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Historical catches of Humpback whales, Megaptera
novaeangliae, in the North Atlantic Ocean: estimates of landings and
removals.
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| Abstract: | Whaling for humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, in the North Atlantic Ocean has occurred in various forms (e.g. for local subsistence, for oil to be sold commercially, using hand harpoons and deck-mounted cannons, using oar-driven open boats and modern powered catcher boats) from the early 1600's to the present. Several previous attempts to estimate the total numbers of humpback whales removed were considered close to comprehensive, but some uncertainties remained. Moreover, the statistical uncertainty was not consistently presented with the previous estimates. Therefore, we have pursued several avenues of additional data collection and conducted further analyses to close outstanding data gaps and address remaining issues. Our new estimates of landings and total removals of humpback whales from the North Atlantic are 21,476 (SE=214) and 30,842 (SE=655), respectively. These results include statistical uncertainty, reflect new data and improved analysis methods, and take account of some fisheries for which estimates had not been made previously. The new estimates are not sufficiently different from previous ones to resolve the major inconsistencies and discrepancies encountered in efforts to determine the conservation status of humpback whale populations in the North Atlantic. |
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| Subject: |
Cetacea
(Behavior) Cetacea (Research) Whaling (Research) |
| Authors: |
Smith, Tim D. Reeves, Randall R. |
| Pub Date: | 06/22/2010 |
| Publication: | Name: Marine Fisheries Review Publisher: Superintendent of Documents Audience: Academic Format: Magazine/Journal Subject: Agricultural industry; Business Copyright: COPYRIGHT 2010 U.S. Department of Commerce ISSN: 0090-1830 |
| Issue: | Date: Summer, 2010 Source Volume: 72 Source Issue: 3 |
| Topic: | Event Code: 310 Science & research |
| Product: | Product Code: 0914019 Whales NAICS Code: 11421 Hunting and Trapping SIC Code: 0971 Hunting, trapping, game propagation |
| Organization: | Organization: International Whaling Commission |
| Geographic: | Geographic Scope: Cape Verde; Grenada Geographic Code: 6CAPE Cape Verde; 0ATLA Atlantic Ocean; 5GREN Grenada |
| Accession Number: | 246535830 |
| Full Text: |
Introduction Humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, in the North Atlantic Ocean have been the subjects of an enormous amount of research in recent decades, including studies of population structure and distribution, social organization and behavior, abundance, and historical levels of removals. The Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) began giving attention to the status of North Atlantic humpbacks in the 1970's, and during 2002-03 attempted to integrate what was known about the whales in this ocean basin using a population model-based approach. Population status was assessed primarily in terms of the ratio of present abundance to that prior to the beginning of commercial whaling in the 1600's, accounting for the existence of distinct breeding populations and the direct demographic effects of removals by whaling (IWC, 2003). Although not generally viewed as one of the main target species of premodern whaling, the humpback was at least a secondary seasonal target of American shore-based and ship-based open-boat whalers in the late 18th century and much of the 19th century. Humpback whaling in the North Atlantic has been described by a series of papers, beginning with Mitchell and Reeves (1983:198), who noted, "Rather than experiencing a single, short, well documented period of intensive exploitation, the ... [western] population ... has been subjected to several centuries of hunting marked by at least three well documented peaks." Subsequent work included the eastern and central North Atlantic and used 1) additional data sources (Reeves and Smith, 2002), 2) the results of various regional studies (Reeves et al., 2001a, 2001b, 2002a, 2002b, 2004, 2006), and 3) statistical sampling methods designed to obtain unbiased estimates of total removals (e.g. Smith and Reeves, 2003b). In documents prepared for the IWC Scientific Committee (Smith and Reeves, 2002, 2003a), we estimated landings and removals for 13 regionally and operationally defined fisheries (Reeves and Smith, 2002: Table 1). To avoid forming an estimate that was a lower bound, the committee attempted to identify a best possible estimate for all years that each fishery was known to operate, even if that meant making substantial assumptions for some fisheries. Our work for the Scientific Committee resulted in an estimated total of roughly 29,000 humpback whales removed from the entire North Atlantic by whaling since 1616 (IWC, 2002, 2003). That estimate is substantially higher than the lower bound of roughly 7,000 whales from Mitchell and Reeves (1983), which those authors used for a "conservative minimum estimate" of pre-whaling abundance in the western North Atlantic. Our 29,000 estimate for the Scientific Committee had a different purpose (population modeling) and was not intended to be a lower bound. Also, it took account of catches in other areas of the North Atlantic, particularly Norway, the Faroes, and the Cape Verde Islands. The Scientific Committee used the estimates from Smith and Reeves (2003a: Table 3), broken down by area, in a 2-population, spatially explicit population model to attempt to assess the status of humpbacks in the North Atlantic. All base-case models considered by Punt et al. (2007) in their analysis of the sensitivity of the assessment to various uncertainties suggested prewhaling abundance levels in the range of 20,000-30,000. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] A critical review completed in 2007 (Smith and Pike, 2009) identified 7 specific areas of uncertainty surrounding the status of North Atlantic humpback whales. For example, it identified uncertainties concerning population structure, population size, and spatial mixing of individuals from different feeding or breeding areas. The review also highlighted the problem of lack of fit of the population models and inconsistencies between catch-based estimates of pre-whaling abundance and genetics-based estimates of long-term historical abundance. Those authors also identified several directions for research to address the uncertainties, one of which was to improve the catch history, specifically "filling in some residual uncertainties and completing estimates of sampling uncertainty" (Smith and Pike, 2009:173). In this paper, we use new catch data for some fisheries and reanalyze previously available data for other fisheries to develop new estimates (with associated estimates of statistical precision) of humpback whale landings and removals for the entire North Atlantic from the early 17th century to the present. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Materials and Methods The analyses here were organized according to the same 13 fisheries as those defined by Reeves and Smith (2002). Based on improved understanding of whaling in the North Atlantic, however, some of the names of the fisheries (and their subfisheries) have been changed (Table 1). For three ship-based fisheries (Fisheries 2, 6, and 11), we replaced the word "pelagic" with "offshore" to reflect their operations more accurately and to distinguish them from near-shore fisheries. We also redefined one fishery, previously termed American Nonmechanized Coastal. We divided it into shore-based and ship-based components. The shore-based compo nent is now included in the American Nonmechanized Shore fishery (Fishery 7). The vessel-based component is now included in the Other Areas subfishery of the American Nonmechanized Offshore fishery (Fishery 11). The 13 fisheries were cross-referenced to the taxonomy of Reeves and Smith (2006), where global whaling was classified according to Operations and Eras (Table 1). Operations were defined by nation and by the nature of the whaling activities, and Eras according to the origin and nature of the whaling methods. Again, we substituted the term "offshore" for "pelagic" in the names of the Eras. Our definitions of fisheries and subfisheries for North Atlantic humpbacks, as explained in the preceding paragraph, are more spatially and temporally resolved and thus provide a more coherent basis for use in fishery-by-fishery catch estimation than does the global taxonomy. Therefore, in this paper we refer to North Atlantic fisheries according to the Reeves and Smith (2002) terminology and use the Operations/Eras terminology of Reeves and Smith (2006, as amended in Table 1) when referring to whaling in other parts of the world. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Data Sources Various databases, lists, and summaries of data related to North Atlantic humpback whaling have been published or are otherwise available, and we assembled all of the relevant information of which we were aware. There are three general types of data, usually corresponding to the time period and nature of the fishery. First, for many of the 20th century fisheries there are regular summary reports by national agencies and international bodies (e.g. the Bureau of International Whaling Statistics), usually giving the number of whales landed at shore stations or processed at sea by specific ships (Allison and Smith, 2004). Such summary reports are generally derived from more detailed records (e.g. daily station or vessel logs). In recent years, the IWC Secretariat has conducted inquiries into 20th century catches in the North Atlantic, particularly subfisheries of the Norwegian Mechanized Shore fishery in northern Norway (subfishery 1.1), in Iceland (subfishery 1.4) , in the Faroe Islands (subfishery 1.5) , and in Newfoundland (subfishery 1.7). The Secretariat (1) has kindly shared the results of those inquiries with us for the purposes of this paper. In those instances where the species of some of the landed whales were not identified in the IWC data, we prorated the unidentified component according to the ratio of the total identified humpbacks landed to the total identified whales landed, pooling the data by decade and by fishery or subfishery. We estimated the standard errors by assuming a binomial model for the proportion of total identified landings that were humpbacks. A second type of data consists of reports of catch and production by pre20th century commercial shore whaling establishments. Such reports are usually preserved in company or government files or in newspapers. This type of data is highly variable in both content and completeness; rarely does it include numbers of whales landed. Most often, the catch is reported as product volumes (oil) or weight (baleen), in variable units, and sometimes it includes the monetary value of the products. For some whaling operations, the available information is very limited. For example, it may consist of nothing more than the number of boats, crews, or men employed or the number of stations active, possibly only for a few years over the life of the operation. The third type of data consists of records on catch and production by pre-20th century whaling voyages. Such data come mainly from daily logbook entries, government reports (e.g. customs-house records), and newspapers. Reeves and Smith (2006) identified two operations in the American-style Offshore Era that took humpback whales in the North Atlantic, one from the United States (operation 64) and one from what is now Canada (operation 52). The former, here denoted as the American Nonmechanized Offshore fishery (Fishery 11) and the latter, here denoted as the Canada Nonmechanized Offshore fishery (Fishery 6), accounted for most of the 19th century landings of humpback whales in the North Atlantic. We identified gaps in the available information for some fisheries, and as a result undertook to obtain additional data on the Greenland Nonmechanized Shore fishery (Fishery 3), the Bermuda Nonmechanized Shore fishery (Fishery 9), several subfisheries of the West Indies Nonmechanized Shore fishery (Fishery 10), the American Nonmechanized Offshore Fishery in the Cape Verde Islands (subfishery 11.2), and the Cape Verde Islands Nonmechanized Shore fishery (Fishery 12). With regard to the Greenland fishery (Fishery 3), it had long been recognized that Danish colonial records could be consulted for additional data on pre1885 humpback catches, but this had not been done (Mitchell and Reeves, 1983; Reeves and Smith, 2002). We therefore arranged for Bo Poulsen, a professor at the University of Roskilde, to carry out a pilot study of Danish colonial records on our behalf. He examined a sample of "daybooks" of the Royal Greenland Trade Company kept at trading posts along the west coast of Greenland. The material was in the form of microfilms held by the IWC as a donation from Margaret Klinowska, who in the early 1980's had initiated and then abandoned an archival study of bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus, in Greenland using this material. Poulsen and his assistant examined the daybooks for reports of whaling during the months of July to September, when humpbacks were most likely to be in the area. They extracted information on specific references to whaling activity, whales caught, and the processing of whale products (Poulsen (2)). Concerning the Bermuda fishery (Fishery 9), one of us (RRR) sampled some materials at the Public Record Office in London in October 2008 in addition to those that had already been examined by Mitchell and Reeves (1983) and Reeves et al. (2006). This included additional Blue Books (annual reports for U.K. Customs) for the years 1821, 1860, 1865, 1870, 1875, and 1880; Board of Trade correspondence (CO 41/18, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75; CO37/1, 2, 8, 22); and a mid-19th century run of Bermuda newspapers (CO 41/1 (1839-45) to 5 (1847-51)), specifically The Royal Gazette: Bermuda Commercial and General Advertiser and Recorder (1839-53) and The Bermuda Herald (1847-51). Relative to the West Indies fishery (Fishery 10), one of us (RRR) searched trade records at the Public Record Office, with a particular focus on St. Lucia, Grenada, and the Turks and Caicos. The Grenada Blue Books were checked for the years 1821, 1822, 1830, 1840, and 1850, and for every year from 1856 to 1929, looking for information on whaling activity and whale products. The St. Lucia Blue Books were checked for the years 1825 to 1910. In the course of checking Bermuda newspapers (above) we also looked for evidence of shore whaling at Turks and Caicos during the middle of the 19th century. Regarding the American Nonmechanized Offshore fishery in the Cape Verde Islands (subfishery 11.2), we suspected that this fishery had begun somewhat earlier than was assumed by Smith and Reeves (2003b). To explore this, we sampled additional logbooks for voyages beginning between 1850 and 1865. With regard to the Cape Verde Islands (CVI) Nonmechanized Shore fishery (Fishery 12), we subcontracted two investigators to assist us in searching for archival source material. Cristina Brito (aided by Nina Vieira) carried out a search of libraries and archives in Lisbon, and Cornelius J. Hazevoet conducted a search of archives and libraries in the CVI. Brito attempted to identify and visit all libraries or historical archives in Lisbon related to the overseas colonies and their history and economics. Electronic and manual indexes were used in each institution, employing as search terms both the subject (e.g. and/or Cape Verde Islands, Portuguese overseas colonies; Fishing, Whaling; Natural History; Marine Animals, Commerce; Industry) and the time period (Cape Verde Islands and 1800 forward). The researchers examined all items that showed promise of containing relevant information. Hazevoet's search of local archives and book repositories in the CVI covered 4 islands: Sal, Santiago (Praia), Sao Vicente, and Sao Nicolau. Various archives, museums, and relevant institutions were visited in Praia, the capital of the island of Santiago, and on Sao Vicente, but no useful information was found. A planned visit to the island of Maio, where a shore station operated until the early 20th century, had to be abandoned for logistical reasons. Estimating Landings For 20th century whaling, we assigned catches to fisheries and subfisheries based on the nations indicated and the descriptions of the shore stations provided by the IWC Secretariat. In consultation with the Secretariat, we supplemented and corrected the data for a few shore stations based on newly available sources. We evaluated the completeness of the data and concluded that the level of uncertainty was small relative to the total reported landings. For pre-20th century shore whaling, we used the number of humpback whales taken when this was reported. More typically, we estimated the number of humpbacks taken as the total humpback whale oil production divided by the average amount of oil obtained per whale. We standardized the reported weight or volume of oil (to U.S. barrels, i.e. 31.5 American gallons). The unit definitions were not always clear from the source of the records (e.g. American vs. Imperial gallons). When possible, we used evidence within the same source or data series to infer which units were applicable. Failing that, we used conversion factors obtained from similar sub-fisheries or, if necessary, standard (albeit arbitrary) factors (e.g. Reeves et al., 2006). The number of barrels obtained per whale varied with the location and timing of the whaling operation and the efficiency of the processing procedures. For example, whales at the end of the season on a breeding ground would be expected to produce less oil than whales just beginning to migrate from a feeding ground. Also, shark damage to carcasses, and consequently reduced oil production, tended to be a much more serious problem at tropical stations. Thus, we tried to derive average oil yield per whale separately for each fishery or subfishery using the data for events or years when both the whale catch and the oil production were reported. For a few sub-fisheries where data were not available, we used summary statistics from a similar whaling operation as the basis for estimating catches. We estimated the standard errors of the various conversion factors and rates, and used these to calculate statistical uncertainty for catch estimates. Although we estimated sampling uncertainty using parametric methods where possible, we often had no choice but to estimate the sampling uncertainty from the variance of a uniform distribution representing the range of values for selected time periods with observations. In particular, we used this latter approach to describe the statistical uncertainty of interpolated landings for years when reports were missing from the historical record (Reeves and Smith, 2010). This included interpolations over periods of several years or even decades. The method includes assigning average landings from adjacent years to years with no information, and assigning linearly interpolated values of mean landings to selected periods of years before and after a gap in reports. We estimated standard errors for these interpolations by assuming a uniform distribution estimated from the values being averaged. We report the overall uncertainty of our estimates as standard errors, recognizing that there is additional uncertainty that we are unable to measure. This applies especially to assumptions regarding completeness of records and the selection of time periods and geographic regions for pooling data. With regard to pre-20th century offshore whaling, summary data for the American Nonmechanized Offshore fishery have been published documenting nearly all voyages made in the 19th century (Lund et al., 2010). These data include the names of vessels and captains, vessel characteristics, dates of voyages, quantities of sperm oil, baleen whale oil, and whalebone (baleen) returned, and announced voyage destinations. Further, we assembled logbook data from several sources, as follows: 1) logbooks read for our previous study (Smith and Reeves, 2003b), 2) a stratified random sample of logbooks read specifically for this study to cover the period 1850 to 1865, when we suspected the peak of vessel-based humpbacking in the Cape Verde Islands to have occurred, and 3) worksheets of data originally extracted from logbooks for the charts published by Townsend (1935). Although we used the methods of Smith and Reeves (2003b) for our recent logbook sampling (item 2, above), we also simplified the stratification procedures because several of the differences found previously between the mean number of whales landed per voyage and the proportion of Atlantic-bound voyages that whaled in the West Indies or Cape Verde Islands were not significant (Smith and Reeves, 2003b: Tables 2, 3). The logbook data included numbers of whales secured and processed ("landed"), and, where possible, numbers of whales struck but not landed ("struck and lost"), all on a daily and location-specific basis. We assumed that the list of voyages in Lund et al. (2010) was complete and that the average number of humpback whales taken per voyage from our logbook sample was representative of all voyages. We estimated landings as the product of 1) the number of voyages identified in the summary voyage data, stratified by year and port of departure, 2) the proportion of those voyages that whaled in a given area judging by the geographic information in the logbooks sampled, and 3) the average number of humpback whales landed per voyage from the catch information in the logbook data. Removals: Struck and Lost Rates The estimates of landings derived from the general procedures outlined above do not account for whales that were struck and killed by harpoons or explosive devices but were not landed, the so-called struck and lost whales. The struck and lost component can be a significant fraction of the total mortality caused by whaling. The rate at which struck whales were lost and the rate at which they died of their injuries undoubtedly varied according to a number of factors, including the species, the whaling methods, and the environmental conditions. Whaling catch data that include the struck and lost component are not common and generally are found only in logbooks (including personal journals) kept on board the vessels or in daily records kept at shore stations. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] We identified data suitable for estimating the rate at which humpback whales were struck and lost for two fisheries, first in logbooks from the American Nonmechanized Offshore fishery (Fishery 11) and second in catcher boat log books from two land stations using Norwegian Mechanized Shore methods (Fishery 1). We used these data, supplemented by anecdotal observations from a range of whaling operations, to estimate loss rates. