Previous studies have shown that the change of cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) in response to traumatic brain injury (TBI) is different in young (PND35) and adult rats (PND70), and that prolonged ketogenic diet treatment results in histological and behavioral neuroprotection only in younger rat brains. However, the mechanism(s) ...

Prebiotics and phytoestrogens have sparked great interest because evidence indicates that the consumption of these dietary constituents leads to lower cholesterol levels and inhibition of postmenopausal bone loss. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of both a prebiotic (Synergy) and a phytoestrogen (genistein) on bone and ...

Traditional models of drug-seeking behavior have shown that exposure to associated environmental cues can trigger relapse. These learned associations take place during repeated drug administration, resulting in conditioned reinforcement. Although considerable investigation has occurred regarding simple conditioned stimuli, less is known about complex environmental cues, particularly those that may be ...

This study investigated the preventive effect of Saururus chinensis Baill against renal damage induced by a high-fructose diet in rats. The rats (n = 30) were fed either a cornstarch-based (65%), high-fructose (65%), or high-fructose (64.5%) diet with 0.5% S. chinensis Baill extract for 10 weeks. Twenty-four hour urine collections ...

This experiment established the ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis and examined the effect of the oral administration of different dosages of dioscorea, red mold dioscorea (RMD), and soy isoflavones on bone mineral density (BMD). Three months after osteoporosis had been induced and 4 weeks after feeding had begun, ...

In this study, simvastatin, atorvastatin, ezetimibe, and ezetimibe + simvastatin combination were administered to arthritic rats, first to determine their effects on the inflammatory response, employing a low-dose adjuvant-induced arthritis model in rats. Arthritis was induced by the subcutaneous injection of a suspension of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (100 μg) in mineral oil [complete Freund's ...

Myocardial infarction (MI) in rats is followed by a behavioral syndrome similar to human post-MI depression. We tested the effects of escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on this syndrome. MI was induced in 19 Sprague-Dawley rats by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery for 40min, followed by reperfusion. ...

Cigarette smoking is a social behavior. Smoking is also accompanied by distinctive gustatory and olfactory stimulation. However, none of these factors affecting nicotine intake are modeled in existing preclinical studies. We report a novel model of adolescent nicotine self-administration (SA) in rats where licking on drinking spouts was used as ...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by dysregulated energy metabolism. Resveratrol (RSV) has been shown to ameliorate hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic animals. However, its overall in vivo effects on energy metabolism and the underlying mechanism require further investigation. In the present study, electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry was employed to characterize ...

Abstract Objective: To examine the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on orthodontically induced root resorption in rats. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four male Wistar rats were divided randomly and equally into four groups (n  =  16 rats each). The rats were untreated (negative control) or treated with orthodontic tooth movement ...

Stimulants such as d-amphetamine (AMPH) are used commonly to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but concerns have been raised regarding the use of AMPH due to its reinforcing and potentially addictive properties. The current study examined if individual differences in impulsive choice predict AMPH-induced hyperactivity and conditioned place preference (CPP). ...

ABSTRACT Pregnant women are more prone to H1N1 infection and often with severe complications. The authors studied the influence of H1N1 infection on T-helper cell type 1/type 2 (Th1/Th2) balance and alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) in pregnant rats. The pregnant rats were infected intranasally with influenza virus. Peripheral blood interferon-γ ...

Secondary alkylcarbamic acid biphenyl-3-yl esters are a class of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors, which include the reference compounds URB597 and URB694. Given the intrinsic reactivity of the carbamate group, the in vivo potency of these molecules in rats is strongly affected by their hydrolysis in plasma or hepatic ...

The authors analyzed the breeding characteristics of a colony of Ototylomys phyllotis (big-eared climbing rat) from Campeche, México, that was bred in captivity for 6 y. The big-eared climbing rat is a reservoir of Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana, a causal agent of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis on the Yucatán Peninsula. The colony ...

Objective: The effects of metformin and letrozole on endometrium and ovarian reserve were studied in a rat model. Methods: Forty female Wistar albino mature rats at 8 weeks, weighing 180-260 g, were used for the study. These rats were randomly divided into four groups. Control group, eight rats, was given no ...

Myocardial infarction affects a large proportion in the world. This study aims to evaluate the protective effects of vanillic acid in isoproterenol induced cardiotoxic rats. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with vanillic acid (5mg and 10mg/kg) daily for 10days. After pretreatment, isoproterenol (100mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected to rats at an ...

Dietary methionine restriction and supplementation in mammals have beneficial (antiaging) and detrimental effects respectively, which have been related to chronic modifications in the rate of mitochondrial ROS generation. However it is not known if methionine or its metabolites can have, in addition, direct effects on the rate of mitochondrial ROS ...

