatory mediator involved in aging and neurodegenerative diseases of aging. Previous work has shown that diets enriched with antioxidants reduce levels of the cytokine TNF-α and improve classical eyeblink conditioning performance. Therefore we tested the hypothesis ...

Apixaban, a potent and highly selective factor Xa inhibitor, is currently under development for treatment of arterial and venous thrombotic diseases. The distribution, metabolism, and elimination of [(14)C]apixaban were investigated in male, female, pregnant, and lactating rats after single oral doses. Tissue distribution of radioactivity in rats was measured using ...

dl-Praeruptorin A (Pd-Ia), isolated from Chinese traditional herbal medicine Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn, has been proved to be a novel Ca(2+)-influx blocker and K(+)-channel opener, and displayed bright prospects in prevention and therapy of cardiac diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of ...

The aim of the present study was to characterize the preclinical pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion profiles of porcine fibrinogen in rats after intraperitoneal injection of a porcine-derived fibrin glue. A sensitive and rapid isotope-labeled assay method was developed and validated for quantitative analysis in biological analysis. Porcine fibrinogen, the ...

Photodynamic therapy is mainly used for treatment of malignant lesions, and is based on selective location of a photosensitizer in the tumor tissue, followed by light at wavelengths matching the photosensitizer absorption spectrum. In molecular oxygen presence, reactive oxygen species are generated, inducing cells to die. One of the limitations ...

Aims: It is unknown whether hypothermia can disrupt the progress of epileptogenesis. The present study aimed to determine the effect of hypothermia on brain edema and epileptogenesis and to establish whether brain edema is associated with epileptogenesis after severe status epilepticus (SE). Methodology: Rats were injected with a single dose ...

The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) as both pro and anti-inflammatory agent in allergic, airway inflammatory, and asthmatic diseases and the active participation of eosinophils in such ailments have been previously suggested. NO modulates eosinophil number, migration and their survival. The microenvironment of NO synthase (NOS) in subcellular organelles determines ...

The aim was to investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction between puerarin and edaravone, and the effect of borneol on the brain distribution kinetics of puerarin in rats. A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of puerarin and edaravone in rat plasma. The detection ...

Coumarin components from Psoralea corylifolia L. are novel drugs in which psoralen and isopsoralen are the active components. The pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of the two compounds were studied by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after intravenous administration to Wistar rats. The elimination half-lives of psoralen and isopsoralen were 4.88 ...

Phosphatidylserine plays an important role in cell membranes. We have reported the occurrence of phosphatidyl-D-serine (D-PS) in the rat cerebrum. Here, we describe the tissue distribution of D-PS in the rat. The D/D+L ratio of D-PS in the cerebrum was 0.9%, while no detectable amount of D-PS was detected in ...

Adult rat hypothalamo-pituitary axis and choroid plexus are rich in basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) which likely has a role in fluid homeostasis. Towards this end, we characterized the distribution and modulation of FGF2 in the human and rat central nervous system. To ascertain a functional link between arginine vasopressin ...

The stereotactic delivery of therapeutic agents into brain has been problematic because of reflux and leakage of the delivered agent. Good distribution of infusates by convection-enhanced delivery (CED) depends very much on cannula design, precise cannula placement and infusion rates. We have recently published cannula targeting data for the non-human ...

We previously reported the existence of MOR1(C) mRNA and MOR1(C)-immunoreactivity (-ir) in rats. However, the sequence that we reported for rat MOR1(C) appears not to be present in the rat genome. We have therefore reexamined whether MOR1(C) mRNA or MOR1(C)-ir exist in rats. We used reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) ...

Precipitation of etoposide and adverse events associated with the co-solvents in intravenous solutions can be avoided by using liposomal etoposide (LE). The pharmacokinetics and distribution of the commercial formulation (ETPI) and LE were compared in rats. The pharmacokinetic profiles were biphasic and similar in the initial phase (C(max), Vd, and ...

SM54111 [cis-3, 5-diisopropylsalylic cyclohexanodiaminoplatinum (II), Saliplatin] is a novel platinum compound with encouraging anticancer effect. In order to get more useful information in multiple species for the security evaluation, dosage design, and drug delivery design, its pharmacokinetic behaviors in rats after intravenous administration were investigated in this study. Based on ...

Precipitation of etoposide and adverse events associated with the co-solvents in intravenous solutions can be avoided by using liposomal etoposide (LE). The pharmacokinetics and distribution of the commercial formulation (ETPI) and LE were compared in rats. The pharmacokinetic profiles were biphasic and similar in the initial phase (C(max), Vd, and ...

Spontaneous iron accumulation in hepatocytes was observed in a 7-week-old female Han Wistar GALAS rat. Very fine yellowish brown pigments, which showed a positive reaction with Berlin Blue stain, were apparent in the cytoplasm close to the bile canaliculi, with a diminishing periportal-to-centrilobular gradient. There were also differences in distribution ...

Report issued on: October 5, 1987

Stereoselective differences in pharmacokinetics between clausenamide (CLA) enantiomers have been found after intravenous and oral administration of each enantiomer to rats. The differences could be associated with protein binding of CLA enantiomers. By equilibrium dialysis methods, the binding of CLA enantiomers to rat plasma protein was investigated. The results showed ...

Bacterial magnetosomes (BMs) have drawn great interest as novel magnetic targeted carriers and have been widely used as carriers for enzymes, nucleic acids and antibodies experimentally. However, BMs have rarely been employed as drug carriers in vivo mainly due to the unclear biocompatibility and pharmacokinetics of BMs. In this study, ...

Atazanavir (ATV) has been successfully used in HIV patients with severe hyperlipidemia (HL); however, little is known about the pharmacokinetics of ATV in HL. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of ATV in HL. With the increase of serum lipids, the protein binding rate in HL ...

BACKGROUND: Recombinant human factor IX (rhFIX) is a 56 kDa glycoprotein with full biological activity providing a guarantee of freedom from blood-borne viral contamination in the therapy of hemophilia B, but no data are available on the distribution of transgenic pig-produced rhFIX post injection (p.i.). Therefore, an 131I-radiolabeled rhFIX was ...

Self-assembled drug delivery systems (SADDS) are defined as the self-assemblies of amphiphilic prodrugs, integrating prodrugs, molecular self-assembly and nanotechnology for drug targeting and controlled release. Cholesteryl-succinyl didanosine (CSD) and cholesteryl-adipoyl didanosine (CAD) nanoparticulate systems in water were previously prepared and optimized. In this paper, the in vitro and in vivo ...