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] In their Table 10, Mitchell and Reeves (1983) presented logbook data on struck humpback whales. They classified struck and lost whales according to the circumstances under which they were lost, as follows: 1) sank, 2) escaped with gear attached, 3) escaped after the harpoon pulled free or "drew," 4) escaped in unknown condition, or 5) calves whose mothers were known killed. Those authors judged that all struck whales in the first, second, and fifth categories likely died of their injuries or in the case of calves due to orphaning, and that half of the whales in the other two categories likely died. Using those assumptions, Mitchell and Reeves estimated loss rate factors ranging from 1.86 to 2.12. We extracted data on struck humpbacks from additional logbooks, and adopted the first four of the five categories of Mitchell and Reeves (1983). We concluded that the information in the logbooks on calf orphaning was too sporadic and sparse to allow reliable assignment of animals to the fifth category Not all logbooks included records of struck and lost whales. Given the high rates of loss indicated in other logbooks, we assumed that the complete absence of loss information in some logbooks reflected incomplete reporting by the log keepers rather that 100% efficiency in landing struck whales. To minimize bias from such incomplete reporting we selected for analysis only those logbooks with reports of at least one struck and lost whale of any species at some point during the voyage. We assumed that those data were representative of voyages that did not report struck and lost animals. We pooled our new data with the data from Mitchell and Reeves (1983), for a total of 50 voyages, as shown in Appendix 1. The number of struck and lost whales that likely died (L) was estimated following the method and assumptions of Mitchell and Reeves (1983) as summarized above, but without consideration for orphaned calves (those authors' category 5). The total of removals is L plus the number of whales tried out (T), and we calculated the loss rate as L/(L+T). We examined loss rates both geographically (e.g. for whales in the North and South Atlantic and the North and South Pacific) and temporally (e.g. to determine if changes in whaling methods and gear had any effect). The rates were not significantly different for any of the statistical tests carried out. Therefore, we used the pooled data (Table 2) to estimate a loss rate of 0.41 (SE=0.025) and a corresponding loss rate factor (1/(1 minus the loss rate)) of 1.71 (SE=0.073). The latter can be multiplied directly by the estimated landings to estimate total removals. This factor was applied to the American Nonmechanized Offshore fishery (Fishery 11), from which the data were drawn. It was also applied to the West Indies and Cape Verde Island Nonmechanized Shore fisheries (Fisheries 10 and 12, Table 1) because they were functionally similar to American Nonmechanized Offshore fisheries in their use of small open boats without engine power. Information on struck and lost whales is also available for two American whaling operations in Alaska that used Norwegian-style Shore era methods. From a sample of logbooks kept by catcher boats operating out of Akutan and Port Hobron, Reeves et al. (1985) reported that 46 whales (blue, fin, humpback, right, and sperm) were struck but lost in the course of securing ("landing") 2,426 whales. Those data imply a loss rate of 0.0182 (SE=0.0027), which corresponds to a loss rate factor of 1.0185 (SE=0.0028). In the absence of any other information, we applied this factor to all of the mechanized fisheries, whether from shore (Fisheries 1, 4) or offshore (Fishery 2). In the absence of any direct information and for completeness, we also applied this factor to the very minor late 20th century nonmechanized shore fishery in Madeira (Fishery 13). [FIGURE 1 OMITTED] Mitchell and Reeves (1983) also summarized anecdotal information on loss rates for pre-20th century humpback shore whaling outside the breeding grounds. They cited references suggesting loss rate factors ranging from 1.2 to 2.0, corresponding to loss rates between 0.2 and 0.5. We computed the mean of this interval (0.35) and assumed a standard error based on a uniform distribution over the range, 0.087. This corresponds to a loss rate factor of 1.54 with a standard error of 0.205. This rate was applied to the nonmechanized shore and offshore feeding ground fisheries (Fisheries 3, 6, 7, 8, and 9). Results Estimates of landings are given below for the 13 fisheries in three groups: 1) mechanized fisheries, 2) nonmechanized shore fisheries, and 3) nonmechanized offshore fisheries. For ease of comparison, the estimates of landings are summarized in Table 3, including for each fishery or subfishery the period of years for which landings were estimated, the total landings (with standard errors, SE), and the percentage these landings represent of the total humpback landings by all fisheries combined. Figure 1 shows the annual estimates of landings of humpback whales totaling 21,476 animals for the entire period of whaling, with vertical bars indicating 99% confidence intervals. The annual estimates of landings are included in Appendix 2. Estimated removals are summarized at the end of this section. Mechanized Whaling This category included whaling using methods developed in Norway and in America at widely dispersed shore stations and in offshore areas beginning in the late 19th century and continuing into the 20th century (Fisheries 1, 2, 4, and 8). Norwegian and Greenland Fisheries (Fisheries 1, 2, and 4) The data for these three fisheries were reported in numbers of whales landed, and therefore estimation was unnecessary. Proration to account for catches reported only as "whales" was necessary for a few of the subfisheries, primarily in the period from the late 1800's to the early 1900's. American Coastal Fishery (Fishery 8) Reeves et al. (2002b) described this fishery in the Gulf of Maine, which lasted for less than 2 decades. The fleet of steam-powered vessels fishing for menhaden, Brevoortia spp., shifted to whales, including humpback whales, in 1880. The numbers of vessels and whales landed are available for several years (Reeves et al., 2002b: Table 3). Landed whales were estimated for years when landings were not reported by multiplying the number of vessels by the mean whales per vessel from years when these were available. The likely proportion of the landings that were humpbacks was one-quarter to one-half, judging by anecdotal comments noted in Reeves et al. (2002b). Therefore, we estimated humpback landings by multiplying the total landings by 0.375, the average of the values 0.25 and 0.50, and assigned a standard error based on a uniform distribution over that range. Summary of Mechanized Whaling The landings by the 4 mechanized fisheries totaled 7,727 humpback whales (Table 3, Fig. 2A), over one third of the North Atlantic total. The Norwegian Mechanized Shore fishery was by far the largest of these, accounting for 31% of the total estimated landings (Fig. 2B). It peaked (with respect to humpback catches) around 1900. The Norwegian Mechanized Offshore fishery and the Greenland Mechanized Shore fishery operated only in the 20th century, and neither fishery accounted for more than a few percent of the North Atlantic total. The American Mechanized Coastal fishery operated for only a short time in the late 19th century, and landings were relatively few. Within the Norwegian Mechanized Shore fishery, 10 of the 11 subfisheries (Table 1) took humpback whales, and the annual landings for the 9 largest (with respect to humpback catches) are shown in Figure 3. The subfisheries varied greatly in their timing, duration, and magnitude of humpback catches. Nonmechanized Shore Whaling Nonmechanized shore whaling occurred off Greenland, Canada, the United States, Bermuda, the West Indies, and the Cape Verde Islands (Fisheries 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, and 13), spanning nearly 4 centuries, from the 17th century to the present day. Greenland Shore Fishery (Fishery 3) Shore whaling for humpback whales was already well developed in West Greenland by the late 1700's and it continued (in nonmechanized form) until the 1920's (Reeves and Smith, 2002). Although Reeves and Smith (2002) surmised that annual catches generally were fewer than 20 whales, the published data for years before 1886, prior to the time series of Kapel (1979), are sporadic and sketchy. The study by Poulsen on our behalf, described earlier, provided additional information. Poulsen examined Danish daybooks for all years available from 1774 to 1820 and for even-numbered years from 1822 to 1882, as well as 1886 (Table 4). The number of references in a given daybook to humpback whales taken ranged from zero to 16, although in some instances the daybook entry was too ambiguous to determine if more than one whale was involved. We constructed a time series of humpback whale landings for this fishery up to 1885 by interpolation, using the data for years with daybook sampling to infer landings for the unsampled years in-between. This pre1886 time series was then linked to the series of landings reported by Kapel (1979) for 1886 forward. We assumed that the Kapel series was unbiased, and multiplied our pre-1886 values by the ratio between the Kapel (1979) number for 1886 and the daybook number for that year. We readily acknowledge that this procedure has at least two major drawbacks. First, as just mentioned, the conversion factor between the Poulsen time series and the Kapel time series is based on only one overlap year. Given the data available, we cannot improve upon this procedure at present. Second, again as just mentioned, we assumed that the Kapel time series was unbiased. This assumption rests on several things. Kapel is a true expert on the subject of Greenlandic hunting, with extensive first-hand experience both as a biologist-observer and as a historian (e.g. Kapel and Petersen, 1982; Kapel, 2005). In his 1979 paper, he notes that although the "yearly reports from the colonies in Greenland" that served as the basis for the catch record from 1886 to 1923 contained information on catches of large whales only for Frederikshab district, only "a few whales had previously been caught in other districts." Therefore, although we certainly cannot rule out that the Kapel time series is somewhat negatively biased, it is likely that the magnitude of that bias would be small. [FIGURE 2 OMITTED] Canada Shore Fishery (Fishery 5) Large quantities of oil were exported to the United Kingdom from Newfoundland between 1696 and 1734, apparently mostly from seals (Reeves et al., 1999). Although some whalebone (baleen) was also exported, suggesting that some of the oil was from baleen whales, we found no basis for determining if any of the products were from humpbacks. In the absence of any clear evidence of shore-based humpback whaling in what is now eastern Canada, we attributed no catch of humpback whales to this fishery. American Shore Fishery (Fishery 7) Reeves et al. (2002b) described humpback whaling in the Gulf of Maine, including that by this shore fishery as well as that by the American Mechanized Coastal fishery (see below). The information on this fishery is very sparse and consists only of the identification of several shore stations and their periods of operation as well as reports on long-term average landings at three of the stations. The annual catches at those stations reportedly ranged from 1 to 7 whales and apparently consisted mostly of humpbacks. We estimated landings for years when stations were known to have been operating by multiplying the number of stations by the average number of whales per year (3 whales), assuming a standard error based on a uniform distribution from 1 to 7. We interpolated values for some years. [FIGURE 3 OMITTED] Bermuda Shore Fishery (Fishery 9) This was the earliest North Atlantic humpback fishery, and it continued at a highly variable scale for more than 3 centuries. Besides characterizing the fishery and updating data presented by Mitchell and Reeves (1983), Reeves et al. (2006) identified a number of potentially useful primary sources of additional information. Our exploration of those sources (see Materials and Methods) provided new information on the fishery (Table 5), which generally confirmed the conclusions of Reeves et al. (2006). Especially useful information for the period 1839 to 1853 was obtained from the newspaper search. Some additional data on whaling effort and catches is available from recent papers by Romero (2006, 2007). In 1723, "a typical year in terms of whaling," 5,792 gal of whale oil, worth 600 [pounds sterling], was exported to London, Liverpool, and Barbados (Romero, 2007). In 1734, 7 or 8 boats belonging to 2 whaling companies were actively whaling near the islands, and 11 whales were landed in 1735 and 8 in 1736 (Romero, 2007). Apparently no catch was made in 1744. Two companies were active in 1759, one of them deploying 3 boats. However, little reliable information is available on catches after 1736. According to Romero (2006), only 2 whales were taken in 31 days of whaling in 1767, only 1 in 23 days in 1768, and only 1 in 31 days of whaling in 1769 (this last being a "young bone whale," and thus possibly a right whale, yielding 29 bbl of oil). We estimated landings from our previously published data combined with the new data from the Public Record Office and from Romero (2006, 2007) (Table 5). Oil landings were standardized using the conversion factors in Reeves et al. (2006). We estimated barrels per whale from the data for years when both quantity of oil produced and number of whales landed were both reported for this fishery. Because the intensity of shore whaling appears to have varied substantially over time, with no obvious pattern of growth or decline, we interpolated landings within time periods during which whaling effort appeared to be more or less consistent. Such periods were defined on the basis of the history of the fishery as described by Reeves et al. (2006), with the goal of minimizing the bias from interpolation over times when conditions were changing. The periods were 1616-49, 1650-69, 1670-99, 1700-19, 1750-84, 1785-1819, 182054, and 1855 forward. Some information on annual landings is available for all of those periods except the first. For each period, we interpolated values for years with no data based on the average landings for years with data and assigned standard errors as described in the Materials and Methods section. For the first period (1616-49), there is evidence that a number of whales were harpooned and lost, but there is no direct information on landings. We assumed, somewhat arbitrarily, that between 0 and 5 whales were taken annually, with a standard error equal to the standard deviation of a uniform distribution over that range. For the last period, from 1860 onward, whaling was small-scale and relatively well documented by newspaper and literature accounts, so we assumed that the few reports of landings after 1865 represented a complete record. West Indies Shore Fishery (Fishery 10) Six low-latitude islands or island groups in the West Indies are known to have initiated shore whaling operations, primarily in the last half of the 19th century. We estimated landings for each subfishery by combining previously published data with the new data obtained from materials in the Public Record Office (see Materials and Methods). Here we first describe the data and analysis methods used for each subfishery, and then summarize the results for the entire fishery. Barbados (subfishery 10.1) Barbados was the easternmost of the West Indies subfisheries. It was documented in Mitchell and Reeves (1983:Table 13) for the earlier years (1869-78) and in Reeves and Smith (2002:Table 2) for the later years (18791910). We standardized oil production reported in casks or in gallons to barrels using the approach described for the St. Vincent and Grenadines subfishery (see below). We used an estimate of barrels per whale based on landings data from Trinidad, which we judged to be more nearly complete (see below). St. Vincent and the Grenadines (subfishery 10.2) Situated at the northern end of the Grenadine Island group, this was the longest-lasting subfishery in the West Indies. Although it began later than some of the others, it continued, apparently without interruption, from the 1870's to the present day. Data on landings through 1920 were documented by Mitchell and Reeves (1983: Table 15). [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Catch in numbers of whales landed for more recent years were obtained from the Secretariat of the International Whaling Commission in June 2009. Landings for 1920 and earlier were reported as volume (gal) and value ([pounds sterling]) of oil, which we standardized to U.S. barrels using the ratio of the mean number of barrels per [pounds sterling] and the mean number of [pounds sterling] per gallon reported in the St. Vincent data. This conversion corresponds to 28.8 gallons per barrel (SE=4.29). Similarly, if landings were reported in casks and [pounds sterling], we ignored the casks (because they were variable in volume; Ashley, 1926). In such cases, we converted the landings to U.S. barrels by multiplying the [pounds sterling] by 0.74 barrels per [pounds sterling] (SE 0.40). This was computed as the product of the mean [pounds sterling] per gallon and mean barrels per [pounds sterling]. When landings were reported in casks and the [pounds sterling] value was not reported, we estimated the barrels landed as the product of the number of casks and 2.90 barrels per cask (SE=0.28). This was computed as the product of the mean barrels per [pounds sterling] and the mean [pounds sterling] per cask. We used an estimate of barrels per whale based on landings data from Trinidad, which we judged to be more nearly complete (see below). Grenada (subfishery 10.3) This subfishery, at the southernmost of the Grenadine Island group, had not been well documented previously. The report by Romero and Hayford (2000) summarized information on whaling at Grenada in the 1920's but provided no data for earlier years. In our search of trade records at the Public Record Office (see earlier), we found no reference to whales or whaling until 1859 (Table 6). In that year, a ship with 3 boats was reported to have produced 301 bbl of whale oil. The next year, a ship and 8 boats reportedly produced 370 bbl. Without more information, we assume that the ships were part of the American whaling fleet and therefore that their catches for those years would have been subsumed within estimates of landings for the West Indies subfishery of the American Nonmechanized Offshore fishery (see below). There is no further reference to ship whaling in the Grenada Blue Books. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Beginning in 1861, there are regular references to boats and shore whaling stations at Grenada. During the 1860's, up to 3 stations are mentioned, 2 on Grenada and 1 on Carriacou, with anywhere from 9 to 20 boats all told. From 1871 to 1878, it appears that only 6 boats were active and only the 2 Grenada stations are listed. In most years, catch information consists only of quantities of whale oil produced and/or exported. Substantial amounts of whalebone (baleen) were also exported during the 1860's and 1870's, ranging as high as 10+ tons (>10,000 kg) in 1863. In the 3 years from 1876 to 1878, the number of whales secured is recorded: 8, 13, and 6, respectively. The rote statement that "Whale fishing is ... carried on" appears in the Blue Books from 1881 to 1902, but explicit listings of boats and whaling stations end in 1878, and the reported quantities of whale oil are relatively trivial after that year (maximum 2,610 gal) and until 1925 when a short-lived subfishery of the Norwegian Mechanized Shore fishery began operating in Grenada (Mitchell and Reeves, 1983; Romero and Hayford, 2000). The landings from that subfishery are included in the Grenada subfishery of the Norwegian Mechanized Shore fishery (Fishery 1.10, above). We estimated annual landings for subfishery 10.3 using the data in Table 6. We standardized the oil quantities to U.S. barrels using information from the St. Vincent and Grenadines subfishery. We used an estimate of barrels per whale based on landings data from Trinidad, which we judged to be more nearly complete (see below). Trinidad (subfishery 10.4) Shore whaling was conducted in Trinidad from the 1820's to the 1870's. Reeves et al. (2001a) summarized information on the value and quantity of oil landed, numbers of shore stations and boats, and, for some years, the number of humpback whales landed. We standardized oil landed to U.S. barrels using information from the St. Vincent subfishery, and estimated number of barrels per whale from this subfishery. For years when only the number of boats was known, we estimated landings by multiplying the number of boats by the mean of whales/boat calculated from the years when both number of boats active and number of whales landed were reported. St. Lucia (subfishery 10.5) Mitchell and Reeves (1983) referred to a whaling station at Pigeon Island near St. Lucia, and Reeves and Smith (2002) suggested that the St. Lucia Blue Books should be checked for data. In our search of trade records, the earliest reference to whales or whaling was in 1876 (Table 7), when it was reported that foreign vessels whaling in local waters were subject to a tax. Although modest quantities of whale oil were exported regularly between 1879 and 1888, this appears to have been the produce of ship-based foreign whalers. There is nothing in the Blue Books to suggest that shore whaling occurred at this island. Thus, we conclude that any shore whaling in St. Lucia must have been extremely limited and we assume that there was no catch. Turks and Caicos (subfishery 10.6) Reeves and Smith (2002) found no certain evidence of shore-based whaling in the Turks and Caicos, an island group located far to the north and west of the other Caribbean sites. Based on a single, vague reference to the closing of a shore station there in the 1880's, they had checked the Turks and Caicos Blue Books for 1870, 1875, 1880, 1882, 1884, 1886, and 1888, but found "no reference of any kind . to local whaling in the Turks and Caicos." Our study of Bermuda newspapers (above) provided confirmation that whaling did take place as well as a few details on the scale and duration of the Turks and Caicos subfishery. In early 1846, it was reported, "The Turks' Island Whaling Company have commenced operations, and . they had within the period of one month taken four fine Whales" (The Royal Gazette, 24 March 1846). A whale had also been taken by a boat "indifferently fitted out" at Salt Cay (The Royal Gazette, 24 March 1846). By the third week of April 1846, 2 more whales had been taken by the Turks' Island Whaling Company (The Royal Gazette, 19 May 1846). The next year, 1 whale was taken before 23 February (The Royal Gazette, 9 March 1847) and apparently it remained the only one captured (a "young one") through the third week of April (The Bermuda Herald, 27 May 1847). The "leading Whaleman," Captain Morell, was injured during the capture of that whale (The Bermuda Herald, 27 May 1847). In 1848, the company's schooner, Ambassador, went to sea on 1 February (The Bermuda Herald, 10 March 1848) and had taken 2 whales by early March; it was under the management of a Bermudian recruited by Captain Morell to "lead in this . enterprise" (The Royal Gazette, 7 March 1848; The Bermuda Herald, 10 March 1848). In 1849, the newspapers contained news of political activities in the Turks Islands but no mention of whaling. It is nonetheless clear that some effort continued for at least a few more years: in 1851, as of mid April, 2 whales (expected to yield 60 bbl) had been taken and whaling effort was continuing (The Royal Gazette, 6 May 1851). In summary, we can now confirm that humpback whaling occurred at the Turks and Caicos from 1846 until at least the early 1850's, with annual landings ranging between zero and 7 whales. We estimated total landings as 3.5 per year, with sampling uncertainty based on a uniform distribution from zero to 7, and we extrapolated that level forward to the mid 1850's. Cape Verde Islands Shore Fishery (Fishery 12) Reeves and Smith (2002) found little direct evidence of nonmechanized shore whaling at the Cape Verde Islands (CVI) although they cited the reports of Reiner et al. (1996) and Hazevoet and Wenzel (2000) indicating that some type of shore whaling had been practiced there between the late 18th century and the early 20th century. Reeves and Smith (2002) also acknowledged, but dismissed as "meager," the evidence of CVI shore whaling found by Reeves et al. (2002a) in a study of American ship-based whaling for humpback whales around the islands. That evidence consisted of references to one shore-based crew active at Sal in March 1854 and "quite a number" of shore-based boats active there in March 1866. Moreover, Reeves et al. (2002a) found evidence to suggest shore whaling at Boa Vista in March 1866 and April 1876, as well as at Tarrafal Bay in February 1886. The Cape Verde Islands Nonmechanized Shore fishery was among the few fisheries or subfisheries that Reeves and Smith (2002:232) considered in need of further study. The results of the studies on our behalf by Brito and Hazevoet (see Materials and Methods) had disappointing results. Brito's search in Lisbon located some references to whale hunting in the CVI region in the late 17th century (Anonymous, 1985) as well as the mid 18th century (Coleccao de Leis (3)), but it is not until the second half of the 19th century that there are unequivocal references to shore-based whaling. Junior (1896) specifically mentioned whale hunting at two sites on Sao Nicolau (Tarrafal [Passapel's Harbour] and Carrical [Carrical's Cove]) and noted that two Azoreans had come there and stayed, "teaching the natives" whaling skills. A published record of 1,500 gallons of whale oil being exported from Sao Nicolau to the Portugal mainland and other Portuguese colonies in 1874-75 (Anonymous, 1875) strengthens the likelihood that shore whaling was active there at the time. Friedlaender (1913, 1914), however, who visited the CVI in 1912, claimed that the whale fishery there had "lost all its relevance," that the stations at Tarrafal and Carrical would soon be gone, and that a station on Maio was well-equipped but no longer profitable (also see Vasconcellos, 1916). In his opinion (Friedlander, 1913:32), the decline was due to the fact that the whales "had been driven to extinction by the American whalers." Statistical information on exports of small quantities of whale oil and blubber from the CVI during the first two decades of the 20th century is difficult to interpret because much or most of the oil appears to have been imported (possibly from American whaling vessels working in the area) and then reexported. There are, however, definite (albeit sporadic) references in the Cape Verdes customs and statistical records to shore whaling at Tarrafal between ca. 1912 and 1920, with about 12 men engaged (thus presumably two boat crews). The production in 1918 amounted to 2,000 l of oil and in 1919 no whales were taken. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] During Hazevoet's visit to Sal, where shore whaling certainly took place to some extent in the 19th century (e.g. Cardoso, 1896; Carreira, 1983; Reeves et al., 2002a), it proved impossible to obtain useful information. Hazevoet concluded that all archives and administrative records pertaining to the Sal tuna factory and its whaling-station predecessor had been lost, destroyed, or deliberately discarded upon the tuna factory's closure about 15 years previously. On Sao Nicolau, Hazevoet met with Joaquim Pinheiro, director of the tuna factory (Sociedade Ultramarino de Conservas Lda.) in Tarrafal, which was built at the same site as the old whaling station there and even partly used the same premises. Pinheiro confirmed that the Empresa da Pesca da Balaeia do Carrical e do Tarrafal was established around 1870 (Hazevoet and Wenzel (2000) gave this as 1874). Later, the company was owned by Jose Gaspar da Conceicao and operated under that name, with 'Herdeiras' (Heirs) added after the first owner's death. Pinheiro advised Hazevoet that all of the company archives had been destroyed by a fire in the 1960's and therefore that no documentation remained. From his memory, Pinheiro said that during an average season (January-May) about 2 whales a month were caught at the Tarrafal station, but that operations ceased during the early 1920's due to the scarcity of whales. Hazevoet inferred that the whales hunted were primarily humpbacks, not sperms, as it was said that the whales often entered Tarrafal Bay and surroundings and were accompanied by calves. Another of Hazevoet's informants at Sao Nicolau (Jose Cabral, a civil servant at the Camara Municipal of Tarrafal with a special interest in island history) told him that there had been 3 whaling stations on Sao Nicolau: one at Tarrafal, one at Baia de Barreiros (east of Carrical), and another at Graca (west of Carrical). He stated that he had visited and photographed the ruins of the latter 2 stations and also that he had photographed the last whale ever caught at Tarrafal. This was shortly after the Cape Verdes gained independence in 1975, and Hazevoet surmised that the whale could have been the humpback whale taken in 1977, as reported by the IWC. Cabral explained that the hunt on that occasion had been opportunistic and carried out by people who were unaware of, or unconcerned with, its illegality. He regarded it as an isolated event. The additional archival investigations conducted for this study confirm the non-availability of quantitative data on catches by CVI shore whaling and clarify the possible number of islands involved. Following the approach used by Reeves and Smith (2010) for 19th century shore whaling in California, we projected levels of landings in the CVI fishery by using what we inferred to have been a similar fishery in the West Indies. Thus, we assumed that the scale, methods, and equipment at CVI shore whaling stations were the same as in the West Indies, and we used the pooled summary statistics (Table 3) for all of the West Indies subfisheries (except the St. Vincent and the Grenadines subfishery) as the basis for estimating annual landings. We omitted the St. Vincent subfishery because it differs from the others by virtue of its continuity to the present. The underlying assumption of our approach was not necessarily that the same number or density of whales was available to be caught in the Cape Verdes as in the West Indies, but rather that the nature, scale, and operations of the shore fisheries in the two regions were sufficiently similar to justify this crude type of extrapolation. The earliest mention of shore whaling in the CVI refers to the island of Sal in 1854. The mean duration of the West Indies subfisheries was 46 years, so we assumed the CVI fishery was active from 1854 to 1900. Although some whaling took place in the early 20th century, we disregarded it on the assumption that it was inconsequential, as some of the information above suggests. Whaling stations were identified on 6 islands in the CVI, although the scale and duration of the whaling activity undoubtedly varied considerably among them. To account for this variability, we assumed that whaling occurred in a manner parallel to that in the West Indies, i.e. on an average (at any one time) of 3.5 islands (mean of 1 to 6), with a standard error based on the uniform distribution from 1 to 6. We assigned an average number of humpbacks landed per year by CVI stations based on the average of the landings per year by West Indies stations. To estimate annual landings for the CVI overall, we multiplied that average of landings by the number of islands assumed to have active whaling stations. Madeira Shore Fishery (Fishery 13) As noted by Reeves and Smith (2002), humpbacks were taken occasionally in this fishery. The 20th century data from the IWC indicate a total of 5 landed, all in the period 1957-61 (Table 3). Summary of Nonmechanized Shore Whaling Nonmechanized shore whaling accounted for nearly 30% of the estimated total North Atlantic landings of humpback whales (Fig. 4). Nonmechanized shore whaling began in the 17th century, and landings were variable until the 19th century. Whaling for humpbacks peaked in the 19th century, dropped to very low levels in the 20th century, and continue to the present day at only one site (subfishery 10.2). The earliest catches were in Bermuda and Greenland. Landings for 8 fisheries and subfisheries are shown in Figure 5, the first frame (5A) includes feeding ground or migratory route (e.g. Bermuda) fisheries and the CVI breeding ground fishery, and the second (5B) the West Indies breeding ground fisheries. Whaling for humpback whales on the feeding grounds declined to negligible levels in the early 20th century (Fig. 5B). On the breeding grounds, whaling began and peaked in the 19th century, and continued at low levels throughout the 20th century (Fig. 5A, B). Nonmechanized Offshore Whaling Nonmechanized offshore whaling for humpback whales was conducted by both Canadian and American whalers in the North Atlantic feeding grounds but only by Americans in the breeding grounds. American Offshore Fishery (Fishery 11) Reeves and Smith (2002) summarized the broad outlines of this fishery, drawing especially on Mitchell and Reeves (1983). They distinguished three North Atlantic sub-fisheries, two when vessels operated in the principal breeding grounds in the West Indies and the Cape Verde Islands and a third when vessels operated outside those breeding grounds. The two breeding ground subfisheries were active primarily in the latter half of the 19th century. They were geographically distinct, with few instances where a vessel hunted humpback whales in both North Atlantic breeding grounds during the same voyage (Smith and Reeves, 2003b). The third subfishery ("Other Areas") includes instances when the ship-based whalers attempted to take humpback whales in North American coastal waters and across the North Atlantic from 1750 to 1900. West Indies and Cape Verde Islands (subfisheries 11.1 and 11.2) The summary data on number of voyages (Lund et al., 2010) and the augmented sample of logbook data including that collected since 2003 showed the same general patterns as described by Smith and Reeves (2003b). One primary difference was, as expected, that the fishery began earlier than we previously thought and was active in the Cape Verde Islands in the period 1850 to 1865. The humpback landings from the sampled logbooks are listed by voyage in Appendix 3. Other Areas (subfishery 11.3) Reeves and Smith (2002) characterized this subfishery as being primarily opportunistic, i.e. humpbacks were taken during voyages focused on other species. They made no effort to estimate the magnitude of landings and concluded that the pursuit and killing of humpback whales by the 19th century ship-based whalers in areas outside the breeding grounds were "exceptional rather than common." However, in this study we reconsidered the value and feasibility of estimating the catches by the Other Areas subfishery. [FIGURE 4 OMITTED] For the second half of the 18th century, we examined logbook data from 45 voyages between 1751 and 1790 (Mitchell and Reeves, 1983:182; Reeves and Mitchell, 1986:248-249). Notable in those data were the following: 1) in 1752 the sloop Seaflower of Nantucket sailed to Newfoundland "to kill Some Humps" and its logbook reported that Seaflower and six other vessels returned with "Something better than 100 barrels apiece of Humpback oyl"; 2) in 1765 the sloop Diamond of Nantucket reported while on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland that another vessel had taken a humpback whale; 3) the sloop Olive of Nantucket in 1764 and Diamond in 1765 made efforts to catch humpbacks on the Grand Banks; and 4) several sloops reportedly sighted but did not attempt to catch humpbacks--Greyhound of Nantucket in 1753 in Davis Strait, Reliance of Darmouth in 1768 in the Strait of Belle Isle, and Frances of Nantucket in 1758, Endeavor of Nantucket in 1761, Dolphin of Nantucket in 1763, and Olive of Nantucket in 1765 on the Grand Banks. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [FIGURE 5 OMITTED] Based on information in Starbuck (1878) and Dolin (2007) concerning hostile interactions of American whalers with French privateers and later British administrators in Newfoundland and Labrador, we assumed that voyages like Sea/lower's in 1752 would have become less frequent by the end of that decade. Therefore, we stratified the logbook sample of 45 voyages into two strata--one of 28 voyages from 1751 to 1759 and the other of 17 voyages from 1760 to 1790. Using an average of 25 bbl/whale to convert the oil returns reported by Seaflower in 1752, about 4 humpbacks were taken by each of the 7 sloops known to have gone that year to Newfoundland with the explicit intention of humpbacking. This results in an average of 1.0 whale per voyage (SE=0.33) for the 28 voyages in the 1751-59 stratum. We combined the data from the second stratum (1760-90) with 19th century logbook data for all Atlantic whaling voyages that departed before the beginning of the breeding ground subfisheries (1850) or that departed after that year but did not participate in either of those two subfisheries. The average number of humpbacks landed by those 110 voyages was 0.072 (SE=0.031). To estimate the total number of voyages departing per year for the latter half of the 18th century, we used the method of Reeves et al. (2007:64), which combined Lund et al.'s (2010) summary voyage list for the years 1776-91 with the results of an exponential model fitted to the number of voyages mentioned by Starbuck (1878) for the period 1751-75. These results were combined with the numbers of Atlantic-bound voyages departing in the 19th century. Canada Offshore Fishery (Fishery 6) This fishery involved schooners that operated throughout most of the 19th century, based primarily in the Gaspe region of southern Quebec (along the south shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence). Humpbacks are thought to have been the main species targeted, especially after mid century, although this was certainly a multispecies fishery. Annual catches were estimated from data on the numbers of schooners active and the numbers of whales and amounts of oil landed (Mitchell and Reeves, 1983: Table 3). For years with landings reported as whales, we assumed these were accurate. For years when the catch was reported as oil we converted oil to barrels and estimated barrels per whale from data for years in which both oil and whales were reported. When neither the whale number nor the oil amount was reported, we estimated the number of whales by multiplying the number of schooners active by the mean number of whales per schooner for years when both whales and schooners were reported. In this latter case, for years prior to 1865 when the number of schooners was not reported, we interpolated that number by assuming an exponential increase from the reported numbers from 1834 to 1859, assuming 1 schooner in 1804 (as reported by Mitchell and Reeves, 1983: Table 3). We interpolated the number of whales for the few years without schooner reports after 1865. Finally, we assumed that between one-half and three-quarters of the whales taken were humpback whales based on anecdotal reports (Mitchell and Reeves, 1983). [FIGURE 6 OMITTED] Summary of Nonmechanized Offshore Whaling Nonmechanized offshore whaling accounted for nearly 35% of the total North Atlantic humpback landings (Fig. 6). The 4 fisheries and subfisheries each accounted for 6 to 13% of the total landings (Fig. 7A, B). The annual landings of both the West Indies and CVI sub-fisheries peaked between 1865 and 1870, with the latter's dropping substantially after 1870. The annual landings by the Other Areas subfishery peaked between 1750 and 1760, collapsed with the U.S. War of Independence, and continued at very low levels throughout the 19th century. The annual landings of the Canada fishery peaked around 1860. Total Estimated Removals Estimates of total landings for the various fisheries and subfisheries are summarized in Table 3 (as described at the beginning of Results), with the percentage that each subtotal represents of the total humpback landings by all fisheries combined. Estimates of total removals are also summarized in Table 3 on the same basis as for landings. Removals were estimated by multiplying the landings by the appropriate loss rate factors. Discussion and Conclusions Over the past 3 centuries, North Atlantic humpback whales have been pursued in at least 27 fisheries and subfisheries (Table 3). The estimated total of whales landed was 21,476 (SE=214). The time series of aggregate landings (Fig. 1) shows the changing intensity of humpback whaling over the centuries, as well as the varying statistical uncertainty as indicated by the vertical bars. The estimate of total removals was 30,852 (SE=655), roughly 45% greater than total landings. The general pattern of removals over time was similar to that of landings (Fig. 1), although a greater proportion of the removals occurred in earlier years when the loss rates were higher. Whaling intensity increased gradually, from initially low levels in the 17th and early 18th centuries, primarily in Bermuda, to much higher levels from the mid 1800's to early 1900's. Levels declined rapidly after the early years of the 20th century. The individual fisheries and subfisheries operated over different periods and at highly varying scales (Fig. 2-7). Whaling for humpbacks continues in the North Atlantic only in St. Vincent and the Grenadines and in Greenland. [FIGURE 7A OMITTED] [FIGURE 7B OMITTED] Historical fisheries information is always subject to concerns about the completeness of reporting and the bias and precision of estimates. In this paper, we have identified previously used sources of information and sought additional data from archives to fill gaps in understanding of North Atlantic humpback whaling. To the extent possible, we have checked the reports on landings for completeness and adopted or, if necessary, developed methods to account for missing data in order to avoid underestimation. Our new overall estimate of total removals is roughly 6% higher than that used previously by the IWC Scientific Committee. However, such an increase is not nearly enough to achieve the kind of reconciliation between a catch-based and a DNA-based approach to estimation of historical abundance envisioned by Palumbi and Roman (2006). Even after accounting for statistical uncertainty and the effects of potential biases, our reconstruction of removals by whaling fails to resolve the two outstanding issues: the poor fit of the population assessment models and the inconsistency between the catch history and the estimate of long-term average humpback whale abundance based on genetic variability. The three base-case models considered by Punt et al. (2006: Table 7) resulted in estimates of pre-whaling abundance of between 22,100 and 25,800 whales for the West Indies and the Cape Verde Island populations combined. Their sensitivity tests included alternative catch series with total cumulative removals ranging from 11% to 135% higher than those used in the IWC modeling (IWC, 2002, 2003). While some of the sensitivity tests improved the fit of the models, none of them resulted in pre-whaling abundance estimates even remotely approaching the genetics-based estimate of average longterm abundance of 240,000 by Roman and Palumbi (2003). The size, statistical precision, and sensitivity to possible biases of our new removal estimate are well within the ranges considered by Punt et al. (2006). Acknowledgments We are grateful for the support of the Lenfest Foundation through a grant obtained by Steven Palumbi that allowed us to extend our earlier studies of whaling in the North Atlantic. In addition, we appreciate the assistance of Cherry Allison of the International Whaling Commission with the 20th century data, Judith Lund and Elizabeth Josephson with American whaling, Bo Poulsen with the Greenland shore whaling daybooks, and Cristina Brito and Kees Hazevoet with the records related to the Cape Verde Islands shore fishery. Literature Cited Allison, C., and T. D. Smith. 2004. Progress on the construction of a comprehensive database of twentieth century whaling catches. Sci. Committee Doc. SC/56/O27, Int. Whal. Comm., Camb. Engl. Anonymous 1875. Relatorios dos Governadores Geraes das Provmdas de Cabo Verde, Mocambique e Estado da India. --. 1985. Reflexoes sobre a Pesca em Cabo Verde. I Encontro Nacional sobre as Pescas, Praia, 499 p. Ashley, C. W. 1926. The Yankee whaler. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 156 p. Cardoso, J., 1896. Pescadores e pescarias no archipelago de Cabo-Verde. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:93-96, 211-216. Carreira, A., 1983. Migracoes nas ilhas de Cabo Verde. Instituto Caboverdeano do Livro, Praia. Dolin, E. J. 2007. Leviathan: the history of whaling in America. W. W. Norton, New York, 460 p. Friedlaender, I. 1913. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Kapverdischen Inseln. Dietrich Reimer, Berlin. --. 1914. Subsi'dios para o conheci mento das Ilhas de Cabo Verde: Resultados de uma viagem de estudo no verao de 1912. Tipografia da Cooperativa Militar, Lisboa. Hazevoet, C. J., and F. W. Wenzel. 2000. Whales and dolphins (Mammalia, Cetacea) of the Cape Verde Islands, with special reference to the humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781). Contrib. Zool. 69:197-211. IWC. 2002. Annex H. Report of the Sub-committee on the Comprehensive Assessment of North Atlantic Humpback Whales. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 4 (Suppl.):230-260. --. 2003. Annex H. Report of the Subcommittee on the Comprehensive Assessment of Humpback Whales. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 5 (Suppl.):293-323. Junior, J. C. 1896. Pescadores e pescarias no Archipelago de Cabo Verde. Annaes Sci. Naturais Vol. III, Porto, 93-96. Kapel, F. O. 1979. Exploitation of large whales in West Greenland in the twentieth century. Rep. Int. Whal. Comm. 29:197-214. --. 2005. Otto Fabricius and the seals of Greenland. Medd. Gr0nland Biosci. 55:1150. --and R. Petersen. 1982. Subsistence hunting--the Greenland case. Rep. Int. Whal. Comm. (Special Issue) 4:51-73. Lund, J. N., E. A. Josephson, R. R. Reeves, and T. D. Smith. 2010. American offshore whaling voyages 1667 to 1927. Old Dartmouth Hist. Soc. and New Bedford Whal. Mus., New Bedford, Mass. Vol. I: Voyages by vessel, 670 p.; vol. II: Voyages by master, 349 p. Maury, M. F. 1851. Maury's Sailing Directions. 3rd ed. Wash., D.C. p. 204. Mitchell, E., and R. R. Reeves. 1983. Catch history, abundance, and present status of Northwest Atlantic humpback whales. Rep. Int. Whal. Comm., Spec. Iss. 5:153-212. Palumbi, S., and J. Roman. 2006. The history of whales read from DNA. In J. A. Estes, D. P. DeMaster, D. F. Doak, T. M. Williams, and R. L. Brownell, Jr. (Editors), Whales, whaling, and ocean ecosystems, p. 102-115. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley. Punt, A. E., N. Friday, and T. D. Smith. 2006. Reconciling data on the trends and abundance of North Atlantic humpback whales within a population modeling framework. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 8:145-160. Reeves, R. R., J. M. Breiwick, and E. D. Mitchell. 1999. History of whaling and estimated kill of right whales, Balaena glacialis, in the northeastern United States, 1620-1924. Mar. Fish. Rev. 61(3):1-36. --, P. J. Clapham, and S. E. Wetmore. 2002a. Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) occurrence near the Cape Verde Islands, based on American 19th century whaling records. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 4:235-253. --, J. A. Khan, R. R. Olsen, S. L. Swartz, and T. D. Smith. 2001a. History of whaling in Trinidad and Tobago. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 3:45-54. --, S. Leatherwood, S. A. Karl, and E. R. Yohe. 1985. Whaling results at Akutan (1912-39) and Port Hobron (1926-37), Alaska. Rep. Int. Whal. Comm. 35:441-157. --, M. G. McKenzie, and T. D. Smith. 2006. History of Bermuda shore whaling, mainly for humpback whales. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 8:33-43. --and E. Mitchell. 1986. American pelagic whaling for right whales in the North Atlantic. Rep. Int. Whal. Comm., Spec. Iss. 10:221-254. --and T. D. Smith. 2002. Historical catches of humpback whales in the North Atlantic Ocean: An overview of sources. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 4:219-234. --and--. 2006. A taxonomy of world whaling: Operations and eras. In J. A. Estes, D. P. DeMaster, D. F. Doak, T. M. Williams, and R. L. Brownell, Jr. (Editors), Whales, whaling, and ocean ecosystems, p. 82-101. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley. --and--. 2010. Commercial whaling, especially for gray whales, Eschrichtius robustus, and humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, at California and Baja California shore stations in the 19th century (1854-1899). Mar. Fish. Rev. 72(1):1-25. --, --, and E. A. Josephson. 2007. Near-annihilation of a species: Right whaling in the North Atlantic. In S. D. Kraus and R. M. Rolland (Editors), The urban whale: North Atlantic right whales at the crossroads, p. 39-74. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA. --, --, --, P.J. Clapham, and G. Woolmer. 2004. Historical observations of humpback and blue whales in the North Atlantic Ocean: clues to migratory routes and possibly additional feeding grounds. Mar. Mammal Sci. 20:774786. --, --, R. L. Webb, J. Robbins, and P. J. Clapham. 2002b. Humpback and fin whaling in the Gulf of Maine from 1800 to 1918. Mar. Fish. Rev. 64(1):1-12. --, S. L. Swartz, S. E. Wetmore, and P. J. Clapham. 2001b. Historical occurrence and distribution of humpback whales in the eastern and southern Caribbean Sea, based on data from American whaling logbooks. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 3:117-129. Reiner, F., M. E. Dos Santos, and F. W. Wenzel. 1996. Cetaceans in the Cape Verde archipelago. Mar. Mammal Sci. 12:434-443. Rink, H. 1877. Danish Greenland: Its people and products (orig. in Danish), reprinted in 1974 McGill-Queens Univ. Press, Montreal. Roman, J., and S. Palumbi. 2003. Whales before whaling in the North Atlantic. Science 301:508-510. Romero, A. 2006. 'More private gain than public good': whale and ambergris exploitation in 17th-century Bermuda. Bermuda J. Archaeol. Maritime Hist. 17:5-27. --. 2007. Between war and poverty: Whaling in 18th-century Bermuda. Bermuda J. Archaeol. Maritime Hist. 18:7-32. -- and K. Hayford. 2000. Past and present utilisation of marine mammals in Grenada, West Indies. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 2:223-226. Smith, T. D., and D. G. Pike. 2009. The enigmatic whale: The North Atlantic humpback. In C. Lockyer and D. G. Pike (Editors), North Atlantic Sighting Surveys: counting whales in the North Atlantic 1987-2001, p. 161-178. N. Atl. Mar. Mammal Comm. Sci. Publ. 7. -- and R. R. Reeves. 2002. Estimating historical humpback whale removals from the North Atlantic. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 4 (Suppl.):242-255. -- and --. 2003a. Estimating historic humpback whale removals from the North Atlantic: an update. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 5 (Suppl.):301-311. -- and --. 2003b. Estimating American 19th century catches of humpback whales in the West Indies and Cape Verde Islands. Carib. J. Sci. 39:286-297. Scammon, C. M. 1874. The marine mammals of the north-western coast of North America, described and illustrated with an account of the American whale-fishery. John H. Carmany and Co., N.Y., 319 p. Starbuck, A. 1878. History of the American whale fishery from its earliest inception to the year 1876. In Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. Fish Fish. IV, 1875-1876, App. A, p. 1-779. Gov. Print. Off., Wash., D.C. Townsend, C. H. 1935. The distribution of certain whales as shown by logbook records of American whaleships. Zoologica 19:1-50. True, F. W. 1904. The whalebone whales of the western North Atlantic. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, vol. 33, no. 1414, Wash., D.C. Vasconcellos, E. J. C. 1916. Archipelago de Cabo Verde: Estudo elementar de Geographia phisica, economia e politica. Cent. Typographico Colonial, Lisboa. Tim D. Smith is with the World Whaling History Project, 1562 Purple Way, Redding, CA 96003. Randall R. Reeves is with Okapi Wildlife Associates, 27 Chandler Lane, Hudson, Quebec J0P 1H0, Canada (e-mail for correspondence: World-WhalingHistory@gmail.com). (1) Allison, C., International Whaling Commission, The Red House, 135 Station Road, Impington, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, U.K. CB24 9NP (2) Poulsen, B. 2010. Report covering the construction of dataset on Greenland humpback whaling from 1774-1886 based on 'Daybooks of the Royal Greenland Trade'. Contributions to World Whaling History, No. 7. Available from the History of Marine Animal Populations at www.hmapcoml.org/publications/documents/ Poulsen2010.pdf. (3) Coleccao de Leis. 1768. Cartas e documentos reais. (Christina Brito personal communication; not seen by the authors). Appendix 1.--For 50 voyages by vessels in the American Non-
mechanized Offshore fishery (Fishery 11) where reporting in the
logbook was judged complete, the vessel name, voyage
identification number (VID; Lund et al., 2010), number of
humpback whales reported as landed (i.e. "tried out") or struck
and lost, in 4 categories: killed, escaped carrying gear, escaped
after the harpoon drew, and escaped in unknown condition.
Landed Known Escaped
(tried killed carrying
Vessel Name VID out) but lost gear
Adeline Gibbs 59 38 2 2
Admiral Blake 64 2 0 0
Alcyone 77 2 0 0
Ann Maria 1 0 0 0
Annawan 6 1 0 0
Arthur Clifford 1267 7 1 1
Arthur Clifford 1268 9 2 3
Arthur Clifford 1270 10 2 2
Asia 28 9 2 0
Barclay 43 3 1 1
Bark Midas 125 2 0 0
Bark Roscoe 26 16 5 7
Benjamin Franklin 46 3 0 1
By Chance 51 1 0 1
Charleston Packet 60 1 2 0
Cicero 62 0 0 0
Cicero 63 4 0 2
David A. Small 3627 12 5 1
E. Nickerson 3941 17 8 7
Edward Quesnal 69 4 2 2
Elizabeth 71 0 0 0
Europa 81 5 2 2
Exchange 82 1 1 0
Fortune 85 0 0 0
Franklin 5240 9 4 0
George Washington 90 0 3 0
Golden City 5851 3 0 1
Halcyon 94 0 0 1
Homer 99 1 0 1
Imogene 104 3 0 0
Industry 106 1 0 1
Josephine 113 2 0 0
Kathleen 116 4 0 1
Milwood 126 0 1 0
Nellie F. Putnam 10347 8 1 2
Nellie F. Putnam 10348 6 2 1
Noble 7 1 1 0
Oliver Crocker 11 5 0 0
Osceola 13 2 0 0
Pearl Nelson 18 2 0 0
Petrel 20 3 1 2
Ploughboy 21 1 1 0
Quickstep 12015 4 2 0
Quito 22 1 0 0
Rodman 24 0 0 1
Solon 13224 1 1 1
Union 14283 7 3 1
Washington 39 2 0 0
Willam and Eliza 40 1 1 1
William Lee 15671 12 5 1
Escaped
after Escaped
harpoon In unknown
Vessel Name drew condition
Adeline Gibbs 6 3
Admiral Blake 0 1
Alcyone 0 0
Ann Maria 1 1
Annawan 0 1
Arthur Clifford 1 2
Arthur Clifford 0 2
Arthur Clifford 1 2
Asia 0 1
Barclay 1 2
Bark Midas 0 0
Bark Roscoe 3 2
Benjamin Franklin 1 0
By Chance 0 0
Charleston Packet 0 1
Cicero 1 0
Cicero 0 0
David A. Small 0 2
E. Nickerson 8 6
Edward Quesnal 0 1
Elizabeth 1 0
Europa 4 1
Exchange 0 0
Fortune 0 1
Franklin 0 3
George Washington 0 0
Golden City 0 1
Halcyon 0 0
Homer 1 1
Imogene 0 0
Industry 0 0
Josephine 0 2
Kathleen 0 1
Milwood 0 0
Nellie F. Putnam 1 3
Nellie F. Putnam 0 1
Noble 0 0
Oliver Crocker 0 0
Osceola 0 0
Pearl Nelson 0 0
Petrel 3 6
Ploughboy 0 0
Quickstep 1 2
Quito 0 0
Rodman 1 1
Solon 1 2
Union 1 1
Washington 0 0
Willam and Eliza 1 2
William Lee 1 9
Appendix 2.--Estimated number of humpback whales landed (with
estimated standard error), by year, for all fisheries (Total) and
for each fishery or sub-fishery (identified by number
corresponding to Table 3). Annual totals for all fisheries
combined are shown in Figure 1, and the annual totals for
individual fisheries and sub-fisheries are shown in Figures 2
through 7.