Intestinal barrier dysfunction plays an important role in sepsis. Females may tolerate sepsis better than males, which could be due to the relative resistance of the female intestine to gut injury and inflammation when subjected to sepsis. In this study the intestinal microcirculation was investigated in 50 female and 40 ...

Guimarães RP, de Oliveira PAD, Oliveira AMSD. Effects of induced diabetes and the administration of aminoguanidine in the biomechanical retention of implants: a study in rats. J Periodont Res 2011; doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01391.x.©2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective:  The present study aimed to assess the effects of induced diabetes ...

Chronic renal failure (CRF) occurring naturally in patients or induced by subtotal nephrectomy in rats induces several alterations in the cardiovascular system (CVS). However, the effect of chemically induced CRF in rats on the CVS is less well known. We induced CRF in rats by feeding adenine (0.75%, w/w, four ...

In cold exposed rats, it is known that vitamin E induces an increase in the respiration of the whole mitochondrial population isolated from liver. To obtain information on the effects of cold exposure and vitamin E treatment on the dynamics of mitochondrial population, we determined characteristics of rat liver mitochondrial ...

Low-level laser irradiation can promote the healing process in soft and hard tissue but the precise mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of LLLT (low-level laser therapy) on the healing of extraction sockets in diabetic and healthy rats. Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal (n = 24) ...

Tokunaga K, Seto H, Ohba H, Mihara C, Hama H, Horibe M, Yoneda S, Nagata T. Topical and intermittent application of parathyroid hormone recovers alveolar bone loss in rat experimental periodontitis. J Periodont Res 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01386.x. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective:  Periodontitis is characterized ...

The present study compared morphological, histochemical and histomorphometric characteristics of the sublethal effects of XenTari® and deltamethrin in blastocyst-endometrium interactions in female rats. Pregnant rats received 185, 1850 and 3700mg of XenTari® or 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0mg of deltamethrin (all doses per kg of body weight) and were sacrificed on ...

We examined the responsiveness of rat vestibular ganglion neurons (VGNs) to exogenous neurotrophic factors, BDNF, NT-3, and GDNF, during postnatal development in dissociated cultures. VGNs were obtained from postnatal days (P) 1, 3, 7, and 14. After two days in culture, the survival of VGNs in control cultures without any ...

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of erythropoietin (EPO), moderate hypothermia, and a combination thereof on the kidneys of newborn rats damaged during perinatal asphyxia. An animal model of perinatal asphyxia (Wistar rats) was used in which after birth, newborn rats were divided into four groups ...

Arboreal habitats create diverse challenges for animal locomotion, but the numerical and phylogenetic diversity of snakes that climb trees suggest that their overall body plan is well suited for this task. Snakes have considerable diversity of axial anatomy, but the functional consequences of this diversity for arboreal locomotion are poorly ...

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has already been applied clinically as a photosensitizer. In this study, sonodynamically induced selective antitumour effect of 5-ALA for deep-seated lesions was evaluated. First, normal rat brains were sonicated via a transducer placed on the dural surface to confirm safe acoustic conditions for normal rat brains. One ...

AIMS: This study used a new approach to investigate the effective concentrations of growth factors released from platelet concentrate (PC) on the bone formation capacity of osteogenically differentiated rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rat BMSCs and whole blood were harvested from 40 adult male Spraque-Dawly rats. ...

The prevalence of insulin resistance syndrome increases during menopause with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and impairment of the free radical scavenger function. Therefore, we investigated the effects of 17β-estradiol (E(2)) and vitamin E, as an antioxidant, on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels in the brain cortex and liver ...

Tanshinone IIA is one of major constituents of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge known as Danshen. Our and others' studies have shown that Tan IIA could protect cardimyocyte against apoptosis; however the effect of Tan IIA on cardiac remodeling disease is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of Tan ...

Fear inhibits food intake. Cessation of eating in anticipation of danger is an adaptive response that prepares an organism for an imminent threat, but it could become maladaptive when persistent. To begin to examine the underlying mechanisms, we developed an animal model for fear-cue induced inhibition of feeding. In that ...

As the most prevalent route of delivery, oral administration has the challenge of potentially low bioavailability in part because P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the intestinal tract affects absorption. Therefore, absorption enhancers or P-gp inhibitors are strategies to solve this problem. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects ...

Pharmacological differences between neurogenic sympathetic responses in rat and pig isolated pulmonary arteries were examined in strip preparations. Electrical field stimulation in the range of 0.6 to 40 Hz resulted in frequency-dependent contractions in terms of amplitude and rate of rise. Responses in the rat declined sharply from pulmonary trunk ...

