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Spinal cord involvement of multiple myeloma detected
by F-18 FDG PET/CT scan / F-18 FDG PET/CT tarama ile saptanan multiple
myeloma'nin spinal kord tutulumu.
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| Subject: |
Multiple myeloma PET imaging CT imaging |
| Authors: |
Sivrikoz, Ilknur Ak Teke, Havva Uskudar Gulbas, Zafer |
| Pub Date: | 12/01/2010 |
| Publication: | Name: Turkish Journal of Hematology Publisher: Aves Yayincilik Audience: Academic Format: Magazine/Journal Subject: Health Copyright: COPYRIGHT 2010 Aves Yayincilik ISSN: 1300-7777 |
| Issue: | Date: Dec, 2010 Source Volume: 27 Source Issue: 4 |
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| Accession Number: | 305562409 |
| Full Text: |
F-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission
tomography/computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) images of a patient
with spinal cord involvement of light chain (Lambda type) multiple
myeloma (MM) is reported. A 56-year-old man had a 15-months history of
light chain MM and have got out of hand after a chemotherapy regimen
with only two cycles (melphalan, prednisone) was admitted to hospital
because of weakness and lower back pain. To assess the systemic
involvement of disease F-18 FDG PET/CT scan was performed. PET/CT images
revealed a diffuse F-18 FDG uptake on spinal cord in the spinal canal
along the thoracic 9th, 10th and 11th vertebrae (Fig 1). In addition,
there were multiple active myeloma lesions and bone marrow involvement.
At this time, bone marrow aspiration biopsy showed 30-50% of atypical
plasma cells with a plasmablastic morphology (CD138 and CD56 positive by
immune staining). Serum lactate dehydrogenase level was in normal range,
alkaline phosphatase level was high (468 U/L). There was no plasma cell
in peripheral blood smear. A lumbar puncture revealed a Cerebrospinal
Fluid (CSF) content of 200 nucleated cells/4. Flow cytometric analysis
of CSF confirmed the spinal cord involvement of MM, the percentage of
both CD38 and CD138 positve cells was %19.46 by flow cytometry (Fig 2).
Although spinal cord involvement, there was no symptoms related spinal
cord involvement such as limb weakness, paraparesis. To the best of our
knowledge, it is the first report of spinal cord involvement of MM
imaged by F-18 FDG PET/CT. [FIGURE 2 OMITTED] Extramedullary spread of MM may occur either at diagnosis or during the course of the disease. The involvement of central nervous system (CNS) occurs in approximately] % of patients (1-3) and may present either with localized cerebral lesions or with meningeal myelomatosis, defined by the presence of monoclonal plasma cells in the CSF. The clinical presentation of CNS involvement include a wide set of neurological signs and symptoms, but headache, confusion, and limb weakness are the most common (3-5). However, even in patients without circulating plasma cells, the haematogenous spread of their lymphoid progenitors has been postulated as a possible mechanism for CNS involvement (6). Active myeloma is FDG-positive for focal and diffuse abnormalities. It has been reported that FDG PET can significantly contribute to an accurate whole-body evaluation of multiple myeloma patients due to the ability to visualise highly energyconsuming cells such as tumour cells (7), (8). In addition, the limited anatomical resolution of PET can be overcome by co-registration of functional PET images with morphological CT data with an integrated PET/CT system. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient. Conflict of Interest No author of this paper has a conflict of interest, including specific financial interests, relationships, and/or affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials included in this manuscript. Address for Correspondence: M.D. Ilknur Ak Sivrikoz, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey Phone: +90 222 239 29 79 E-mail: ilknur_ak@yahoo.com RELATED ARTICLE: Obituary Prof. Huseyin Sipahioglu (1925-2010) Nejat Akar, MD, Prof. Ankara University, Turkey References (1.) Beksac M, Delforge M, Richardson P. The evolving treatment paradigm of multiple myeloma: From past to present and future. Turk J Hematol 2008;25:60-70. (2.) Fassas AB, Ward S. Muwalla F, Van Hemert R, Schluterman K, Hank S, Tricot G. Myeloma of the central nervous system: strong association with unfavorable chromosomal abnormalities and other high-risk disease features. Leuk Lymphoma. 2004;45:291-300. (3.) Nieuwenhuizen L, Biesma DH: Central nervous system myelomatosis: Review of the literature. Eur J Haematol. 2008;80:1-9 (4.) Petersen S, Wagner A, Gimsing P: Cerebral and meningeal multiple myeloma after autologous stem cell transplantation: A case report and review of the literature. Am J Hematol. 1999;62:228-33. (5.) Patriarca F, Zaja F, Silvestri F, Sperotto A, Scalise A, Gigli G, Fanin R. Meningeal and cerebral involvement in multiple myeloma patients. Ann Hematol. 2001;80:758-62 (6.) Warner TF, Krueger RG: Circulating lymphocytes and the spread of myeloma: Review of the evidence. Lancet 3;1:1174-6. (7.) Ltitje S, de Rooy JW, Croockewit S, Koedam E, Oyen WJ, Raymakers RA. Role of radiography, MRI and FDG-PET/CT in diagnosing, staging and therapeutical evaluation of patients with multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol. 2009;88:1161-8. (8.) Ilknur Ak, Zafer Gulbas. Nuclear Medicine Applications in Hemato-Oncology. Turk J Hematol 2003;20:89-211. Ilknur Ak Sivrikoz (1), Havva Uskudar Teke (2), Zafer Gulbas (2) (1) Department of Nuclear Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey (2) Department of Haematology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey doi: 10.5152/tjh.2010.61 Quad % Gated X Mean Y Mean UL 3.11 10.39 1194.91 UR 19.46 144.44 166.16 LL 24.90 3.53 7.18 LR 52.53 281.98 3.06 Figure 1. Three plane PET images (CT, PET and fused PET/CT in axial, sagittal and coronal projections) shows an intense F-18 FDG uptake with a maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of 5.7 in the thoracic 9th, 10th and 11th vertebrae and FDG avid masses in sternum and left 9th rib Note: Table made from bar graph. |
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