Year Total Total.se 1.1 1.1se 1.2 1.2se
1616 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1617 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1618 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1619 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1620 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1621 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1622 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1623 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1624 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1625 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1626 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1627 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1628 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1629 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1630 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1631 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1632 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1633 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1634 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1635 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1636 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1637 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1638 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1639 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1640 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1641 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1642 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1643 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1644 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1645 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1646 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1647 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1648 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1649 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1650 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1651 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1652 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1653 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1654 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1655 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1656 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1657 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1658 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1659 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1660 16 8.1 0 0 0 0
1661 16 8.1 0 0 0 0
1662 16 8.1 0 0 0 0
1663 16 8.1 0 0 0 0
1664 5 0 0 0 0 0
1665 24 0.6 0 0 0 0
1666 20 1.3 0 0 0 0
1667 24 2.2 0 0 0 0
1668 13 0.7 0 0 0 0
1669 8 0.6 0 0 0 0
1670 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1671 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1672 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1673 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1674 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1675 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1676 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1677 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1678 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1679 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1680 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1681 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1682 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1683 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1684 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1685 14 0 0 0 0 0
1686 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1687 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1688 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1689 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1690 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1691 0 0 0 0 0
1692 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1693 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1694 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1695 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1696 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
Year 6 6se 7 7se 8 8se
1616 0 0 0 0 0 0
1617 0 0 0 0 0 0
1618 0 0 0 0 0 0
1619 0 0 0 0 0 0
1620 0 0 0 0 0 0
1621 0 0 0 0 0 0
1622 0 0 0 0 0 0
1623 0 0 0 0 0 0
1624 0 0 0 0 0 0
1625 0 0 0 0 0 0
1626 0 0 0 0 0 0
1627 0 0 0 0 0 0
1628 0 0 0 0 0 0
1629 0 0 0 0 0 0
1630 0 0 0 0 0 0
1631 0 0 0 0 0 0
1632 0 0 0 0 0 0
1633 0 0 0 0 0 0
1634 0 0 0 0 0 0
1635 0 0 0 0 0 0
1636 0 0 0 0 0 0
1637 0 0 0 0 0 0
1638 0 0 0 0 0 0
1639 0 0 0 0 0 0
1640 0 0 0 0 0 0
1641 0 0 0 0 0 0
1642 0 0 0 0 0 0
1643 0 0 0 0 0 0
1644 0 0 0 0 0 0
1645 0 0 0 0 0 0
1646 0 0 0 0 0 0
1647 0 0 0 0 0 0
1648 0 0 0 0 0 0
1649 0 0 0 0 0 0
1650 0 0 0 0 0 0
1651 0 0 0 0 0 0
1652 0 0 0 0 0 0
1653 0 0 0 0 0 0
1654 0 0 0 0 0 0
1655 0 0 0 0 0 0
1656 0 0 0 0 0 0
1657 0 0 0 0 0 0
1658 0 0 0 0 0 0
1659 0 0 0 0 0 0
1660 0 0 0 0 0 0
1661 0 0 0 0 0 0
1662 0 0 0 0 0 0
1663 0 0 0 0 0 0
1664 0 0 0 0 0 0
1665 0 0 0 0 0 0
1666 0 0 0 0 0 0
1667 0 0 0 0 0 0
1668 0 0 0 0 0 0
1669 0 0 0 0 0 0
1670 0 0 0 0 0 0
1671 0 0 0 0 0 0
1672 0 0 0 0 0 0
1673 0 0 0 0 0 0
1674 0 0 0 0 0 0
1675 0 0 0 0 0 0
1676 0 0 0 0 0 0
1677 0 0 0 0 0 0
1678 0 0 0 0 0 0
1679 0 0 0 0 0 0
1680 0 0 0 0 0 0
1681 0 0 0 0 0 0
1682 0 0 0 0 0 0
1683 0 0 0 0 0 0
1684 0 0 0 0 0 0
1685 0 0 0 0 0 0
1686 0 0 0 0 0 0
1687 0 0 0 0 0 0
1688 0 0 0 0 0 0
1689 0 0 0 0 0 0
1690 0 0 0 0 0 0
1691 0 0 0 0 0 0
1692 0 0 0 0 0 0
1693 0 0 0 0 0 0
1694 0 0 0 0 0 0
1695 0 0 0 0 0 0
1696 0 0 0 0 0 0
Year Total Total.se 1.1 1.1se 1.2 1.2se
1697 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1698 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1699 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1700 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1701 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1702 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1703 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1704 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1705 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1706 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1707 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1708 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1709 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1710 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1711 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1712 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1713 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1714 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1715 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1716 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1717 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1718 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1719 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1720 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1721 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1722 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1723 9 0.7 0 0 0 0
1724 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1725 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1726 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1727 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1728 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1729 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1730 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1731 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1732 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1733 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1734 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1735 11 0 0 0 0 0
1736 8 0 0 0 0 0
1737 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1738 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1739 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1740 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1741 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1742 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1743 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1744 0 0 0 0 0 0
1745 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1746 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1747 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1748 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1749 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1750 5 3.2 0 0 0 0
1751 61 19.6 0 0 0 0
1752 65 20.9 0 0 0 0
1753 69 22.2 0 0 0 0
1754 73 23.7 0 0 0 0
1755 77 25.2 0 0 0 0
1756 82 26.8 0 0 0 0
1757 87 28.6 0 0 0 0
1758 93 30.5 0 0 0 0
1759 99 32.5 0 0 0 0
1760 12 4.5 0 0 0 0
1761 13 4.7 0 0 0 0
1762 13 4.8 0 0 0 0
1763 14 5 0 0 0 0
1764 14 5.2 0 0 0 0
1765 15 5.4 0 0 0 0
1766 16 5.7 0 0 0 0
1767 17 5.9 0 0 0 0
1768 17 6.2 0 0 0 0
1769 18 6.6 0 0 0 0
1770 19 6.9 0 0 0 0
1771 20 7.3 0 0 0 0
1772 21 7.7 0 0 0 0
1773 22 8.1 0 0 0 0
1774 23 8.6 0 0 0 0
1775 24 9.1 0 0 0 0
1776 6 3.3 0 0 0 0
1777 5 3.2 0 0 0 0
Year 6 6se 7 7se 8 8se
1697 0 0 0 0 0 0
1698 0 0 0 0 0 0
1699 0 0 0 0 0 0
1700 0 0 0 0 0 0
1701 0 0 0 0 0 0
1702 0 0 0 0 0 0
1703 0 0 0 0 0 0
1704 0 0 0 0 0 0
1705 0 0 0 0 0 0
1706 0 0 0 0 0 0
1707 0 0 0 0 0 0
1708 0 0 0 0 0 0
1709 0 0 0 0 0 0
1710 0 0 0 0 0 0
1711 0 0 0 0 0 0
1712 0 0 0 0 0 0
1713 0 0 0 0 0 0
1714 0 0 0 0 0 0
1715 0 0 0 0 0 0
1716 0 0 0 0 0 0
1717 0 0 0 0 0 0
1718 0 0 0 0 0 0
1719 0 0 0 0 0 0
1720 0 0 0 0 0 0
1721 0 0 0 0 0 0
1722 0 0 0 0 0 0
1723 0 0 0 0 0 0
1724 0 0 0 0 0 0
1725 0 0 0 0 0 0
1726 0 0 0 0 0 0
1727 0 0 0 0 0 0
1728 0 0 0 0 0 0
1729 0 0 0 0 0 0
1730 0 0 0 0 0 0
1731 0 0 0 0 0 0
1732 0 0 0 0 0 0
1733 0 0 0 0 0 0
1734 0 0 0 0 0 0
1735 0 0 0 0 0 0
1736 0 0 0 0 0 0
1737 0 0 0 0 0 0
1738 0 0 0 0 0 0
1739 0 0 0 0 0 0
1740 0 0 0 0 0 0
1741 0 0 0 0 0 0
1742 0 0 0 0 0 0
1743 0 0 0 0 0 0
1744 0 0 0 0 0 0
1745 0 0 0 0 0 0
1746 0 0 0 0 0 0
1747 0 0 0 0 0 0
1748 0 0 0 0 0 0
1749 0 0 0 0 0 0
1750 0 0 0 0 0 0
1751 0 0 0 0 0 0
1752 0 0 0 0 0 0
1753 0 0 0 0 0 0
1754 0 0 0 0 0 0
1755 0 0 0 0 0 0
1756 0 0 0 0 0 0
1757 0 0 0 0 0 0
1758 0 0 0 0 0 0
1759 0 0 0 0 0 0
1760 0 0 0 0 0 0
1761 0 0 0 0 0 0
1762 0 0 0 0 0 0
1763 0 0 0 0 0 0
1764 0 0 0 0 0 0
1765 0 0 0 0 0 0
1766 0 0 0 0 0 0
1767 0 0 0 0 0 0
1768 0 0 0 0 0 0
1769 0 0 0 0 0 0
1770 0 0 0 0 0 0
1771 0 0 0 0 0 0
1772 0 0 0 0 0 0
1773 0 0 0 0 0 0
1774 0 0 0 0 0 0
1775 0 0 0 0 0 0
1776 0 0 0 0 0 0
1777 0 0 0 0 0 0
Year Total Total.se 1.1 1.1se 1.2 1.2se
1778 5 3.2 0 0 0 0
1779 5 3.2 0 0 0 0
1780 5 3.2 0 0 0 0
1781 5 3.2 0 0 0 0
1782 5 3.2 0 0 0 0
1783 5 3.2 0 0 0 0
1784 7 3.4 0 0 0 0
1785 12 3.5 0 0 0 0
1786 13 4.8 0 0 0 0
1787 11 4.7 0 0 0 0
1788 13 4.9 0 0 0 0
1789 15 5.2 0 0 0 0
1790 13 4.9 0 0 0 0
1791 12 4.8 0 0 0 0
1792 20 3.7 0 0 0 0
1793 15 5.1 0 0 0 0
1794 14 4.9 0 0 0 0
1795 15 3.5 0 0 0 0
1796 14 3.4 0 0 0 0
1797 14 3.3 0 0 0 0
1798 11 4.7 0 0 0 0
1799 11 4.7 0 0 0 0
1800 12 4.8 0 0 0 0
1801 11 3.6 0 0 0 0
1802 10 3.8 0 0 0 0
1803 11 3.7 0 0 0 0
1804 20 4.6 0 0 0 0
1805 24 4.9 0 0 0 0
1806 44 6.9 0 0 0 0
1807 23 4.8 0 0 0 0
1808 21 4.7 0 0 0 0
1809 23 4.7 0 0 0 0
1810 29 5.6 0 0 0 0
1811 26 5.5 0 0 0 0
1812 26 4.3 0 0 0 0
1813 26 5.5 0 0 0 0
1814 29 5.6 0 0 0 0
1815 28 5.7 0 0 0 0
1816 34 5.9 0 0 0 0
1817 21 4.4 0 0 0 0
1818 27 5.6 0 0 0 0
1819 31 6.1 0 0 0 0
1820 43 7.4 0 0 0 0
1821 37 7.7 0 0 0 0
1822 36 7.1 0 0 0 0
1823 23 7 0 0 0 0
1824 26 6.4 0 0 0 0
1825 21 6.8 0 0 0 0
1826 34 6.2 0 0 0 0
1827 41 8.7 0 0 0 0
1828 35 7.1 0 0 0 0
1829 49 6 0 0 0 0
1830 56 8.1 0 0 0 0
1831 53 7.8 0 0 0 0
1832 62 5.8 0 0 0 0
1833 44 6.5 0 0 0 0
1834 54 12.1 0 0 0 0
1835 77 8.9 0 0 0 0
1836 60 9.8 0 0 0 0
1837 48 9.2 0 0 0 0
1838 79 6.9 0 0 0 0
1839 65 7.1 0 0 0 0
1840 90 8.8 0 0 0 0
1841 109 9.3 0 0 0 0
1842 69 6.8 0 0 0 0
1843 67 7.5 0 0 0 0
1844 97 8.6 0 0 0 0
1845 84 7.4 0 0 0 0
1846 72 6.6 0 0 0 0
1847 53 7.2 0 0 0 0
1848 80 6.5 0 0 0 0
1849 77 8.3 0 0 0 0
1850 183 18.1 0 0 0 0
1851 182 21.8 0 0 0 0
1852 207 23.7 0 0 0 0
1853 204 21.6 0 0 0 0
1854 206 25.2 0 0 0 0
1855 254 30.1 0 0 0 0
1856 286 33.4 0 0 0 0
1857 283 34.9 0 0 0 0
1858 278 33.1 0 0 0 0
Year 6 6se 7 7se 8 8se
1778 0 0 0 0 0 0
1779 0 0 0 0 0 0
1780 0 0 0 0 0 0
1781 0 0 0 0 0 0
1782 0 0 0 0 0 0
1783 0 0 0 0 0 0
1784 0 0 0 0 0 0
1785 0 0 0 0 0 0
1786 0 0 0 0 0 0
1787 0 0 0 0 0 0
1788 0 0 0 0 0 0
1789 0 0 0 0 0 0
1790 0 0 0 0 0 0
1791 0 0 0 0 0 0
1792 0 0 0 0 0 0
1793 0 0 0 0 0 0
1794 0 0 0 0 0 0
1795 0 0 0 0 0 0
1796 0 0 0 0 0 0
1797 0 0 0 0 0 0
1798 0 0 0 0 0 0
1799 0 0 0 0 0 0
1800 0 0 0 0 0 0
1801 0 0 0 0 0 0
1802 0 0 0 0 0 0
1803 0 0 0 0 0 0
1804 9 2.8 0 0 0 0
1805 9 2.7 4 1.7 0 0
1806 9 2.7 4 1.7 0 0
1807 9 2.6 4 1.7 0 0
1808 9 2.6 4 1.7 0 0
1809 9 2.5 4 1.7 0 0
1810 9 2.5 8 3.5 0 0
1811 9 2.5 8 3.5 0 0
1812 9 2.4 8 3.5 0 0
1813 9 2.4 8 3.5 0 0
1814 9 2.4 8 3.5 0 0
1815 9 2.3 8 3.5 0 0
1816 9 2.3 8 3.5 0 0
1817 9 2.2 8 3.5 0 0
1818 9 2.2 8 3.5 0 0
1819 13 3.3 8 3.5 0 0
1820 13 3.2 8 3.5 0 0
1821 13 3.2 8 3.5 0 0
1822 13 3.1 7 3.5 0 0
1823 0 0 8 3.5 0 0
1824 0 0 8 3.5 0 0
1825 0 0 8 3.5 0 0
1826 0 0 8 3.5 0 0
1827 13 2.9 8 3.5 0 0
1828 13 2.9 8 3.5 0 0
1829 13 2.9 8 3.5 0 0
1830 18 3.8 8 3.5 0 0
1831 18 3.8 4 1.7 0 0
1832 17 2 4 1.7 0 0
1833 18 3.7 4 1.7 0 0
1834 18 3.7 7 3.5 0 0
1835 18 3.6 8 3.5 0 0
1836 18 3.6 12 5.2 0 0
1837 18 3.6 8 3.5 0 0
1838 22 4.5 8 3.5 0 0
1839 22 4.5 8 3.5 0 0
1840 22 4.5 16 6.9 0 0
1841 22 4.5 8 3.5 0 0
1842 22 4.5 8 3.5 0 0
1843 22 4.5 8 3.5 0 0
1844 26 5.4 12 5.2 0 0
1845 26 5.4 8 3.5 0 0
1846 26 5.4 7 3.5 0 0
1847 26 5.4 8 3.5 0 0
1848 26 5.4 7 3.5 0 0
1849 31 6.4 8 3.5 0 0
1850 31 6.4 7 3.5 0 0
1851 31 6.5 8 3.5 0 0
1852 31 6.5 8 3.5 0 0
1853 31 6.6 7 3.5 0 0
1854 35 7.6 7 3.5 0 0
1855 35 7.7 7 3.5 0 0
1856 35 5.3 8 3.5 0 0
1857 35 5.3 7 3.5 0 0
1858 50 5.7 7 3.5 0 0
Year Total Total.se 1.1 1.1se 1.2 1.2se
1859 264 29.6 0 0 0 0
1860 209 23.9 0 0 0 0
1861 257 27.7 0 0 0 0
1862 245 28.6 0 0 0 0
1863 232 31.6 0 0 0 0
1864 207 25.3 0 0 0 0
1865 327 43.9 0 0 0 0
1866 323 43.7 0 0 0 0
1867 400 50.9 0 0 0 0
1868 314 41.2 0 0 0 0
1869 242 31.1 0 0 0 0
1870 200 28.4 0 0 0 0
1871 187 24.2 0 0 0 0
1872 189 27.8 0 0 0 0
1873 146 21.8 0 0 0 0
1874 194 25.4 4 0.1 0 0
1875 164 21.4 3 0.1 0 0
1876 205 28.2 0 0 0 0
1877 167 22.5 0 0 0 0
1878 200 24.3 5 0.1 0 0
1879 165 23.4 0 0 0 0
1880 176 25.1 0 0 0 0
1881 143 20.2 9 0 0 0
1882 137 19.4 4 0.1 0 0
1883 224 21.3 63 0.2 0 0
1884 239 20.3 54 0.2 0 0
1885 283 21.9 97 0 0 0
1886 242 17.8 102 0.1 0 0
1887 165 18 40 0.1 0 0
1888 147 16.2 83 0.2 0 0
1889 123 17.3 26 0.4 0 0
1890 110 17.2 24 0 0 0
1891 143 17.4 62 0.3 0 0