The aim of this study was to investigate if armepavine (Arm, C(19) H(23) O(3) N) could exert inhibitory effects against hepatic fibrosis in rats. A cell line of rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6) was stimulated with tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to evaluate the inhibitory effects of Arm. Rats were injected ...

This study was conducted to investigate the prophylactic effects of lycopene (LC) and ellagic acid (EA) on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced testicular and spermatozoal toxicity. These toxicological changes are associated with the oxidative stress and apoptosis in male rats. Forty-eight male rats were allocated to one of six groups of 8 rats ...

Objectives. RA is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis. IL-19 acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of RA. We investigated whether anti-IL-19 antibody treatment would modulate the severity of the disease in a CIA rat model. Methods. We generated a CIA model by immunizing rats with ...

To investigate the role of α-fetoprotein (AFP), a cancer-associated fetal glycoprotein, in glucocorticoid-induced precocious maturation in rat colon. Colons from suckling Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Corticosterone acetate at a dose of 100 μg/g body weight was given to normal pups on days 7, 9 and 11 after ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fasting-induced orexin-A (OXA) on inflammation and macrophage phagocytic activity. Fifty six male wistar rats were fasted for 36h to stimulate OXA synthesis. In 24 rats, air pouches were induced subcutaneously in the intrascapular area. After (6h) carrageenan injection into ...

Wistar rats will self-administer cocaine directly into the nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh), but not into the nucleus accumbens core. In human and animal literature, there is a genetic association between alcoholism and cocaine dependency. The current experiment examined whether selective breeding for high alcohol preference is also associated with greater ...

PURPOSE: To study a passive targeting strategy, via the enhanced permeability and retention effect following systemic administration of lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) loaded with ferrociphenol, FcdiOH. METHODS: Long chains of polyethylene glycol (DSPE-mPEG2000) were incorporated onto the surface of LNCs by post-insertion technique. Stealth properties of LNCs were investigated by in ...

Early life environment, events, and context, such as mother-offspring relationship, can have profound effects on future behavior and physiology. We investigated the effects of long-term maternal and social separation, through artificial rearing, on adult impulsivity. Rats were maternally reared (MR) or artificially reared (AR) and half of the AR rats ...

Trimethyltin (TMT), an organotin compound considered a useful tool to obtain an experimental model of neurodegeneration, exhibits neurotoxicant effects selectively localised in the limbic system and especially in the hippocampus, which are different in the rat and in mice. In the rat hippocampus, we investigated the expression of aldehyde 4-hydroxynonenal, ...

RATIONALE: Studies of socially housed rodents have provided significant information regarding the mechanisms of stress and of stress-related disorders. OBJECTIVE: Since psychosocial stress is known to alter the functional activity of dopaminergic system, we employed amphetamine (AMP) to evaluate the involvement dopamine in mediating the behavioral consequences of psychosocial stress. ...

This paper reports on a miniaturized system for spike-triggered intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) in an ambulatory rat. The head-mounted microdevice comprises a previously developed application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) fabricated in 0.35-Êm two-poly four-metal complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, which is assembled and packaged on a miniature rigid-flex substrate together with a few ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of age on heart rate variability (HRV) in a rat model of therapeutic hypothermia. METHODS: Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats (18 were 2 months old and 18 were 18 months old) were randomized into one of three groups: normothermia (37°C), mild hypothermia (34°C), and moderate hypothermia ...

Bariatric surgery is the most efficacious procedure for eliciting weight loss in humans, and many patients undergoing the procedure experience significant lessening of their symptoms of type-2 diabetes in addition to losing weight. We have adapted two bariatric surgical procedures commonly employed in humans to a rat model to begin ...

Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder associated with infertility. However, treatment options remain limited at present. Since the pathogenesis involves immune responses, the immunomodulatory effect of macrolide on endometriosis has been the focus of much research. A previous study showed that clarithromycin decreased stromal proliferation and promoted apoptosis of fibroblasts ...

Given the clinical prevalence of type 2 diabetes and obesity and their association with high mortality linked to cardiovascular disease the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of feeding type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats either high or low fat diets on cardiomyocyte structure and function. GK ...

We hypothesized that a mycotoxin binder, Grainsure E, would inhibit adverse effects of a mixture of fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in rats. For 14 and 28 days, 8-10 Sprague-Dawley rats were fed control diet, Grainsure E (0.5%), toxins (7 µg fumonisin B1/g, 8 µg deoxynivalenol/g and 0.2 µg zearalenone/g), ...