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J Am Vet Med Assoc.: Feasibility of transesophageal
echocardiography in birds without cardiac disease.
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| Article Type: | Reprint |
| Subject: |
Echocardiography
(Methods) Macaws (Health aspects) |
| Authors: |
Beaufrere, H. Pariaut, R. Nevarez, J.G. Tully, T.N. |
| Pub Date: | 03/01/2010 |
| Publication: | Name: Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery Publisher: Association of Avian Veterinarians Audience: Academic Format: Magazine/Journal Subject: Health Copyright: COPYRIGHT 2010 Association of Avian Veterinarians ISSN: 1082-6742 |
| Issue: | Date: March, 2010 Source Volume: 24 Source Issue: 1 |
| Geographic: | Geographic Scope: United States Geographic Code: 1USA United States |
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| Accession Number: | 252005041 |
| Full Text: |
The objective of this study was to establish a technique of
transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in birds without cardiac disease
and describe the imaging planes obtained. Eighteen birds including 3
pigeons (Columbia livia), 3 barred owls (Strix varia), 2 red-tailed
hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), 1 goose (Anser anser), 1 mallard duck (Anas
platyrhynchos), 1 muscovy duck (Cairina moschata), 2 brown pelicans
(Pelecanus occidentalis), 2 Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona
ventralis), 2 red-fronted macaws (Ara rubrogenys), and 1 military macaw
(Ara militaris) were evaluated. For each bird, anesthesia was induced
and maintained by use of isoflurane. A pediatric, multiplane
transesophageal ultrasound probe was passed into the esophagus and
adjusted to the level of the heart for echocardiography. Probe positions
were recorded via fluoroscopy, and associated imaging planes were
described. TEE was performed successfully in all birds except the
pelicans, 1 Hispaniolan Amazon parrot, and the redfronted macaws. Five
imaging planes of the heart were consistently viewed from 3 positions of
the probe (identified as caudal, middle, and cranial positions relative
to the cardiac silhouette). M-mode echocardiography of the left
ventricle and the aortic root was performed. Color flow and spectral
Doppler ultrasonographic images of in- and outflow regions were
obtained. One Hispaniolan Amazon parrot died as a result of esophageal
perforation. TEE examination of birds was feasible and provided a larger
number of imaging planes with better resolution and details than those
typically achieved via a transcoelomic approach. However, TEE should be
performed with caution in psittacines. 2010; 236:540-547. |
| Gale Copyright: | Copyright 2010 Gale, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. |