1892 159 17.2 75 0.7 0 0
1893 172 17.3 61 0.8 0 0
1894 236 17.5 115 0.6 0 0
1895 249 17.3 125 0.3 0 0
1896 334 17.3 202 0 0 0
1897 239 17.7 56 0 0 0
1898 276 17.3 55 0 0 0
1899 267 17.9 60 0.2 0 0
1900 320 19.2 68 0 0 0
1901 542 11.4 118 0 0 0
1902 792 15.1 155 0 0 0
1903 812 5 57 0 0 0
1904 779 1.5 39 0 0 0
1905 368 1.2 0 0 0 0
1906 219 1.3 0 0 0 0
1907 179 3.1 0 0 0 0
1908 98 1.5 0 0 0 0
1909 109 1 0 0 0 0
1910 153 1.1 0 0 0 0
1911 54 1.1 0 0 0 0
1912 39 1.2 0 0 0 0
1913 24 0.9 0 0 0 0
1914 22 0.9 0 0 0 0
1915 14 0.9 0 0 0 0
1916 15 1.1 0 0 0 0
1917 7 0.9 0 0 0 0
1918 14 1.2 1 0 0 0
1919 21 1.2 3 0 0 0
1920 11 0.3 0 0 0 0
1921 1 0 0 0 0 0
1922 141 0 0 0 0 0
1923 158 0.2 0 0 0 0
1924 66 0.1 0 0 0 0
1925 152 0 0 0 0 0
1926 108 0 0 0 2 0
1927 89 0 0 0 0 0
1928 35 0 0 0 2 0
1929 26 0 0 0 0 0
1930 72 0 0 0 1 0
1931 43 0 0 0 0 0
1932 15 0 0 0 1 0
1933 9 0 0 0 1 0
1934 20 2.4 0 0 0 0
1935 18 0 0 0 0 0
1936 15 0 0 0 0 0
1937 25 0 0 0 0 0
1938 3 0 0 0 0 0
1939 9 0 0 0 1 0
Year 6 6se 7 7se 8 8se
1859 44 6.6 8 3.5 0 0
1860 37 8 7 3.5 0 0
1861 33 3.8 4 1.7 0 0
1862 25 2.9 4 1.7 0 0
1863 14 1.6 7 3.5 0 0
1864 24 2.8 7 3.5 0 0
1865 14 1.6 4 1.7 0 0
1866 12 1.4 8 3.5 0 0
1867 25 2.9 7 3.5 0 0
1868 19 5 7 3.5 0 0
1869 22 3.3 4 1.7 0 0
1870 21 2.4 7 3.5 0 0
1871 16 1.8 7 3.5 0 0
1872 8 0.9 7 3.5 0 0
1873 11 1.3 4 1.7 0 0
1874 12 1.4 7 3.5 0 0
1875 17 1.2 4 1.7 0 0
1876 12 0.9 4 1.7 0 0
1877 9 0.7 4 1.7 0 0
1878 6 0.4 8 3.5 0 0
1879 8 0.6 8 3.5 0 0
1880 6 0.5 8 3.5 0 0
1881 6 0.4 4 1.7 0 0
1882 4 0.3 4 1.7 0 0
1883 2 0.2 4 1.7 3 0.6
1884 2 0.2 4 1.7 27 5.9
1885 4 0.3 8 3.5 38 7.2
1886 4 0.9 0 0 27 5.9
1887 4 0.3 0 0 38 7.4
1888 4 0.3 0 0 7 1.5
1889 0 0 0 0 20 6
1890 0 0 0 0 20 6
1891 0 0 0 0 20 6
1892 0 0 0 0 20 6
1893 0 0 0 0 20 6
1894 0 0 0 0 20 6
1895 0 0 0 0 20 6
1896 0 0 0 0 17 4.2
1897 0 0 0 0 0 0
1898 0 0 0 0 0 0
1899 0 0 0 0 0 0
1900 0 0 0 0 0 0
1901 0 0 0 0 0 0
1902 0 0 0 0 0 0
1903 0 0 0 0 0 0
1904 0 0 0 0 0 0
1905 0 0 0 0 0 0
1906 0 0 0 0 0 0
1907 0 0 0 0 0 0
1908 0 0 0 0 0 0
1909 0 0 0 0 0 0
1910 0 0 0 0 0 0
1911 0 0 0 0 0 0
1912 0 0 0 0 0 0
1913 0 0 0 0 0 0
1914 0 0 0 0 0 0
1915 0 0 0 0 0 0
1916 0 0 0 0 0 0
1917 0 0 0 0 0 0
1918 0 0 0 0 0 0
1919 0 0 0 0 0 0
1920 0 0 0 0 0 0
1921 0 0 0 0 0 0
1922 0 0 0 0 0 0
1923 0 0 0 0 0 0
1924 0 0 0 0 0 0
1925 0 0 0 0 0 0
1926 0 0 0 0 0 0
1927 0 0 0 0 0 0
1928 0 0 0 0 0 0
1929 0 0 0 0 0 0
1930 0 0 0 0 0 0
1931 0 0 0 0 0 0
1932 0 0 0 0 0 0
1933 0 0 0 0 0 0
1934 0 0 0 0 0 0
1935 0 0 0 0 0 0
1936 0 0 0 0 0 0
1937 0 0 0 0 0 0
1938 0 0 0 0 0 0
1939 0 0 0 0 0 0
Year Total Total.se 1.1 1.1se 1.2 1.2se
1940 8 0 0 0 0 0
1941 3 0 0 0 0 0
1942 3 0 0 0 1 0
1943 8 0 0 0 2 0
1944 10 0 0 0 0 0
1945 9 0 0 0 0 0
1946 11 0 0 0 1 0
1947 11 0 0 0 0 0
1948 16 0 0 0 0 0
1949 17 0 1 0 0 0
1950 28 0 7 0 1 0
1951 40 0 5 0 0 0
1952 3 0 2 0 0 0
1953 8 0 4 0 0 0
1954 7 0 6 0 0 0
1955 1 0 1 0 0 0
1956 3 0 0 0 0 0
1957 2 0 0 0 0 0
1958 4 0 0 0 0 0
1959 0 0 0 0 0 0
1960 1 0 0 0 0 0
1961 5 0 0 0 0 0
1962 2 0 0 0 0 0
1963 0 0 0 0 0 0
1964 1 0 0 0 0 0
1965 2 0 0 0 0 0
1966 4 0 0 0 0 0
1967 4 0 0 0 0 0
1968 5 0 0 0 0 0
1969 10 0 0 0 0 0
1970 15 0 0 0 0 0
1971 24 0 0 0 0 0
1972 3 0 0 0 0 0
1973 11 0 0 0 0 0
1974 12 0 0 0 0 0
1975 9 0 0 0 0 0
1976 12 0 0 0 0 0
1977 17 0 0 0 0 0
1978 24 0 0 0 0 0
1979 19 0 0 0 0 0
1980 18 0 0 0 0 0
1981 12 0 0 0 0 0
1982 16 0 0 0 0 0
1983 16 0 0 0 0 0
1984 15 0 0 0 0 0
1985 8 0 0 0 0 0
1986 2 0 0 0 0 0
1987 2 0 0 0 0 0
1988 2 0 0 0 0 0
1989 2 0 0 0 0 0
1990 1 0 0 0 0 0
1991 1 0 0 0 0 0
1992 3 0 0 0 0 0
1993 2 0 0 0 0 0
1994 1 0 0 0 0 0
1995 0 0 0 0 0 0
1996 1 0 0 0 0 0
1997 0 0 0 0 0 0
1998 2 0 0 0 0 0
1999 2 0 0 0 0 0
2000 2 0 0 0 0 0
2001 6 0 0 0 0 0
2002 2 0 0 0 0 0
2003 2 0 0 0 0 0
2004 1 0 0 0 0 0
2005 1 0 0 0 0 0
2006 2 0 0 0 0 0
2007 1 0 0 0 0 0
2008 2 0 0 0 0 0
2009 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 21461 214 1792 1 13 0
Year 6 6se 7 7se 8 8se
1940 0 0 0 0 0 0
1941 0 0 0 0 0 0
1942 0 0 0 0 0 0
1943 0 0 0 0 0 0
1944 0 0 0 0 0 0
1945 0 0 0 0 0 0
1946 0 0 0 0 0 0
1947 0 0 0 0 0 0
1948 0 0 0 0 0 0
1949 0 0 0 0 0 0
1950 0 0 0 0 0 0
1951 0 0 0 0 0 0
1952 0 0 0 0 0 0
1953 0 0 0 0 0 0
1954 0 0 0 0 0 0
1955 0 0 0 0 0 0
1956 0 0 0 0 0 0
1957 0 0 0 0 0 0
1958 0 0 0 0 0 0
1959 0 0 0 0 0 0
1960 0 0 0 0 0 0
1961 0 0 0 0 0 0
1962 0 0 0 0 0 0
1963 0 0 0 0 0 0
1964 0 0 0 0 0 0
1965 0 0 0 0 0 0
1966 0 0 0 0 0 0
1967 0 0 0 0 0 0
1968 0 0 0 0 0 0
1969 0 0 0 0 0 0
1970 0 0 0 0 0 0
1971 0 0 0 0 0 0
1972 0 0 0 0 0 0
1973 0 0 0 0 0 0
1974 0 0 0 0 0 0
1975 0 0 0 0 0 0
1976 0 0 0 0 0 0
1977 0 0 0 0 0 0
1978 0 0 0 0 0 0
1979 0 0 0 0 0 0
1980 0 0 0 0 0 0
1981 0 0 0 0 0 0
1982 0 0 0 0 0 0
1983 0 0 0 0 0 0
1984 0 0 0 0 0 0
1985 0 0 0 0 0 0
1986 0 0 0 0 0 0
1987 0 0 0 0 0 0
1988 0 0 0 0 0 0
1989 0 0 0 0 0 0
1990 0 0 0 0 0 0
1991 0 0 0 0 0 0
1992 0 0 0 0 0 0
1993 0 0 0 0 0 0
1994 0 0 0 0 0 0
1995 0 0 0 0 0 0
1996 0 0 0 0 0 0
1997 0 0 0 0 0 0
1998 0 0 0 0 0 0
1999 0 0 0 0 0 0
2000 0 0 0 0 0 0
2001 0 0 0 0 0 0
2002 0 0 0 0 0 0
2003 0 0 0 0 0 0
2004 0 0 0 0 0 0
2005 0 0 0 0 0 0
2006 0 0 0 0 0 0
2007 0 0 0 0 0 0
2008 0 0 0 0 0 0
2009 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 1401 34 565 29 297 21
Year 1.3 1.3se 1.4 1.4se 1.5 1.5se
1616 0 0 0 0 0 0
1617 0 0 0 0 0 0
1618 0 0 0 0 0 0
1619 0 0 0 0 0 0
1620 0 0 0 0 0 0
1621 0 0 0 0 0 0
1622 0 0 0 0 0 0
1623 0 0 0 0 0 0
1624 0 0 0 0 0 0
1625 0 0 0 0 0 0
1626 0 0 0 0 0 0
1627 0 0 0 0 0 0
1628 0 0 0 0 0 0
1629 0 0 0 0 0 0
1630 0 0 0 0 0 0
1631 0 0 0 0 0 0
1632 0 0 0 0 0 0
1633 0 0 0 0 0 0
1634 0 0 0 0 0 0
1635 0 0 0 0 0 0
1636 0 0 0 0 0 0
1637 0 0 0 0 0 0
1638 0 0 0 0 0 0
1639 0 0 0 0 0 0
1640 0 0 0 0 0 0
1641 0 0 0 0 0 0
1642 0 0 0 0 0 0
1643 0 0 0 0 0 0
1644 0 0 0 0 0 0
1645 0 0 0 0 0 0
1646 0 0 0 0 0 0
1647 0 0 0 0 0 0
1648 0 0 0 0 0 0
1649 0 0 0 0 0 0
1650 0 0 0 0 0 0
1651 0 0 0 0 0 0
1652 0 0 0 0 0 0
1653 0 0 0 0 0 0
1654 0 0 0 0 0 0
1655 0 0 0 0 0 0
1656 0 0 0 0 0 0
1657 0 0 0 0 0 0
1658 0 0 0 0 0 0
1659 0 0 0 0 0 0
1660 0 0 0 0 0 0
1661 0 0 0 0 0 0
1662 0 0 0 0 0 0
1663 0 0 0 0 0 0
1664 0 0 0 0 0 0
1665 0 0 0 0 0 0
1666 0 0 0 0 0 0
1667 0 0 0 0 0 0
1668 0 0 0 0 0 0
1669 0 0 0 0 0 0
1670 0 0 0 0 0 0
1671 0 0 0 0 0 0
1672 0 0 0 0 0 0
1673 0 0 0 0 0 0
1674 0 0 0 0 0 0
1675 0 0 0 0 0 0
1676 0 0 0 0 0 0
1677 0 0 0 0 0 0
1678 0 0 0 0 0 0
1679 0 0 0 0 0 0
1680 0 0 0 0 0 0
1681 0 0 0 0 0 0
1682 0 0 0 0 0 0
1683 0 0 0 0 0 0
1684 0 0 0 0 0 0
1685 0 0 0 0 0 0
1686 0 0 0 0 0 0
1687 0 0 0 0 0 0
1688 0 0 0 0 0 0
1689 0 0 0 0 0 0
1690 0 0 0 0 0 0
1691 0 0 0 0 0 0
1692 0 0 0 0 0 0
1693 0 0 0 0 0 0
1694 0 0 0 0 0 0
1695 0 0 0 0 0 0
1696 0 0 0 0 0 0
Year 9 9se 10.1 10.1se 10.2 10.2se
1616 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1617 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1618 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1619 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1620 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1621 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1622 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1623 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1624 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1625 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1626 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1627 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1628 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1629 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1630 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1631 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1632 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1633 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1634 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1635 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1636 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1637 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1638 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1639 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1640 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1641 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1642 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1643 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1644 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1645 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1646 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1647 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1648 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1649 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1650 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1651 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1652 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1653 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1654 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1655 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1656 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1657 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1658 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1659 2 1.4 0 0 0 0
1660 16 8.1 0 0 0 0
1661 16 8.1 0 0 0 0
1662 16 8.1 0 0 0 0
1663 16 8.1 0 0 0 0
1664 5 0 0 0 0 0
1665 24 0.6 0 0 0 0
1666 20 1.3 0 0 0 0
1667 24 2.2 0 0 0 0
1668 13 0.7 0 0 0 0
1669 8 0.6 0 0 0 0
1670 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1671 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1672 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1673 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1674 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1675 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1676 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1677 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1678 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1679 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1680 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1681 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1682 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1683 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1684 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1685 14 0 0 0 0 0
1686 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1687 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1688 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1689 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1690 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1691 0 0 0 0 0
1692 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1693 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1694 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1695 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1696 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
Year 1.3 1.3se 1.4 1.4se 1.5 1.5se
1697 0 0 0 0 0 0
1698 0 0 0 0 0 0
1699 0 0 0 0 0 0
1700 0 0 0 0 0 0
1701 0 0 0 0 0 0
1702 0 0 0 0 0 0
1703 0 0 0 0 0 0
1704 0 0 0 0 0 0
1705 0 0 0 0 0 0
1706 0 0 0 0 0 0
1707 0 0 0 0 0 0
1708 0 0 0 0 0 0
1709 0 0 0 0 0 0
1710 0 0 0 0 0 0
1711 0 0 0 0 0 0
1712 0 0 0 0 0 0
1713 0 0 0 0 0 0
1714 0 0 0 0 0 0
1715 0 0 0 0 0 0
1716 0 0 0 0 0 0
1717 0 0 0 0 0 0
1718 0 0 0 0 0 0
1719 0 0 0 0 0 0
1720 0 0 0 0 0 0
1721 0 0 0 0 0 0
1722 0 0 0 0 0 0
1723 0 0 0 0 0 0
1724 0 0 0 0 0 0
1725 0 0 0 0 0 0
1726 0 0 0 0 0 0
1727 0 0 0 0 0 0
1728 0 0 0 0 0 0
1729 0 0 0 0 0 0
1730 0 0 0 0 0 0
1731 0 0 0 0 0 0
1732 0 0 0 0 0 0
1733 0 0 0 0 0 0
1734 0 0 0 0 0 0
1735 0 0 0 0 0 0
1736 0 0 0 0 0 0
1737 0 0 0 0 0 0
1738 0 0 0 0 0 0
1739 0 0 0 0 0 0
1740 0 0 0 0 0 0
1741 0 0 0 0 0 0
1742 0 0 0 0 0 0
1743 0 0 0 0 0 0
1744 0 0 0 0 0 0
1745 0 0 0 0 0 0
1746 0 0 0 0 0 0
1747 0 0 0 0 0 0
1748 0 0 0 0 0 0
1749 0 0 0 0 0 0
1750 0 0 0 0 0 0
1751 0 0 0 0 0 0
1752 0 0 0 0 0 0
1753 0 0 0 0 0 0
1754 0 0 0 0 0 0
1755 0 0 0 0 0 0
1756 0 0 0 0 0 0
1757 0 0 0 0 0 0
1758 0 0 0 0 0 0
1759 0 0 0 0 0 0
1760 0 0 0 0 0 0
1761 0 0 0 0 0 0
1762 0 0 0 0 0 0
1763 0 0 0 0 0 0
1764 0 0 0 0 0 0
1765 0 0 0 0 0 0
1766 0 0 0 0 0 0
1767 0 0 0 0 0 0
1768 0 0 0 0 0 0
1769 0 0 0 0 0 0
1770 0 0 0 0 0 0
1771 0 0 0 0 0 0
1772 0 0 0 0 0 0
1773 0 0 0 0 0 0
1774 0 0 0 0 0 0
1775 0 0 0 0 0 0
1776 0 0 0 0 0 0
1777 0 0 0 0 0 0
Year 9 9se 10.1 10.1se 10.2 10.2se
1697 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1698 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1699 11 4.2 0 0 0 0
1700 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1701 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1702 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1703 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1704 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1705 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1706 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1707 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1708 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1709 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1710 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1711 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1712 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1713 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1714 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1715 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1716 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1717 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1718 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1719 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1720 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1721 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1722 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1723 9 0.7 0 0 0 0
1724 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1725 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1726 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1727 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1728 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1729 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1730 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1731 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1732 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1733 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1734 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1735 11 0 0 0 0 0
1736 8 0 0 0 0 0
1737 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1738 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1739 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1740 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1741 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1742 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1743 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1744 0 0 0 0 0 0
1745 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1746 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1747 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1748 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1749 7 4.4 0 0 0 0
1750 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1751 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1752 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1753 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1754 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1755 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1756 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1757 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1758 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1759 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1760 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1761 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1762 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1763 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1764 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1765 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1766 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1767 2 0 0 0 0 0
1768 1 0 0 0 0 0
1769 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1770 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1771 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1772 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1773 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1774 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1775 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1776 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1777 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
Year 1.3 1.3se 1.4 1.4se 1.5 1.5se
1778 0 0 0 0 0 0
1779 0 0 0 0 0 0
1780 0 0 0 0 0 0
1781 0 0 0 0 0 0
1782 0 0 0 0 0 0
1783 0 0 0 0 0 0
1784 0 0 0 0 0 0
1785 0 0 0 0 0 0
1786 0 0 0 0 0 0
1787 0 0 0 0 0 0
1788 0 0 0 0 0 0
1789 0 0 0 0 0 0
1790 0 0 0 0 0 0
1791 0 0 0 0 0 0
1792 0 0 0 0 0 0
1793 0 0 0 0 0 0
1794 0 0 0 0 0 0
1795 0 0 0 0 0 0
1796 0 0 0 0 0 0
1797 0 0 0 0 0 0
1798 0 0 0 0 0 0
1799 0 0 0 0 0 0
1800 0 0 0 0 0 0
1801 0 0 0 0 0 0
1802 0 0 0 0 0 0
1803 0 0 0 0 0 0
1804 0 0 0 0 0 0
1805 0 0 0 0 0 0
1806 0 0 0 0 0 0
1807 0 0 0 0 0 0
1808 0 0 0 0 0 0
1809 0 0 0 0 0 0
1810 0 0 0 0 0 0
1811 0 0 0 0 0 0
1812 0 0 0 0 0 0
1813 0 0 0 0 0 0
1814 0 0 0 0 0 0
1815 0 0 0 0 0 0
1816 0 0 0 0 0 0
1817 0 0 0 0 0 0
1818 0 0 0 0 0 0
1819 0 0 0 0 0 0
1820 0 0 0 0 0 0
1821 0 0 0 0 0 0
1822 0 0 0 0 0 0
1823 0 0 0 0 0 0
1824 0 0 0 0 0 0
1825 0 0 0 0 0 0
1826 0 0 0 0 0 0
1827 0 0 0 0 0 0
1828 0 0 0 0 0 0
1829 0 0 0 0 0 0
1830 0 0 0 0 0 0
1831 0 0 0 0 0 0
1832 0 0 0 0 0 0
1833 0 0 0 0 0 0
1834 0 0 0 0 0 0
1835 0 0 0 0 0 0
1836 0 0 0 0 0 0
1837 0 0 0 0 0 0
1838 0 0 0 0 0 0
1839 0 0 0 0 0 0
1840 0 0 0 0 0 0
1841 0 0 0 0 0 0
1842 0 0 0 0 0 0
1843 0 0 0 0 0 0
1844 0 0 0 0 0 0
1845 0 0 0 0 0 0
1846 0 0 0 0 0 0
1847 0 0 0 0 0 0
1848 0 0 0 0 0 0
1849 0 0 0 0 0 0
1850 0 0 0 0 0 0
1851 0 0 0 0 0 0
1852 0 0 0 0 0 0
1853 0 0 0 0 0 0
1854 0 0 0 0 0 0
1855 0 0 0 0 0 0
1856 0 0 0 0 0 0
1857 0 0 0 0 0 0
1858 0 0 0 0 0 0
Year 9 9se 10.1 10.1se 10.2 10.2se
1778 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1779 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1780 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1781 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1782 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1783 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1784 2 0.7 0 0 0 0
1785 5 0 0 0 0 0
1786 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1787 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1788 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1789 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1790 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1791 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1792 12 0 0 0 0 0
1793 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1794 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1795 8 0.6 0 0 0 0
1796 8 0.6 0 0 0 0
1797 8 0.6 0 0 0 0
1798 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1799 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1800 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1801 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1802 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1803 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1804 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1805 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1806 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1807 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1808 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1809 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1810 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1811 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1812 5 0 0 0 0 0
1813 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1814 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1815 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1816 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1817 1 0 0 0 0 0
1818 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1819 7 3.5 0 0 0 0
1820 7 4.9 0 0 0 0
1821 7 4.9 0 0 0 0
1822 7 4.9 0 0 0 0
1823 7 4.9 0 0 0 0
1824 7 4.9 0 0 0 0
1825 7 4.9 0 0 0 0
1826 7 4.9 0 0 0 0
1827 7 4.9 0 0 0 0
1828 7 4.9 0 0 0 0
1829 17 0 0 0 0 0
1830 7 4.9 0 0 0 0
1831 7 4.9 0 0 0 0
1832 6 0 0 0 0 0
1833 1 0 0 0 0 0
1834 1 0 0 0 0 0
1835 7 4.9 0 0 0 0
1836 7 4.9 0 0 0 0
1837 7 4.9 0 0 0 0
1838 2 0 0 0 0 0
1839 3 0 0 0 0 0
1840 13 0 0 0 0 0
1841 13 0 0 0 0 0
1842 4 0 0 0 0 0
1843 5 0 0 0 0 0
1844 17 0 0 0 0 0
1845 18 0 0 0 0 0
1846 6 0 0 0 0 0
1847 7 0 0 0 0 0
1848 7 0 0 0 0 0
1849 4 0 0 0 0 0
1850 8 0 0 0 0 0
1851 10 0 0 0 0 0
1852 1 0 0 0 0 0
1853 8 0 0 0 0 0
1854 1 0 0 0 0 0
1855 0 0 0 0 0 0
1856 0 0 0 0 0 0
1857 0 0 0 0 0 0
1858 0 0 0 0 0 0
Year 1.3 1.3se 1.4 1.4se 1.5 1.5se
1859 0 0 0 0 0 0
1860 0 0 0 0 0 0
1861 0 0 0 0 0 0
1862 0 0 0 0 0 0
1863 0 0 0 0 0 0
1864 0 0 0 0 0 0
1865 0 0 0 0 0 0
1866 0 0 0 0 0 0
1867 0 0 0 0 0 0
1868 0 0 0 0 0 0
1869 0 0 0 0 0 0
1870 0 0 0 0 0 0
1871 0 0 0 0 0 0
1872 0 0 0 0 0 0
1873 0 0 0 0 0 0
1874 0 0 0 0 0 0
1875 0 0 0 0 0 0
1876 0 0 0 0 0 0
1877 0 0 0 0 0 0
1878 0 0 0 0 0 0
1879 0 0 0 0 0 0
1880 0 0 0 0 0 0
1881 0 0 0 0 0 0
1882 0 0 0 0 0 0
1883 0 0 0 0 0 0
1884 0 0 0 0 0 0
1885 0 0 2 0.1 0 0
1886 0 0 2 0.1 0 0
1887 0 0 3 0.2 0 0
1888 0 0 5 0.3 0 0
1889 0 0 5 0.2 0 0
1890 0 0 4 0.2 0 0
1891 0 0 4 0.2 0 0
1892 0 0 10 0.3 0 0
1893 0 0 14 0.4 0 0
1894 0 0 19 0.6 17 3.1
1895 0 0 24 0.6 10 1.8
1896 0 0 28 1.4 25 4.5
1897 0 0 37 1.7 31 5.6
1898 0 0 121 0.6 47 6
1899 0 0 72 1.2 58 7.5
1900 0 0 69 0.8 78 10.1
1901 0 0 218 1.9 94 10.6
1902 0 0 333 2.9 121 14.3
1903 8 0 404 2.6 73 0.4
1904 15 0 340 0.9 67 0
1905 9 0 157 0.6 19 0.2
1906 8 0.5 110 0 13 0.3
1907 3 0.4 55 0 9 0.5
1908 2 0.3 40 0.1 3 0
1909 1 0.1 45 0.3 5 0.1
1910 5 0.3 54 0.6 14 0
1911 0 0 7 0.6 6 0
1912 0 0.3 4 0.7 4 0
1913 0 0 5 0 0 0
1914 0 0 0 0 1 0
1915 0 0 0 0 0 0
1916 0 0 0 0 0 0
1917 0 0 0 0 0 0
1918 0 0 0 0 0 0
1919 0 0 0 0 0 0
1920 1 0 0 0 3 0
1921 0 0 0 0 1 0
1922 0 0 0 0 1 0
1923 0 0 0 0 2 0
1924 0 0 0 0 1 0
1925 0 0 0 0 5 0
1926 2 0 0 0 3 0
1927 0 0 0 0 1 0
1928 0 0 0 0 3 0
1929 0 0 0 0 1 0
1930 0 0 0 0 3 0
1931 0 0 0 0 0 0
1932 0 0 0 0 0 0
1933 0 0 0 0 0 0
1934 0 0 0 0 0 0
1935 0 0 0 0 2 0
1936 0 0 0 0 0 0
1937 0 0 1 0 4 0
1938 0 0 0 0 2 0
1939 0 0 1 0 1 0
Year 9 9se 10.1 10.1se 10.2 10.2se
1859 0 0 0 0 0 0
1860 0 0 0 0 0 0
1861 0 0 0 0 0 0
1862 0 0 0 0 0 0
1863 0 0 0 0 0 0
1864 0 0 0 0 0 0
1865 0 0 0 0 0 0
1866 1 0 0 0 0 0
1867 0 0 0 0 0 0
1868 0 0 4 0.3 0 0
1869 0 0 3 0.2 0 0
1870 0 0 1 0.1 0 0
1871 1 0 24 1.6 0 0
1872 0 0 15 1 0 0
1873 0 0 14 1 0 0
1874 0 0 19 1.3 0 0
1875 0 0 18 1.2 0 0
1876 0 0 16 1.1 0 0
1877 0 0 18 1.2 0 0
1878 0 0 12 0.8 22 1.5
1879 0 0 0 0 14 0.9
1880 0 0 5 0.3 17 1.2
1881 0 0 2 0.1 15 1
1882 0 0 1 0.1 29 2
1883 0 0 1 0.2 41 2.8
1884 0 0 1 0.2 61 4.2
1885 0 0 1 0.2 30 2
1886 0 0 3 0.2 67 4.6
1887 0 0 1 0.1 43 2.9
1888 0 0 1 0.2 12 0.9
1889 0 0 7 0.4 32 2.2
1890 0 0 9 0.6 22 1.5
1891 0 0 3 0.2 21 1.5
1892 0 0 7 0.5 13 0.9
1893 0 0 13 0.9 25 1.7
1894 1 0 7 0.4 18 1.2
1895 0 0 7 0.5 21 1.4
1896 0 0 8 0.5 20 1.4
1897 0 0 11 0.7 66 4.5
1898 0 0 7 0.5 3 0.2
1899 0 0 9 0.6 23 1.6
1900 0 0 16 1.1 28 1.9
1901 0 0 12 0.9 53 3.6
1902 0 0 15 1 36 2.5
1903 0 0 11 0.7 39 2.6
1904 0 0 0 0 13 0.9
1905 0 0 2 0.1 8 0.5
1906 0 0 9 0.6 8 0.6
1907 0 0 3 0.2 12 0.9
1908 0 0 3 0.2 17 1.2
1909 0 0 1 0 7 0.5
1910 0 0 1 0.1 4 0.3
1911 0 0 0 0 6 0.4
1912 0 0 0 0 4 0.3
1913 0 0 0 0 4 0.3
1914 0 0 0 0 2 0.1
1915 0 0 0 0 6 0.4
1916 0 0 0 0 9 0.6
1917 0 0 0 0 4 0.3
1918 0 0 0 0 4 0.3
1919 0 0 0 0 12 0.8
1920 0 0 0 0 3 0.2
1921 0 0 0 0 0 0
1922 0 0 0 0 0 0
1923 0 0 0 0 0 0
1924 0 0 0 0 0 0
1925 0 0 0 0 0 0
1926 0 0 0 0 0 0
1927 0 0 0 0 0 0
1928 0 0 0 0 0 0
1929 0 0 0 0 0 0
1930 0 0 0 0 0 0
1931 0 0 0 0 0 0
1932 0 0 0 0 0 0
1933 0 0 0 0 0 0
1934 0 0 0 0 0 0
1935 0 0 0 0 0 0
1936 0 0 0 0 0 0
1937 0 0 0 0 0 0
1938 0 0 0 0 0 0
1939 0 0 0 0 0 0
Year 1.3 1.3se 1.4 1.4se 1.5 1.5se
1940 0 0 0 0 0 0
1941 0 0 0 0 0 0
1942 0 0 0 0 0 0
1943 0 0 0 0 0 0
1944 0 0 0 0 0 0
1945 0 0 0 0 0 0
1946 0 0 0 0 1 0
1947 0 0 0 0 0 0
1948 0 0 0 0 0 0
1949 0 0 2 0 1 0
1950 0 0 0 0 1 0
1951 0 0 1 0 0 0
1952 0 0 0 0 0 0
1953 0 0 2 0 1 0
1954 0 0 1 0 0 0
1955 0 0 0 0 0 0
1956 0 0 0 0 3 0
1957 0 0 0 0 1 0
1958 0 0 0 0 0 0
1959 0 0 0 0 0 0
1960 0 0 0 0 0 0
1961 0 0 0 0 0 0
1962 0 0 0 0 0 0
1963 0 0 0 0 0 0
1964 0 0 0 0 1 0
1965 0 0 0 0 0 0
1966 0 0 0 0 0 0
1967 0 0 0 0 0 0
1968 0 0 0 0 0 0
1969 0 0 0 0 0 0
1970 0 0 0 0 0 0
1971 0 0 0 0 0 0
1972 0 0 0 0 0 0
1973 0 0 0 0 0 0
1974 0 0 0 0 0 0
1975 0 0 0 0 0 0
1976 0 0 0 0 0 0
1977 0 0 0 0 0 0
1978 0 0 0 0 0 0
1979 0 0 0 0 0 0
1980 0 0 0 0 0 0
1981 0 0 0 0 0 0
1982 0 0 0 0 0 0
1983 0 0 0 0 0 0
1984 0 0 0 0 0 0
1985 0 0 0 0 0 0
1986 0 0 0 0 0 0
1987 0 0 0 0 0 0
1988 0 0 0 0 0 0
1989 0 0 0 0 0 0
1990 0 0 0 0 0 0
1991 0 0 0 0 0 0
1992 0 0 0 0 0 0
1993 0 0 0 0 0 0
1994 0 0 0 0 0 0
1995 0 0 0 0 0 0
1996 0 0 0 0 0 0
1997 0 0 0 0 0 0
1998 0 0 0 0 0 0
1999 0 0 0 0 0 0
2000 0 0 0 0 0 0
2001 0 0 0 0 0 0
2002 0 0 0 0 0 0
2003 0 0 0 0 0 0
2004 0 0 0 0 0 0
2005 0 0 0 0 0 0
2006 0 0 0 0 0 0
2007 0 0 0 0 0 0
2008 0 0 0 0 0 0
2009 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 54 1 2199 5 737 24
Year 9 9se 10.1 10.1se 10.2 10.2se
1940 1 0 0 0 0 0
1941 0 0 0 0 0 0
1942 1 0 0 0 0 0
1943 0 0 0 0 0 0
1944 0 0 0 0 0 0
1945 0 0 0 0 0 0
1946 0 0 0 0 0 0
1947 0 0 0 0 0 0
1948 0 0 0 0 0 0
1949 0 0 0 0 0 0
1950 0 0 0 0 0 0
1951 0 0 0 0 0 0
1952 0 0 0 0 0 0
1953 0 0 0 0 0 0
1954 0 0 0 0 0 0
1955 0 0 0 0 0 0
1956 0 0 0 0 0 0
1957 0 0 0 0 0 0
1958 0 0 0 0 0 0
1959 0 0 0 0 0 0
1960 0 0 0 0 0 0
1961 0 0 0 0 0 0
1962 0 0 0 0 0 0
1963 0 0 0 0 0 0
1964 0 0 0 0 0 0
1965 0 0 0 0 0 0
1966 0 0 0 0 0 0
1967 0 0 0 0 0 0
1968 0 0 0 0 0 0
1969 0 0 0 0 0 0
1970 0 0 0 0 0 0
1971 0 0 0 0 0 0
1972 0 0 0 0 0 0
1973 0 0 0 0 0 0
1974 0 0 0 0 2 0
1975 0 0 0 0 0 0
1976 0 0 0 0 2 0
1977 0 0 0 0 0 0
1978 0 0 0 0 1 0
1979 0 0 0 0 5 0
1980 0 0 0 0 3 0
1981 0 0 0 0 0 0
1982 0 0 0 0 4 0
1983 0 0 0 0 1 0
1984 0 0 0 0 0 0
1985 0 0 0 0 0 0
1986 0 0 0 0 2 0
1987 0 0 0 0 2 0
1988 0 0 0 0 1 0
1989 0 0 0 0 0 0
1990 0 0 0 0 0 0
1991 0 0 0 0 0 0
1992 0 0 0 0 2 0
1993 0 0 0 0 2 0
1994 0 0 0 0 0 0
1995 0 0 0 0 0 0
1996 0 0 0 0 1 0
1997 0 0 0 0 0 0
1998 0 0 0 0 2 0
1999 0 0 0 0 2 0
2000 0 0 0 0 2 0
2001 0 0 0 0 2 0
2002 0 0 0 0 2 0
2003 0 0 0 0 1 0
2004 0 0 0 0 0 0
2005 0 0 0 0 1 0
2006 0 0 0 0 1 0
2007 0 0 0 0 1 0
2008 0 0 0 0 2 0
2009 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 1493 49 321 4 938 12
Year 1.6 1.6se 1.7 1.7se 1.9 1.9se
1616 0 0 0 0 0 0
1617 0 0 0 0 0 0
1618 0 0 0 0 0 0
1619 0 0 0 0 0 0
1620 0 0 0 0 0 0
1621 0 0 0 0 0 0
1622 0 0 0 0 0 0
1623 0 0 0 0 0 0
1624 0 0 0 0 0 0
1625 0 0 0 0 0 0
1626 0 0 0 0 0 0
1627 0 0 0 0 0 0
1628 0 0 0 0 0 0
1629 0 0 0 0 0 0
1630 0 0 0 0 0 0
1631 0 0 0 0 0 0
1632 0 0 0 0 0 0
1633 0 0 0 0 0 0
1634 0 0 0 0 0 0
1635 0 0 0 0 0 0
1636 0 0 0 0 0 0
1637 0 0 0 0 0 0
1638 0 0 0 0 0 0
1639 0 0 0 0 0 0
1640 0 0 0 0 0 0
1641 0 0 0 0 0 0
1642 0 0 0 0 0 0
1643 0 0 0 0 0 0
1644 0 0 0 0 0 0
1645 0 0 0 0 0 0
1646 0 0 0 0 0 0
1647 0 0 0 0 0 0
1648 0 0 0 0 0 0
1649 0 0 0 0 0 0
1650 0 0 0 0 0 0
1651 0 0 0 0 0 0
1652 0 0 0 0 0 0
1653 0 0 0 0 0 0
1654 0 0 0 0 0 0
1655 0 0 0 0 0 0
1656 0 0 0 0 0 0
1657 0 0 0 0 0 0
1658 0 0 0 0 0 0
1659 0 0 0 0 0 0
1660 0 0 0 0 0 0
1661 0 0 0 0 0 0
1662 0 0 0 0 0 0
1663 0 0 0 0 0 0
1664 0 0 0 0 0 0
1665 0 0 0 0 0 0
1666 0 0 0 0 0 0
1667 0 0 0 0 0 0
1668 0 0 0 0 0 0
1669 0 0 0 0 0 0
1670 0 0 0 0 0 0
1671 0 0 0 0 0 0
1672 0 0 0 0 0 0
1673 0 0 0 0 0 0
1674 0 0 0 0 0 0
1675 0 0 0 0 0 0
1676 0 0 0 0 0 0
1677 0 0 0 0 0 0
1678 0 0 0 0 0 0
1679 0 0 0 0 0 0
1680 0 0 0 0 0 0
1681 0 0 0 0 0 0
1682 0 0 0 0 0 0
1683 0 0 0 0 0 0
1684 0 0 0 0 0 0
1685 0 0 0 0 0 0
1686 0 0 0 0 0 0
1687 0 0 0 0 0 0
1688 0 0 0 0 0 0
1689 0 0 0 0 0 0
1690 0 0 0 0 0 0
1691 0 0 0 0 0 0
1692 0 0 0 0 0 0
1693 0 0 0 0 0 0
1694 0 0 0 0 0 0
1695 0 0 0 0 0 0
1696 0 0 0 0 0 0
Year 10.3 10.3se 10.4 10.4se 10.6 10.6se
1616 0 0 0 0 0 0
1617 0 0 0 0 0 0
1618 0 0 0 0 0 0
1619 0 0 0 0 0 0
1620 0 0 0 0 0 0
1621 0 0 0 0 0 0
1622 0 0 0 0 0 0
1623 0 0 0 0 0 0
1624 0 0 0 0 0 0
1625 0 0 0 0 0 0
1626 0 0 0 0 0 0
1627 0 0 0 0 0 0
1628 0 0 0 0 0 0
1629 0 0 0 0 0 0
1630 0 0 0 0 0 0
1631 0 0 0 0 0 0
1632 0 0 0 0 0 0
1633 0 0 0 0 0 0
1634 0 0 0 0 0 0
1635 0 0 0 0 0 0
1636 0 0 0 0 0 0
1637 0 0 0 0 0 0
1638 0 0 0 0 0 0
1639 0 0 0 0 0 0
1640 0 0 0 0 0 0
1641 0 0 0 0 0 0
1642 0 0 0 0 0 0
1643 0 0 0 0 0 0
1644 0 0 0 0 0 0
1645 0 0 0 0 0 0
1646 0 0 0 0 0 0
1647 0 0 0 0 0 0
1648 0 0 0 0 0 0
1649 0 0 0 0 0 0
1650 0 0 0 0 0 0
1651 0 0 0 0 0 0
1652 0 0 0 0 0 0
1653 0 0 0 0 0 0
1654 0 0 0 0 0 0
1655 0 0 0 0 0 0
1656 0 0 0 0 0 0
1657 0 0 0 0 0 0
1658 0 0 0 0 0 0
1659 0 0 0 0 0 0
1660 0 0 0 0 0 0
1661 0 0 0 0 0 0
1662 0 0 0 0 0 0
1663 0 0 0 0 0 0
1664 0 0 0 0 0 0
1665 0 0 0 0 0 0
1666 0 0 0 0 0 0
1667 0 0 0 0 0 0
1668 0 0 0 0 0 0
1669 0 0 0 0 0 0
1670 0 0 0 0 0 0
1671 0 0 0 0 0 0
1672 0 0 0 0 0 0
1673 0 0 0 0 0 0
1674 0 0 0 0 0 0
1675 0 0 0 0 0 0
1676 0 0 0 0 0 0
1677 0 0 0 0 0 0
1678 0 0 0 0 0 0
1679 0 0 0 0 0 0
1680 0 0 0 0 0 0
1681 0 0 0 0 0 0
1682 0 0 0 0 0 0
1683 0 0 0 0 0 0
1684 0 0 0 0 0 0
1685 0 0 0 0 0 0
1686 0 0 0 0 0 0
1687 0 0 0 0 0 0
1688 0 0 0 0 0 0
1689 0 0 0 0 0 0
1690 0 0 0 0 0 0
1691 0 0 0 0 0 0
1692 0 0 0 0 0 0
1693 0 0 0 0 0 0
1694 0 0 0 0 0 0
1695 0 0 0 0 0 0
1696 0 0 0 0 0 0
Year 1.6 1.6se 1.7 1.7se 1.9 1.9se
1697 0 0 0 0 0 0
1698 0 0 0 0 0 0
1699 0 0 0 0 0 0
1700 0 0 0 0 0 0
1701 0 0 0 0 0 0
1702 0 0 0 0 0 0
1703 0 0 0 0 0 0
1704 0 0 0 0 0 0
1705 0 0 0 0 0 0
1706 0 0 0 0 0 0
1707 0 0 0 0 0 0
1708 0 0 0 0 0 0
1709 0 0 0 0 0 0
1710 0 0 0 0 0 0
1711 0 0 0 0 0 0
1712 0 0 0 0 0 0
1713 0 0 0 0 0 0
1714 0 0 0 0 0 0
1715 0 0 0 0 0 0
1716 0 0 0 0 0 0
1717 0 0 0 0 0 0
1718 0 0 0 0 0 0
1719 0 0 0 0 0 0
1720 0 0 0 0 0 0
1721 0 0 0 0 0 0
1722 0 0 0 0 0 0
1723 0 0 0 0 0 0
1724 0 0 0 0 0 0
1725 0 0 0 0 0 0
1726 0 0 0 0 0 0
1727 0 0 0 0 0 0
1728 0 0 0 0 0 0
1729 0 0 0 0 0 0
1730 0 0 0 0 0 0
1731 0 0 0 0 0 0
1732 0 0 0 0 0 0
1733 0 0 0 0 0 0
1734 0 0 0 0 0 0
1735 0 0 0 0 0 0
1736 0 0 0 0 0 0
1737 0 0 0 0 0 0
1738 0 0 0 0 0 0
1739 0 0 0 0 0 0
1740 0 0 0 0 0 0
1741 0 0 0 0 0 0
1742 0 0 0 0 0 0
1743 0 0 0 0 0 0
1744 0 0 0 0 0 0
1745 0 0 0 0 0 0
1746 0 0 0 0 0 0
1747 0 0 0 0 0 0
1748 0 0 0 0 0 0
1749 0 0 0 0 0 0
1750 0 0 0 0 0 0
1751 0 0 0 0 0 0
1752 0 0 0 0 0 0
1753 0 0 0 0 0 0
1754 0 0 0 0 0 0
1755 0 0 0 0 0 0
1756 0 0 0 0 0 0
1757 0 0 0 0 0 0
1758 0 0 0 0 0 0
1759 0 0 0 0 0 0
1760 0 0 0 0 0 0
1761 0 0 0 0 0 0
1762 0 0 0 0 0 0
1763 0 0 0 0 0 0
1764 0 0 0 0 0 0
1765 0 0 0 0 0 0
1766 0 0 0 0 0 0
1767 0 0 0 0 0 0
1768 0 0 0 0 0 0
1769 0 0 0 0 0 0
1770 0 0 0 0 0 0
1771 0 0 0 0 0 0
1772 0 0 0 0 0 0
1773 0 0 0 0 0 0
1774 0 0 0 0 0 0
1775 0 0 0 0 0 0
1776 0 0 0 0 0 0
1777 0 0 0 0 0 0
Year 10.3 10.3se 10.4 10.4se 10.6 10.6se
1697 0 0 0 0 0 0
1698 0 0 0 0 0 0
1699 0 0 0 0 0 0
1700 0 0 0 0 0 0
1701 0 0 0 0 0 0
1702 0 0 0 0 0 0
1703 0 0 0 0 0 0
1704 0 0 0 0 0 0
1705 0 0 0 0 0 0
1706 0 0 0 0 0 0
1707 0 0 0 0 0 0
1708 0 0 0 0 0 0
1709 0 0 0 0 0 0
1710 0 0 0 0 0 0
1711 0 0 0 0 0 0
1712 0 0 0 0 0 0
1713 0 0 0 0 0 0
1714 0 0 0 0 0 0
1715 0 0 0 0 0 0
1716 0 0 0 0 0 0
1717 0 0 0 0 0 0
1718 0 0 0 0 0 0
1719 0 0 0 0 0 0
1720 0 0 0 0 0 0
1721 0 0 0 0 0 0
1722 0 0 0 0 0 0
1723 0 0 0 0 0 0
1724 0 0 0 0 0 0
1725 0 0 0 0 0 0
1726 0 0 0 0 0 0
1727 0 0 0 0 0 0
1728 0 0 0 0 0 0
1729 0 0 0 0 0 0
1730 0 0 0 0 0 0
1731 0 0 0 0 0 0
1732 0 0 0 0 0 0
1733 0 0 0 0 0 0
1734 0 0 0 0 0 0
1735 0 0 0 0 0 0
1736 0 0 0 0 0 0
1737 0 0 0 0 0 0
1738 0 0 0 0 0 0
1739 0 0 0 0 0 0
1740 0 0 0 0 0 0
1741 0 0 0 0 0 0
1742 0 0 0 0 0 0
1743 0 0 0 0 0 0
1744 0 0 0 0 0 0
1745 0 0 0 0 0 0
1746 0 0 0 0 0 0
1747 0 0 0 0 0 0
1748 0 0 0 0 0 0
1749 0 0 0 0 0 0
1750 0 0 0 0 0 0
1751 0 0 0 0 0 0
1752 0 0 0 0 0 0
1753 0 0 0 0 0 0
1754 0 0 0 0 0 0
1755 0 0 0 0 0 0
1756 0 0 0 0 0 0
1757 0 0 0 0 0 0
1758 0 0 0 0 0 0
1759 0 0 0 0 0 0
1760 0 0 0 0 0 0
1761 0 0 0 0 0 0
1762 0 0 0 0 0 0
1763 0 0 0 0 0 0
1764 0 0 0 0 0 0
1765 0 0 0 0 0 0
1766 0 0 0 0 0 0
1767 0 0 0 0 0 0
1768 0 0 0 0 0 0
1769 0 0 0 0 0 0
1770 0 0 0 0 0 0
1771 0 0 0 0 0 0
1772 0 0 0 0 0 0
1773 0 0 0 0 0 0
1774 0 0 0 0 0 0
1775 0 0 0 0 0 0
1776 0 0 0 0 0 0
1777 0 0 0 0 0 0
Year 1.6 1.6se 1.7 1.7se 1.9 1.9se
1778 0 0 0 0 0 0
1779 0 0 0 0 0 0
1780 0 0 0 0 0 0
1781 0 0 0 0 0 0
1782 0 0 0 0 0 0
1783 0 0 0 0 0 0
1784 0 0 0 0 0 0
1785 0 0 0 0 0 0
1786 0 0 0 0 0 0
1787 0 0 0 0 0 0
1788 0 0 0 0 0 0
1789 0 0 0 0 0 0
1790 0 0 0 0 0 0
1791 0 0 0 0 0 0
1792 0 0 0 0 0 0
1793 0 0 0 0 0 0
1794 0 0 0 0 0 0
1795 0 0 0 0 0 0
1796 0 0 0 0 0 0
1797 0 0 0 0 0 0
1798 0 0 0 0 0 0
1799 0 0 0 0 0 0
1800 0 0 0 0 0 0
1801 0 0 0 0 0 0
1802 0 0 0 0 0 0
1803 0 0 0 0 0 0
1804 0 0 0 0 0 0
1805 0 0 0 0 0 0
1806 0 0 0 0 0 0
1807 0 0 0 0 0 0
1808 0 0 0 0 0 0
1809 0 0 0 0 0 0
1810 0 0 0 0 0 0
1811 0 0 0 0 0 0
1812 0 0 0 0 0 0
1813 0 0 0 0 0 0
1814 0 0 0 0 0 0
1815 0 0 0 0 0 0
1816 0 0 0 0 0 0
1817 0 0 0 0 0 0
1818 0 0 0 0 0 0
1819 0 0 0 0 0 0
1820 0 0 0 0 0 0
1821 0 0 0 0 0 0
1822 0 0 0 0 0 0
1823 0 0 0 0 0 0
1824 0 0 0 0 0 0
1825 0 0 0 0 0 0
1826 0 0 0 0 0 0
1827 0 0 0 0 0 0
1828 0 0 0 0 0 0
1829 0 0 0 0 0 0
1830 0 0 0 0 0 0
1831 0 0 0 0 0 0
1832 0 0 0 0 0 0
1833 0 0 0 0 0 0
1834 0 0 0 0 0 0
1835 0 0 0 0 0 0
1836 0 0 0 0 0 0
1837 0 0 0 0 0 0
1838 0 0 0 0 0 0
1839 0 0 0 0 0 0
1840 0 0 0 0 0 0
1841 0 0 0 0 0 0
1842 0 0 0 0 0 0
1843 0 0 0 0 0 0
1844 0 0 0 0 0 0
1845 0 0 0 0 0 0
1846 0 0 0 0 0 0
1847 0 0 0 0 0 0
1848 0 0 0 0 0 0
1849 0 0 0 0 0 0
1850 0 0 0 0 0 0
1851 0 0 0 0 0 0
1852 0 0 0 0 0 0
1853 0 0 0 0 0 0
1854 0 0 0 0 0 0
1855 0 0 0 0 0 0
1856 0 0 0 0 0 0
1857 0 0 0 0 0 0
1858 0 0 0 0 0 0
Year 10.3 10.3se 10.4 10.4se 10.6 10.6se
1778 0 0 0 0 0 0
1779 0 0 0 0 0 0
1780 0 0 0 0 0 0
1781 0 0 0 0 0 0
1782 0 0 0 0 0 0
1783 0 0 0 0 0 0
1784 0 0 0 0 0 0
1785 0 0 0 0 0 0
1786 0 0 0 0 0 0
1787 0 0 0 0 0 0
1788 0 0 0 0 0 0
1789 0 0 0 0 0 0
1790 0 0 0 0 0 0
1791 0 0 0 0 0 0
1792 0 0 0 0 0 0
1793 0 0 0 0 0 0
1794 0 0 0 0 0 0
1795 0 0 0 0 0 0
1796 0 0 0 0 0 0
1797 0 0 0 0 0 0
1798 0 0 0 0 0 0
1799 0 0 0 0 0 0
1800 0 0 0 0 0 0
1801 0 0 0 0 0 0
1802 0 0 0 0 0 0
1803 0 0 0 0 0 0
1804 0 0 0 0 0 0
1805 0 0 0 0 0 0
1806 0 0 0 0 0 0
1807 0 0 0 0 0 0
1808 0 0 0 0 0 0
1809 0 0 0 0 0 0
1810 0 0 0 0 0 0
1811 0 0 0 0 0 0
1812 0 0 0 0 0 0
1813 0 0 0 0 0 0
1814 0 0 0 0 0 0
1815 0 0 0 0 0 0
1816 0 0 0 0 0 0
1817 0 0 0 0 0 0
1818 0 0 0 0 0 0
1819 0 0 0 0 0 0
1820 0 0 0 0 0 0
1821 0 0 0 0 0 0
1822 0 0 0 0 0 0
1823 0 0 0 0 0 0
1824 0 0 0 0 0 0
1825 0 0 0 0 0 0
1826 0 0 11 0 0 0
1827 0 0 5 4.1 0 0
1828 0 0 1 0 0 0
1829 0 0 2 0 0 0
1830 0 0 14 0 0 0
1831 0 0 13 0 0 0
1832 0 0 22 0 0 0
1833 0 0 9 1.4 0 0
1834 0 0 20 10.5 0 0
1835 0 0 30 0 0 0
1836 0 0 7 0.7 0 0
1837 0 0 0 0.1 0 0
1838 0 0 34 0 0 0
1839 0 0 22 0 0 0
1840 0 0 29 0 0 0
1841 0 0 28 0 0 0
1842 0 0 27 2.7 0 0
1843 0 0 25 3.4 0 0
1844 0 0 20 0 0 0
1845 0 0 24 0 0 0
1846 0 0 22 0 7 0
1847 0 0 5 0 1 0
1848 0 0 35 0 2 0
1849 0 0 25 0 3 2.2
1850 0 0 18 0 3 2.2
1851 0 0 18 0 2 0
1852 0 0 15 0 3 2.2
1853 0 0 17 1.7 3 2.2
1854 0 0 17 3.8 3 2.2
1855 0 0 18 0 3 2.2
1856 0 0 20 0 3 2.2
1857 0 0 18 0 3 2.2
1858 0 0 17 3.8 3 2.2
Year 1.6 1.6se 1.7 1.7se 1.9 1.9se
1859 0 0 0 0 0 0
1860 0 0 0 0 0 0
1861 0 0 0 0 0 0
1862 0 0 0 0 0 0
1863 0 0 0 0 0 0
1864 0 0 0 0 0 0
1865 0 0 0 0 0 0
1866 0 0 0 0 0 0
1867 0 0 0 0 0 0
1868 0 0 0 0 0 0
1869 0 0 0 0 0 0
1870 0 0 0 0 0 0
1871 0 0 0 0 0 0
1872 0 0 0 0 0 0
1873 0 0 0 0 0 0
1874 0 0 0 0 0 0
1875 0 0 0 0 0 0
1876 0 0 0 0 0 0
1877 0 0 0 0 0 0
1878 0 0 0 0 0 0
1879 0 0 0 0 0 0
1880 0 0 0 0 0 0
1881 0 0 0 0 0 0
1882 0 0 0 0 0 0
1883 0 0 0 0 0 0
1884 0 0 0 0 0 0
1885 0 0 0 0 0 0
1886 0 0 0 0 0 0
1887 0 0 0 0 0 0
1888 0 0 0 0 0 0
1889 0 0 0 0 0 0
1890 0 0 0 0 0 0
1891 0 0 0 0 0 0
1892 0 0 0 0 0 0
1893 0 0 0 0 0 0
1894 0 0 0 0 0 0
1895 0 0 0 0 0 0
1896 0 0 0 0 0 0
1897 0 0 0 0 0 0
1898 0 0 10 1.4 0 0
1899 0 0 9 0 0 0
1900 0 0 21 1.8 0 0
1901 0 0 38 1 0 0
1902 0 0 122 2.5 0 0
1903 5 0 205 3.1 0 0
1904 13 0 281 0 0 0
1905 6 0.1 161 0 0 0
1906 5 0 60 0.1 0 0
1907 5 0 87 2.8 0 0
1908 3 0 24 0 0 0
1909 12 0 33 0 0 0
1910 15 0 56 0 0 0
1911 4 0 27 0.1 0 0
1912 0 0 22 0 0 0
1913 3 0 8 0 0 0
1914 2 0 13 0 0 0
1915 0 0 5 0 0 0
1916 0 0 4 0.5 0 0
1917 0 0 0 0 0 0
1918 0 0 7 0.7 0 0
1919 0 0 3 0.3 0 0
1920 1 0 0 0 0 0
1921 0 0 0 0 0 0
1922 0 0 0 0 0 0
1923 0 0 3 0 0 0
1924 1 0 16 0 0 0
1925 0 0 35 0 0 0
1926 0 0 18 0 0 0
1927 0 0 79 0 0 0
1928 0 0 21 0 0 0
1929 2 0 11 0 0 0
1930 0 0 7 0 0 0
1931 0 0 0 0 0 0
1932 0 0 0 0 0 0
1933 0 0 0 0 0 0
1934 0 0 15 2.4 0 0
1935 0 0 10 0 0 0
1936 0 0 10 0 0 0
1937 0 0 9 0 0 0
1938 0 0 0 0 0 0
1939 0 0 4 0 0 0
Year 10.3 10.3se 10.4 10.4se 10.6 10.6se
1859 11 0.8 13 0 3 2.2
1860 14 0.9 17 1.7 3 2.2
1861 23 1.5 16 0 3 2.2
1862 17 1.2 9 0 3 2.2
1863 6 0.4 7 0 3 2.2
1864 15 1 6 0 3 2.2
1865 11 0.7 5 0 3 2.2
1866 10 0.7 7 1.3 3 2.2
1867 16 1.1 7 1.3 3 2.2
1868 19 1.3 0 0 3 2.2
1869 9 0.6 0 0 3 2.2
1870 15 1 0 0 3 2.2
1871 14 0.9 0 0 3 2.2
1872 3 0.2 0 0 3 2.2
1873 5 0.4 0 0 3 2.2
1874 11 0.7 0 0 3 2.2
1875 4 0.3 0 0 3 2.2
1876 5 0.3 0 0 3 2.2
1877 9 0.6 0 0 3 2.2
1878 10 0.7 0 0 3 2.2
1879 3 0.2 0 0 3 2.2
1880 1 0.1 0 0 3 2.2
1881 2 0.2 0 0 3 2.2
1882 3 0.2 0 0 3 2.2
1883 0 0 0 0 3 2.2
1884 0 0 0 0 3 2.2
1885 2 0.1 0 0 3 2.2
1886 0 0 0 0 0 0
1887 0 0 0 0 0 0
1888 0 0 0 0 0 0
1889 0 0 0 0 0 0
1890 0 0 0 0 0 0
1891 0 0 0 0 0 0
1892 2 0.1 0 0 0 0
1893 1 0 0 0 0 0
1894 0 0 0 0 0 0
1895 3 0.2 0 0 0 0
1896 1 0.1 0 0 0 0
1897 0 0 0 0 0 0
1898 0 0 0 0 0 0
1899 0 0 0 0 0 0
1900 2 0.2 0 0 0 0
1901 0 0 0 0 0 0
1902 1 0.8 0 0 0 0
1903 1 0.8 0 0 0 0
1904 1 0.8 0 0 0 0
1905 1 0.8 0 0 0 0
1906 1 0.8 0 0 0 0
1907 1 0.8 0 0 0 0
1908 1 0.8 0 0 0 0
1909 1 0.8 0 0 0 0
1910 1 0.8 0 0 0 0
1911 1 0.8 0 0 0 0
1912 1 0.8 0 0 0 0
1913 1 0.8 0 0 0 0
1914 1 0.8 0 0 0 0
1915 1 0.8 0 0 0 0
1916 1 0.8 0 0 0 0
1917 1 0.8 0 0 0 0
1918 1 0.8 0 0 0 0
1919 1 0.8 0 0 0 0
1920 2 0.1 0 0 0 0
1921 0 0 0 0 0 0
1922 0 0 0 0 0 0
1923 3 0.2 0 0 0 0
1924 1 0.1 0 0 0 0
1925 0 0 0 0 0 0
1926 0 0 0 0 0 0
1927 0 0 0 0 0 0
1928 0 0 0 0 0 0
1929 0 0 0 0 0 0
1930 0 0 0 0 0 0
1931 0 0 0 0 0 0
1932 0 0 0 0 0 0
1933 0 0 0 0 0 0
1934 0 0 0 0 0 0
1935 0 0 0 0 0 0
1936 0 0 0 0 0 0
1937 0 0 0 0 0 0
1938 0 0 0 0 0 0
1939 0 0 0 0 0 0
Year 1.6 1.6se 1.7 1.7se 1.9 1.9se
1940 0 0 7 0 0 0
1941 0 0 3 0 0 0
1942 0 0 1 0 0 0
1943 0 0 6 0 0 0
1944 0 0 10 0 0 0
1945 0 0 9 0 0 0
1946 0 0 5 0 0 0
1947 0 0 6 0 0 0
1948 0 0 15 0 0 0
1949 0 0 11 0 0 0
1950 0 0 16 0 0 0
1951 0 0 29 0 0 0
1952 0 0 1 0 0 0
1953 0 0 0 0 0 0
1954 0 0 0 0 0 0
1955 0 0 0 0 0 0
1956 0 0 0 0 0 0
1957 0 0 0 0 0 0
1958 0 0 4 0 0 0
1959 0 0 0 0 0 0
1960 0 0 0 0 0 0
1961 0 0 0 0 0 0
1962 0 0 0 0 0 0
1963 0 0 0 0 0 0
1964 0 0 0 0 0 0
1965 0 0 1 0 0 0
1966 0 0 0 0 0 0
1967 0 0 0 0 0 0
1968 0 0 0 0 0 0
1969 0 0 5 0 2 0
1970 0 0 14 0 1 0
1971 0 0 16 0 4 0
1972 0 0 0 0 0 0
1973 0 0 0 0 0 0
1974 0 0 0 0 0 0
1975 0 0 0 0 0 0
1976 0 0 0 0 0 0
1977 0 0 0 0 0 0
1978 0 0 0 0 0 0
1979 0 0 0 0 0 0
1980 0 0 0 0 0 0
1981 0 0 0 0 0 0
1982 0 0 0 0 0 0
1983 0 0 0 0 0 0
1984 0 0 0 0 0 0
1985 0 0 0 0 0 0
1986 0 0 0 0 0 0
1987 0 0 0 0 0 0
1988 0 0 0 0 0 0
1989 0 0 0 0 0 0
1990 0 0 0 0 0 0
1991 0 0 0 0 0 0
1992 0 0 0 0 0 0
1993 0 0 0 0 0 0
1994 0 0 0 0 0 0
1995 0 0 0 0 0 0
1996 0 0 0 0 0 0
1997 0 0 0 0 0 0
1998 0 0 0 0 0 0
1999 0 0 0 0 0 0
2000 0 0 0 0 0 0
2001 0 0 0 0 0 0
2002 0 0 0 0 0 0
2003 0 0 0 0 0 0
2004 0 0 0 0 0 0
2005 0 0 0 0 0 0
2006 0 0 0 0 0 0
2007 0 0 0 0 0 0
2008 0 0 0 0 0 0
2009 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 77 0 1593 6 7 0
Year 10.3 10.3se 10.4 10.4se 10.6 10.6se
1940 0 0 0 0 0 0
1941 0 0 0 0 0 0
1942 0 0 0 0 0 0
1943 0 0 0 0 0 0
1944 0 0 0 0 0 0
1945 0 0 0 0 0 0
1946 0 0 0 0 0 0
1947 0 0 0 0 0 0
1948 0 0 0 0 0 0
1949 0 0 0 0 0 0
1950 0 0 0 0 0 0
1951 0 0 0 0 0 0
1952 0 0 0 0 0 0
1953 0 0 0 0 0 0
1954 0 0 0 0 0 0
1955 0 0 0 0 0 0
1956 0 0 0 0 0 0
1957 0 0 0 0 0 0
1958 0 0 0 0 0 0
1959 0 0 0 0 0 0
1960 0 0 0 0 0 0
1961 0 0 0 0 0 0
1962 0 0 0 0 0 0
1963 0 0 0 0 0 0
1964 0 0 0 0 0 0
1965 0 0 0 0 0 0
1966 0 0 0 0 0 0
1967 0 0 0 0 0 0
1968 0 0 0 0 0 0
1969 0 0 0 0 0 0
1970 0 0 0 0 0 0
1971 0 0 0 0 0 0
1972 0 0 0 0 0 0
1973 0 0 0 0 0 0
1974 0 0 0 0 0 0
1975 0 0 0 0 0 0
1976 0 0 0 0 0 0
1977 0 0 0 0 0 0
1978 0 0 0 0 0 0
1979 0 0 0 0 0 0
1980 0 0 0 0 0 0
1981 0 0 0 0 0 0
1982 0 0 0 0 0 0
1983 0 0 0 0 0 0
1984 0 0 0 0 0 0
1985 0 0 0 0 0 0
1986 0 0 0 0 0 0
1987 0 0 0 0 0 0
1988 0 0 0 0 0 0
1989 0 0 0 0 0 0
1990 0 0 0 0 0 0
1991 0 0 0 0 0 0
1992 0 0 0 0 0 0
1993 0 0 0 0 0 0
1994 0 0 0 0 0 0
1995 0 0 0 0 0 0
1996 0 0 0 0 0 0
1997 0 0 0 0 0 0
1998 0 0 0 0 0 0
1999 0 0 0 0 0 0
2000 0 0 0 0 0 0
2001 0 0 0 0 0 0
2002 0 0 0 0 0 0
2003 0 0 0 0 0 0
2004 0 0 0 0 0 0
2005 0 0 0 0 0 0
2006 0 0 0 0 0 0
2007 0 0 0 0 0 0
2008 0 0 0 0 0 0
2009 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 271 5 675 14 120 13
Year 1.1 1.10se 1.11 1.11se 2 2se
1616 0 0 0 0 0 0
1617 0 0 0 0 0 0
1618 0 0 0 0 0 0
1619 0 0 0 0 0 0
1620 0 0 0 0 0 0
1621 0 0 0 0 0 0
1622 0 0 0 0 0 0
1623 0 0 0 0 0 0
1624 0 0 0 0 0 0
1625 0 0 0 0 0 0
1626 0 0 0 0 0 0
1627 0 0 0 0 0 0
1628 0 0 0 0 0 0
1629 0 0 0 0 0 0
1630 0 0 0 0 0 0
1631 0 0 0 0 0 0
1632 0 0 0 0 0 0
1633 0 0 0 0 0 0
1634 0 0 0 0 0 0
1635 0 0 0 0 0 0
1636 0 0 0 0 0 0
1637 0 0 0 0 0 0
1638 0 0 0 0 0 0
1639 0 0 0 0 0 0
1640 0 0 0 0 0 0
1641 0 0 0 0 0 0
1642 0 0 0 0 0 0
1643 0 0 0 0 0 0
1644 0 0 0 0 0 0
1645 0 0 0 0 0 0
1646 0 0 0 0 0 0
1647 0 0 0 0 0 0
1648 0 0 0 0 0 0
1649 0 0 0 0 0 0
1650 0 0 0 0 0 0
1651 0 0 0 0 0 0
1652 0 0 0 0 0 0
1653 0 0 0 0 0 0
1654 0 0 0 0 0 0
1655 0 0 0 0 0 0
1656 0 0 0 0 0 0
1657 0 0 0 0 0 0
1658 0 0 0 0 0 0
1659 0 0 0 0 0 0
1660 0 0 0 0 0 0
1661 0 0 0 0 0 0
1662 0 0 0 0 0 0
1663 0 0 0 0 0 0
1664 0 0 0 0 0 0
1665 0 0 0 0 0 0
1666 0 0 0 0 0 0
1667 0 0 0 0 0 0
1668 0 0 0 0 0 0
1669 0 0 0 0 0 0
1670 0 0 0 0 0 0
1671 0 0 0 0 0 0
1672 0 0 0 0 0 0
1673 0 0 0 0 0 0
1674 0 0 0 0 0 0
1675 0 0 0 0 0 0
1676 0 0 0 0 0 0
1677 0 0 0 0 0 0
1678 0 0 0 0 0 0
1679 0 0 0 0 0 0
1680 0 0 0 0 0 0
1681 0 0 0 0 0 0
1682 0 0 0 0 0 0
1683 0 0 0 0 0 0
1684 0 0 0 0 0 0
1685 0 0 0 0 0 0
1686 0 0 0 0 0 0
1687 0 0 0 0 0 0
1688 0 0 0 0 0 0
1689 0 0 0 0 0 0
1690 0 0 0 0 0 0
1691 0 0 0 0 0 0
1692 0 0 0 0 0 0
1693 0 0 0 0 0 0
1694 0 0 0 0 0 0
1695 0 0 0 0 0 0
1696 0 0 0 0 0 0
Year 11.1 11.1se 11.2 11.2se 11.3 11.3se
1616 0 0 0 0 0 0
1617 0 0 0 0 0 0
1618 0 0 0 0 0 0
1619 0 0 0 0 0 0
1620 0 0 0 0 0 0
1621 0 0 0 0 0 0
1622 0 0 0 0 0 0
1623 0 0 0 0 0 0
1624 0 0 0 0 0 0
1625 0 0 0 0 0 0
1626 0 0 0 0 0 0
1627 0 0 0 0 0 0
1628 0 0 0 0 0 0
1629 0 0 0 0 0 0
1630 0 0 0 0 0 0
1631 0 0 0 0 0 0
1632 0 0 0 0 0 0
1633 0 0 0 0 0 0
1634 0 0 0 0 0 0
1635 0 0 0 0 0 0
1636 0 0 0 0 0 0
1637 0 0 0 0 0 0
1638 0 0 0 0 0 0
1639 0 0 0 0 0 0
1640 0 0 0 0 0 0
1641 0 0 0 0 0 0
1642 0 0 0 0 0 0
1643 0 0 0 0 0 0
1644 0 0 0 0 0 0
1645 0 0 0 0 0 0
1646 0 0 0 0 0 0
1647 0 0 0 0 0 0
1648 0 0 0 0 0 0
1649 0 0 0 0 0 0
1650 0 0 0 0 0 0
1651 0 0 0 0 0 0
1652 0 0 0 0 0 0
1653 0 0 0 0 0 0
1654 0 0 0 0 0 0
1655 0 0 0 0 0 0
1656 0 0 0 0 0 0
1657 0 0 0 0 0 0
1658 0 0 0 0 0 0
1659 0 0 0 0 0 0
1660 0 0 0 0 0 0
1661 0 0 0 0 0 0
1662 0 0 0 0 0 0
1663 0 0 0 0 0 0
1664 0 0 0 0 0 0
1665 0 0 0 0 0 0
1666 0 0 0 0 0 0
1667 0 0 0 0 0 0
1668 0 0 0 0 0 0
1669 0 0 0 0 0 0
1670 0 0 0 0 0 0
1671 0 0 0 0 0 0
1672 0 0 0 0 0 0
1673 0 0 0 0 0 0
1674 0 0 0 0 0 0
1675 0 0 0 0 0 0
1676 0 0 0 0 0 0
1677 0 0 0 0 0 0
1678 0 0 0 0 0 0
1679 0 0 0 0 0 0
1680 0 0 0 0 0 0
1681 0 0 0 0 0 0
1682 0 0 0 0 0 0
1683 0 0 0 0 0 0
1684 0 0 0 0 0 0
1685 0 0 0 0 0 0
1686 0 0 0 0 0 0
1687 0 0 0 0 0 0
1688 0 0 0 0 0 0
1689 0 0 0 0 0 0
1690 0 0 0 0 0 0
1691 0 0 0 0 0 0
1692 0 0 0 0 0 0
1693 0 0 0 0 0 0
1694 0 0 0 0 0 0
1695 0 0 0 0 0 0
1696 0 0 0 0 0 0
Year 1.1 1.10se 1.11 1.11se 2 2se
1697 0 0 0 0 0 0
1698 0 0 0 0 0 0
1699 0 0 0 0 0 0
1700 0 0 0 0 0 0
1701 0 0 0 0 0 0
1702 0 0 0 0 0 0
1703 0 0 0 0 0 0
1704 0 0 0 0 0 0
1705 0 0 0 0 0 0
1706 0 0 0 0 0 0
1707 0 0 0 0 0 0
1708 0 0 0 0 0 0
1709 0 0 0 0 0 0
1710 0 0 0 0 0 0
1711 0 0 0 0 0 0
1712 0 0 0 0 0 0
1713 0 0 0 0 0 0
1714 0 0 0 0 0 0
1715 0 0 0 0 0 0
1716 0 0 0 0 0 0
1717 0 0 0 0 0 0
1718 0 0 0 0 0 0
1719 0 0 0 0 0 0
1720 0 0 0 0 0 0
1721 0 0 0 0 0 0
1722 0 0 0 0 0 0
1723 0 0 0 0 0 0
1724 0 0 0 0 0 0
1725 0 0 0 0 0 0
1726 0 0 0 0 0 0
1727 0 0 0 0 0 0
1728 0 0 0 0 0 0
1729 0 0 0 0 0 0
1730 0 0 0 0 0 0
1731 0 0 0 0 0 0
1732 0 0 0 0 0 0
1733 0 0 0 0 0 0
1734 0 0 0 0 0 0
1735 0 0 0 0 0 0
1736 0 0 0 0 0 0
1737 0 0 0 0 0 0
1738 0 0 0 0 0 0
1739 0 0 0 0 0 0
1740 0 0 0 0 0 0
1741 0 0 0 0 0 0
1742 0 0 0 0 0 0
1743 0 0 0 0 0 0
1744 0 0 0 0 0 0
1745 0 0 0 0 0 0
1746 0 0 0 0 0 0
1747 0 0 0 0 0 0
1748 0 0 0 0 0 0
1749 0 0 0 0 0 0
1750 0 0 0 0 0 0
1751 0 0 0 0 0 0
1752 0 0 0 0 0 0
1753 0 0 0 0 0 0
1754 0 0 0 0 0 0
1755 0 0 0 0 0 0
1756 0 0 0 0 0 0
1757 0 0 0 0 0 0
1758 0 0 0 0 0 0
1759 0 0 0 0 0 0
1760 0 0 0 0 0 0
1761 0 0 0 0 0 0
1762 0 0 0 0 0 0
1763 0 0 0 0 0 0
1764 0 0 0 0 0 0
1765 0 0 0 0 0 0
1766 0 0 0 0 0 0
1767 0 0 0 0 0 0
1768 0 0 0 0 0 0
1769 0 0 0 0 0 0
1770 0 0 0 0 0 0
1771 0 0 0 0 0 0
1772 0 0 0 0 0 0
1773 0 0 0 0 0 0
1774 0 0 0 0 0 0
1775 0 0 0 0 0 0
1776 0 0 0 0 0 0
1777 0 0 0 0 0 0
Year 11.1 11.1se 11.2 11.2se 11.3 11.3se
1697 0 0 0 0 0 0
1698 0 0 0 0 0 0
1699 0 0 0 0 0 0
1700 0 0 0 0 0 0
1701 0 0 0 0 0 0
1702 0 0 0 0 0 0
1703 0 0 0 0 0 0
1704 0 0 0 0 0 0
1705 0 0 0 0 0 0
1706 0 0 0 0 0 0
1707 0 0 0 0 0 0
1708 0 0 0 0 0 0
1709 0 0 0 0 0 0
1710 0 0 0 0 0 0
1711 0 0 0 0 0 0
1712 0 0 0 0 0 0
1713 0 0 0 0 0 0
1714 0 0 0 0 0 0
1715 0 0 0 0 0 0
1716 0 0 0 0 0 0
1717 0 0 0 0 0 0
1718 0 0 0 0 0 0
1719 0 0 0 0 0 0
1720 0 0 0 0 0 0
1721 0 0 0 0 0 0
1722 0 0 0 0 0 0
1723 0 0 0 0 0 0
1724 0 0 0 0 0 0
1725 0 0 0 0 0 0
1726 0 0 0 0 0 0
1727 0 0 0 0 0 0
1728 0 0 0 0 0 0
1729 0 0 0 0 0 0
1730 0 0 0 0 0 0
1731 0 0 0 0 0 0
1732 0 0 0 0 0 0
1733 0 0 0 0 0 0
1734 0 0 0 0 0 0
1735 0 0 0 0 0 0
1736 0 0 0 0 0 0
1737 0 0 0 0 0 0
1738 0 0 0 0 0 0
1739 0 0 0 0 0 0
1740 0 0 0 0 0 0
1741 0 0 0 0 0 0
1742 0 0 0 0 0 0
1743 0 0 0 0 0 0
1744 0 0 0 0 0 0
1745 0 0 0 0 0 0
1746 0 0 0 0 0 0
1747 0 0 0 0 0 0
1748 0 0 0 0 0 0
1749 0 0 0 0 0 0
1750 0 0 0 0 0 0
1751 0 0 0 0 56 19.3
1752 0 0 0 0 60 20.6
1753 0 0 0 0 64 22
1754 0 0 0 0 68 23.4
1755 0 0 0 0 73 25
1756 0 0 0 0 77 26.6
1757 0 0 0 0 82 28.4
1758 0 0 0 0 88 30.3
1759 0 0 0 0 94 32.3
1760 0 0 0 0 7 3.2
1761 0 0 0 0 8 3.4
1762 0 0 0 0 8 3.6
1763 0 0 0 0 9 3.8
1764 0 0 0 0 9 4.1
1765 0 0 0 0 10 4.4
1766 0 0 0 0 11 4.7
1767 0 0 0 0 11 5
1768 0 0 0 0 12 5.3
1769 0 0 0 0 13 5.7
1770 0 0 0 0 14 6.1
1771 0 0 0 0 15 6.5
1772 0 0 0 0 16 6.9
1773 0 0 0 0 17 7.4
1774 0 0 0 0 18 7.9
1775 0 0 0 0 19 8.5
1776 0 0 0 0 1 0.4
1777 0 0 0 0 0 0.1
Year 1.1 1.10se 1.11 1.11se 2 2se
1778 0 0 0 0 0 0
1779 0 0 0 0 0 0
1780 0 0 0 0 0 0
1781 0 0 0 0 0 0
1782 0 0 0 0 0 0
1783 0 0 0 0 0 0
1784 0 0 0 0 0 0
1785 0 0 0 0 0 0
1786 0 0 0 0 0 0
1787 0 0 0 0 0 0
1788 0 0 0 0 0 0
1789 0 0 0 0 0 0
1790 0 0 0 0 0 0
1791 0 0 0 0 0 0
1792 0 0 0 0 0 0
1793 0 0 0 0 0 0
1794 0 0 0 0 0 0
1795 0 0 0 0 0 0
1796 0 0 0 0 0 0
1797 0 0 0 0 0 0
1798 0 0 0 0 0 0
1799 0 0 0 0 0 0
1800 0 0 0 0 0 0
1801 0 0 0 0 0 0
1802 0 0 0 0 0 0
1803 0 0 0 0 0 0
1804 0 0 0 0 0 0
1805 0 0 0 0 0 0
1806 0 0 0 0 0 0
1807 0 0 0 0 0 0
1808 0 0 0 0 0 0
1809 0 0 0 0 0 0
1810 0 0 0 0 0 0
1811 0 0 0 0 0 0
1812 0 0 0 0 0 0
1813 0 0 0 0 0 0
1814 0 0 0 0 0 0
1815 0 0 0 0 0 0
1816 0 0 0 0 0 0
1817 0 0 0 0 0 0
1818 0 0 0 0 0 0
1819 0 0 0 0 0 0
1820 0 0 0 0 0 0
1821 0 0 0 0 0 0
1822 0 0 0 0 0 0
1823 0 0 0 0 0 0
1824 0 0 0 0 0 0
1825 0 0 0 0 0 0
1826 0 0 0 0 0 0
1827 0 0 0 0 0 0
1828 0 0 0 0 0 0
1829 0 0 0 0 0 0
1830 0 0 0 0 0 0
1831 0 0 0 0 0 0
1832 0 0 0 0 0 0
1833 0 0 0 0 0 0
1834 0 0 0 0 0 0
1835 0 0 0 0 0 0
1836 0 0 0 0 0 0
1837 0 0 0 0 0 0
1838 0 0 0 0 0 0
1839 0 0 0 0 0 0
1840 0 0 0 0 0 0
1841 0 0 0 0 0 0
1842 0 0 0 0 0 0
1843 0 0 0 0 0 0
1844 0 0 0 0 0 0
1845 0 0 0 0 0 0
1846 0 0 0 0 0 0
1847 0 0 0 0 0 0
1848 0 0 0 0 0 0
1849 0 0 0 0 0 0
1850 0 0 0 0 0 0
1851 0 0 0 0 0 0
1852 0 0 0 0 0 0
1853 0 0 0 0 0 0
1854 0 0 0 0 0 0
1855 0 0 0 0 0 0
1856 0 0 0 0 0 0
1857 0 0 0 0 0 0
1858 0 0 0 0 0 0
Year 11.1 11.1se 11.2 11.2se 11.3 11.3se
1778 0 0 0 0 0 0
1779 0 0 0 0 0 0
1780 0 0 0 0 0 0.1
1781 0 0 0 0 0 0.1
1782 0 0 0 0 0 0.1
1783 0 0 0 0 1 0.2
1784 0 0 0 0 2 1
1785 0 0 0 0 3 1.5
1786 0 0 0 0 2 1
1787 0 0 0 0 1 0.4
1788 0 0 0 0 3 1.3
1789 0 0 0 0 5 2.1
1790 0 0 0 0 3 1.3
1791 0 0 0 0 1 0.6
1792 0 0 0 0 5 2
1793 0 0 0 0 4 1.9
1794 0 0 0 0 3 1.5
1795 0 0 0 0 3 1.2
1796 0 0 0 0 3 1.1
1797 0 0 0 0 2 0.8
1798 0 0 0 0 1 0.4
1799 0 0 0 0 1 0.3
1800 0 0 0 0 2 0.8
1801 0 0 0 0 2 0.9
1802 0 0 0 0 3 1.4
1803 0 0 0 0 3 1.2
1804 0 0 0 0 3 1.2
1805 0 0 0 0 3 1.1
1806 0 0 0 0 2 0.8
1807 0 0 0 0 1 0.6
1808 0 0 0 0 2 0.7
1809 0 0 0 0 2 0.8
1810 0 0 0 0 1 0.3
1811 0 0 0 0 1 0.5
1812 0 0 0 0 1 0.5
1813 0 0 0 0 1 0.3
1814 0 0 0 0 0 0
1815 0 0 0 0 4 1.6
1816 0 0 0 0 5 2
1817 0 0 0 0 4 1.6
1818 0 0 0 0 4 1.6
1819 0 0 0 0 3 1.4
1820 0 0 0 0 5 2.1
1821 0 0 0 0 5 2.1
1822 0 0 0 0 5 2.3
1823 0 0 0 0 4 1.9
1824 0 0 0 0 3 1.2
1825 0 0 0 0 3 1.1
1826 0 0 0 0 3 1.4
1827 0 0 0 0 5 2
1828 0 0 0 0 6 2.5
1829 0 0 0 0 6 2.5
1830 0 0 0 0 6 2.5
1831 0 0 0 0 8 3.3
1832 0 0 0 0 10 4.1
1833 0 0 0 0 9 3.9
1834 0 0 0 0 8 3.5
1835 0 0 0 0 10 4.4
1836 0 0 0 0 13 5.7
1837 0 0 0 0 12 5.1
1838 0 0 0 0 9 3.9
1839 0 0 0 0 7 2.8
1840 0 0 0 0 7 3.2
1841 0 0 0 0 7 3
1842 0 0 0 0 6 2.6
1843 0 0 0 0 4 1.5
1844 0 0 0 0 4 1.6
1845 0 0 0 0 4 1.9
1846 0 0 0 0 4 1.7
1847 0 0 0 0 2 0.9
1848 0 0 0 0 2 0.9
1849 0 0 0 0 3 1.3
1850 60 11.7 48 11.2 5 2
1851 50 13.8 54 14.7 6 2.6
1852 73 15.3 66 15.8 7 3
1853 69 13.9 60 13.9 6 2.5
1854 59 11.9 51 12 5 2.1
1855 85 17 68 16.3 6 2.4
1856 103 20.7 78 19.4 7 2.8
1857 107 22.2 76 20.1 5 2.2
1858 99 20.6 70 18.5 5 2.1
Year 1.1 1.10se 1.11 1.11se 2 2se
1859 0 0 0 0 0 0
1860 0 0 0 0 0 0
1861 0 0 0 0 0 0
1862 0 0 0 0 0 0
1863 0 0 0 0 0 0
1864 0 0 0 0 0 0
1865 0 0 0 0 0 0
1866 0 0 0 0 0 0
1867 0 0 0 0 0 0
1868 0 0 0 0 0 0
1869 0 0 0 0 0 0
1870 0 0 0 0 0 0
1871 0 0 0 0 0 0
1872 0 0 0 0 0 0
1873 0 0 0 0 0 0
1874 0 0 0 0 0 0
1875 0 0 0 0 0 0
1876 0 0 0 0 0 0
1877 0 0 0 0 0 0
1878 0 0 0 0 0 0
1879 0 0 0 0 0 0
1880 0 0 0 0 0 0
1881 0 0 0 0 0 0
1882 0 0 0 0 0 0
1883 0 0 0 0 0 0
1884 0 0 0 0 0 0
1885 0 0 0 0 0 0
1886 0 0 0 0 0 0
1887 0 0 0 0 0 0
1888 0 0 0 0 0 0
1889 0 0 0 0 0 0
1890 0 0 0 0 0 0
1891 0 0 0 0 0 0
1892 0 0 0 0 0 0
1893 0 0 0 0 0 0
1894 0 0 0 0 0 0
1895 0 0 0 0 0 0
1896 0 0 0 0 0 0
1897 0 0 0 0 0 0
1898 0 0 0 0 0 0
1899 0 0 0 0 0 0
1900 0 0 0 0 0 0
1901 0 0 0 0 0 0
1902 0 0 0 0 0 0
1903 0 0 0 0 0 0
1904 0 0 0 0 0 0
1905 0 0 0 0 0 0
1906 0 0 0 0 0 0
1907 0 0 0 0 0 0
1908 0 0 0 0 0 0
1909 0 0 0 0 0 0
1910 0 0 0 0 0 0
1911 0 0 0 0 0 0
1912 0 0 0 0 0 0
1913 0 0 0 0 0 0
1914 0 0 0 0 0 0
1915 0 0 0 0 0 0
1916 0 0 0 0 0 0
1917 0 0 0 0 0 0
1918 0 0 0 0 0 0
1919 0 0 0 0 0 0
1920 0 0 0 0 0 0
1921 0 0 0 0 0 0
1922 0 0 0 0 140 0
1923 0 0 0 0 150 0
1924 0 0 0 0 37 0
1925 103 0 0 0 1 0
1926 71 0 0 0 0 0
1927 0 0 0 0 0 0
1928 0 0 0 0 0 0
1929 0 0 0 0 3 0
1930 0 0 0 0 55 0
1931 0 0 0 0 39 0
1932 0 0 0 0 10 0
1933 0 0 0 0 7 0
1934 0 0 0 0 3 0
1935 0 0 0 0 0 0
1936 0 0 0 0 0 0
1937 0 0 0 0 7 0
1938 0 0 0 0 0 0
1939 0 0 0 0 0 0
Year 11.1 11.1se 11.2 11.2se 11.3 11.3se
1859 85 17.1 62 15.7 5 2.1
1860 54 10.7 45 10.5 5 2.1
1861 79 15.7 62 15 6 2.4
1862 84 16.6 68 16.2 6 2.5
1863 94 19.8 64 17.7 5 1.9
1864 66 13.6 52 12.9 6 2.4
1865 144 29.6 107 27.5 7 3.2
1866 145 30 100 26.9 8 3.4
1867 176 35.4 125 32 9 4
1868 134 27.8 93 24.9 6 2.7
1869 94 19.1 69 17.6 5 2.2
1870 87 18.1 30 13.9 3 1.4
1871 65 13.7 23 10.3 3 1.2
1872 85 17.6 30 13.5 3 1.4
1873 56 11.1 19 8.5 2 0.9
1874 77 15.2 27 11.6 4 1.6
1875 57 10.7 21 7.7 4 1.9
1876 94 18.2 34 13.9 5 2.2
1877 64 12 24 9 5 2
1878 73 13.9 27 10.6 5 2.1
1879 67 12.8 25 9.7 5 1.9
1880 76 14.9 27 11.4 4 1.8
1881 49 9 18 6.8 4 1.5
1882 42 8.1 15 6.2 2 1
1883 53 10.4 19 7.8 3 1.1
1884 37 7.2 14 5.5 2 1
1885 47 9.3 16 7.1 3 1.1
1886 0 0 0 0 2 0.9
1887 0 0 0 0 2 0.9
1888 0 0 0 0 1 0.4
1889 0 0 0 0 1 0.5
1890 0 0 0 0 1 0.5
1891 0 0 0 0 1 0.6
1892 0 0 0 0 1 0.5
1893 0 0 0 0 1 0.6
1894 0 0 0 0 1 0.5
1895 0 0 0 0 1 0.4
1896 0 0 0 0 1 0.4
1897 0 0 0 0 1 0.6
1898 0 0 0 0 1 0.5
1899 0 0 0 0 1 0.4
1900 0 0 0 0 0 0
1901 0 0 0 0 0 0
1902 0 0 0 0 0 0
1903 0 0 0 0 0 0
1904 0 0 0 0 0 0
1905 0 0 0 0 0 0
1906 0 0 0 0 0 0
1907 0 0 0 0 0 0
1908 0 0 0 0 0 0
1909 0 0 0 0 0 0
1910 0 0 0 0 0 0
1911 0 0 0 0 0 0
1912 0 0 0 0 0 0
1913 0 0 0 0 0 0
1914 0 0 0 0 0 0
1915 0 0 0 0 0 0
1916 0 0 0 0 0 0
1917 0 0 0 0 0 0
1918 0 0 0 0 0 0
1919 0 0 0 0 0 0
1920 0 0 0 0 0 0
1921 0 0 0 0 0 0
1922 0 0 0 0 0 0
1923 0 0 0 0 0 0
1924 0 0 0 0 0 0
1925 0 0 0 0 0 0
1926 0 0 0 0 0 0
1927 0 0 0 0 0 0
1928 0 0 0 0 0 0
1929 0 0 0 0 0 0
1930 0 0 0 0 0 0
1931 0 0 0 0 0 0
1932 0 0 0 0 0 0
1933 0 0 0 0 0 0
1934 0 0 0 0 0 0
1935 0 0 0 0 0 0
1936 0 0 0 0 0 0
1937 0 0 0 0 0 0
1938 0 0 0 0 0 0
1939 0 0 0 0 0 0
Year 1.1 1.10se 1.11 1.11se 2 2se
1940 0 0 0 0 0 0
1941 0 0 0 0 0 0
1942 0 0 0 0 0 0
1943 0 0 0 0 0 0
1944 0 0 0 0 0 0
1945 0 0 0 0 0 0
1946 0 0 0 0 0 0
1947 0 0 0 0 0 0
1948 0 0 0 0 0 0
1949 0 0 0 0 0 0
1950 0 0 0 0 0 0
1951 0 0 0 0 0 0
1952 0 0 0 0 0 0
1953 0 0 0 0 0 0
1954 0 0 0 0 0 0
1955 0 0 0 0 0 0
1956 0 0 0 0 0 0
1957 0 0 0 0 0 0
1958 0 0 0 0 0 0
1959 0 0 0 0 0 0
1960 0 0 0 0 0 0
1961 0 0 0 0 0 0
1962 0 0 0 0 0 0
1963 0 0 0 0 0 0
1964 0 0 0 0 0 0
1965 0 0 0 0 0 0
1966 0 0 0 0 0 0
1967 0 0 0 0 0 0
1968 0 0 0 0 0 0
1969 0 0 0 0 0 0
1970 0 0 0 0 0 0
1971 0 0 0 0 0 0
1972 0 0 0 0 0 0
1973 0 0 0 0 0 0
1974 0 0 1 0 0 0
1975 0 0 0 0 0 0
1976 0 0 1 0 0 0
1977 0 0 0 0 1 0
1978 0 0 0 0 0 0
1979 0 0 0 0 0 0
1980 0 0 0 0 0 0
1981 0 0 0 0 0 0
1982 0 0 0 0 0 0
1983 0 0 0 0 0 0
1984 0 0 0 0 0 0
1985 0 0 0 0 0 0
1986 0 0 0 0 0 0
1987 0 0 0 0 0 0
1988 0 0 0 0 0 0
1989 0 0 0 0 0 0
1990 0 0 0 0 0 0
1991 0 0 0 0 0 0
1992 0 0 0 0 0 0
1993 0 0 0 0 0 0
1994 0 0 0 0 0 0
1995 0 0 0 0 0 0
1996 0 0 0 0 0 0
1997 0 0 0 0 0 0
1998 0 0 0 0 0 0
1999 0 0 0 0 0 0
2000 0 0 0 0 0 0
2001 0 0 0 0 0 0
2002 0 0 0 0 0 0
2003 0 0 0 0 0 0
2004 0 0 0 0 0 0
2005 0 0 0 0 0 0
2006 0 0 0 0 0 0
2007 0 0 0 0 0 0
2008 0 0 0 0 0 0
2009 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 174 0 2 0 453 0
Year 11.1 11.1se 11.2 11.2se 11.3 11.3se
1940 0 0 0 0 0 0
1941 0 0 0 0 0 0
1942 0 0 0 0 0 0
1943 0 0 0 0 0 0
1944 0 0 0 0 0 0
1945 0 0 0 0 0 0
1946 0 0 0 0 0 0
1947 0 0 0 0 0 0
1948 0 0 0 0 0 0
1949 0 0 0 0 0 0
1950 0 0 0 0 0 0
1951 0 0 0 0 0 0
1952 0 0 0 0 0 0
1953 0 0 0 0 0 0
1954 0 0 0 0 0 0
1955 0 0 0 0 0 0
1956 0 0 0 0 0 0
1957 0 0 0 0 0 0
1958 0 0 0 0 0 0
1959 0 0 0 0 0 0
1960 0 0 0 0 0 0
1961 0 0 0 0 0 0
1962 0 0 0 0 0 0
1963 0 0 0 0 0 0
1964 0 0 0 0 0 0
1965 0 0 0 0 0 0
1966 0 0 0 0 0 0
1967 0 0 0 0 0 0
1968 0 0 0 0 0 0
1969 0 0 0 0 0 0
1970 0 0 0 0 0 0
1971 0 0 0 0 0 0
1972 0 0 0 0 0 0
1973 0 0 0 0 0 0
1974 0 0 0 0 0 0
1975 0 0 0 0 0 0
1976 0 0 0 0 0 0
1977 0 0 0 0 0 0
1978 0 0 0 0 0 0
1979 0 0 0 0 0 0
1980 0 0 0 0 0 0
1981 0 0 0 0 0 0
1982 0 0 0 0 0 0
1983 0 0 0 0 0 0
1984 0 0 0 0 0 0
1985 0 0 0 0 0 0
1986 0 0 0 0 0 0
1987 0 0 0 0 0 0
1988 0 0 0 0 0 0
1989 0 0 0 0 0 0
1990 0 0 0 0 0 0
1991 0 0 0 0 0 0
1992 0 0 0 0 0 0
1993 0 0 0 0 0 0
1994 0 0 0 0 0 0
1995 0 0 0 0 0 0
1996 0 0 0 0 0 0
1997 0 0 0 0 0 0
1998 0 0 0 0 0 0
1999 0 0 0 0 0 0
2000 0 0 0 0 0 0
2001 0 0 0 0 0 0
2002 0 0 0 0 0 0
2003 0 0 0 0 0 0
2004 0 0 0 0 0 0
2005 0 0 0 0 0 0
2006 0 0 0 0 0 0
2007 0 0 0 0 0 0
2008 0 0 0 0 0 0
2009 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 2889 105 1787 93 1323 83
Year 3 3se 4 4se
1616 0 0 0 0
1617 0 0 0 0
1618 0 0 0 0
1619 0 0 0 0
1620 0 0 0 0
1621 0 0 0 0
1622 0 0 0 0
1623 0 0 0 0
1624 0 0 0 0
1625 0 0 0 0
1626 0 0 0 0
1627 0 0 0 0
1628 0 0 0 0
1629 0 0 0 0
1630 0 0 0 0
1631 0 0 0 0
1632 0 0 0 0
1633 0 0 0 0
1634 0 0 0 0
1635 0 0 0 0
1636 0 0 0 0
1637 0 0 0 0
1638 0 0 0 0
1639 0 0 0 0
1640 0 0 0 0
1641 0 0 0 0
1642 0 0 0 0
1643 0 0 0 0
1644 0 0 0 0
1645 0 0 0 0
1646 0 0 0 0
1647 0 0 0 0
1648 0 0 0 0
1649 0 0 0 0
1650 0 0 0 0
1651 0 0 0 0
1652 0 0 0 0
1653 0 0 0 0
1654 0 0 0 0
1655 0 0 0 0
1656 0 0 0 0
1657 0 0 0 0
1658 0 0 0 0
1659 0 0 0 0
1660 0 0 0 0
1661 0 0 0 0
1662 0 0 0 0
1663 0 0 0 0
1664 0 0 0 0
1665 0 0 0 0
1666 0 0 0 0
1667 0 0 0 0
1668 0 0 0 0
1669 0 0 0 0
1670 0 0 0 0
1671 0 0 0 0
1672 0 0 0 0
1673 0 0 0 0
1674 0 0 0 0
1675 0 0 0 0
1676 0 0 0 0
1677 0 0 0 0
1678 0 0 0 0
1679 0 0 0 0
1680 0 0 0 0
1681 0 0 0 0
1682 0 0 0 0
1683 0 0 0 0
1684 0 0 0 0
1685 0 0 0 0
1686 0 0 0 0
1687 0 0 0 0
1688 0 0 0 0
1689 0 0 0 0
1690 0 0 0 0
1691 0 0 0 0
1692 0 0 0 0
1693 0 0 0 0
1694 0 0 0 0
1695 0 0 0 0
1696 0 0 0 0
Year 12 12se 13 13s
1616 0 0 0 0
1617 0 0 0 0
1618 0 0 0 0
1619 0 0 0 0
1620 0 0 0 0
1621 0 0 0 0
1622 0 0 0 0
1623 0 0 0 0
1624 0 0 0 0
1625 0 0 0 0
1626 0 0 0 0
1627 0 0 0 0
1628 0 0 0 0
1629 0 0 0 0
1630 0 0 0 0
1631 0 0 0 0
1632 0 0 0 0
1633 0 0 0 0
1634 0 0 0 0
1635 0 0 0 0
1636 0 0 0 0
1637 0 0 0 0
1638 0 0 0 0
1639 0 0 0 0
1640 0 0 0 0
1641 0 0 0 0
1642 0 0 0 0
1643 0 0 0 0
1644 0 0 0 0
1645 0 0 0 0
1646 0 0 0 0
1647 0 0 0 0
1648 0 0 0 0
1649 0 0 0 0
1650 0 0 0 0
1651 0 0 0 0
1652 0 0 0 0
1653 0 0 0 0
1654 0 0 0 0
1655 0 0 0 0
1656 0 0 0 0
1657 0 0 0 0
1658 0 0 0 0
1659 0 0 0 0
1660 0 0 0 0
1661 0 0 0 0
1662 0 0 0 0
1663 0 0 0 0
1664 0 0 0 0
1665 0 0 0 0
1666 0 0 0 0
1667 0 0 0 0
1668 0 0 0 0
1669 0 0 0 0
1670 0 0 0 0
1671 0 0 0 0
1672 0 0 0 0
1673 0 0 0 0
1674 0 0 0 0
1675 0 0 0 0
1676 0 0 0 0
1677 0 0 0 0
1678 0 0 0 0
1679 0 0 0 0
1680 0 0 0 0
1681 0 0 0 0
1682 0 0 0 0
1683 0 0 0 0
1684 0 0 0 0
1685 0 0 0 0
1686 0 0 0 0
1687 0 0 0 0
1688 0 0 0 0
1689 0 0 0 0
1690 0 0 0 0
1691 0 0 0 0
1692 0 0 0 0
1693 0 0 0 0
1694 0 0 0 0
1695 0 0 0 0
1696 0 0 0 0
Year 3 3se 4 4se
1697 0 0 0 0
1698 0 0 0 0
1699 0 0 0 0
1700 0 0 0 0
1701 0 0 0 0
1702 0 0 0 0
1703 0 0 0 0
1704 0 0 0 0
1705 0 0 0 0
1706 0 0 0 0
1707 0 0 0 0
1708 0 0 0 0
1709 0 0 0 0
1710 0 0 0 0
1711 0 0 0 0
1712 0 0 0 0
1713 0 0 0 0
1714 0 0 0 0
1715 0 0 0 0
1716 0 0 0 0
1717 0 0 0 0
1718 0 0 0 0
1719 0 0 0 0
1720 0 0 0 0
1721 0 0 0 0
1722 0 0 0 0
1723 0 0 0 0
1724 0 0 0 0
1725 0 0 0 0
1726 0 0 0 0
1727 0 0 0 0
1728 0 0 0 0
1729 0 0 0 0
1730 0 0 0 0
1731 0 0 0 0
1732 0 0 0 0
1733 0 0 0 0
1734 0 0 0 0
1735 0 0 0 0
1736 0 0 0 0
1737 0 0 0 0
1738 0 0 0 0
1739 0 0 0 0
1740 0 0 0 0
1741 0 0 0 0
1742 0 0 0 0
1743 0 0 0 0
1744 0 0 0 0
1745 0 0 0 0
1746 0 0 0 0
1747 0 0 0 0
1748 0 0 0 0
1749 0 0 0 0
1750 3 3.2 0 0
1751 3 3.2 0 0
1752 3 3.2 0 0
1753 3 3.2 0 0
1754 3 3.2 0 0
1755 3 3.2 0 0
1756 3 3.2 0 0
1757 3 3.2 0 0
1758 3 3.2 0 0
1759 3 3.2 0 0
1760 3 3.2 0 0
1761 3 3.2 0 0
1762 3 3.2 0 0
1763 3 3.2 0 0
1764 3 3.2 0 0
1765 3 3.2 0 0
1766 3 3.2 0 0
1767 3 3.2 0 0
1768 3 3.2 0 0
1769 3 3.2 0 0
1770 3 3.2 0 0
1771 3 3.2 0 0
1772 3 3.2 0 0
1773 3 3.2 0 0
1774 3 3.2 0 0
1775 3 3.2 0 0
1776 3 3.2 0 0
1777 3 3.2 0 0
Year 12 12se 13 13s
1697 0 0 0 0
1698 0 0 0 0
1699 0 0 0 0
1700 0 0 0 0
1701 0 0 0 0
1702 0 0 0 0
1703 0 0 0 0
1704 0 0 0 0
1705 0 0 0 0
1706 0 0 0 0
1707 0 0 0 0
1708 0 0 0 0
1709 0 0 0 0
1710 0 0 0 0
1711 0 0 0 0
1712 0 0 0 0
1713 0 0 0 0
1714 0 0 0 0
1715 0 0 0 0
1716 0 0 0 0
1717 0 0 0 0
1718 0 0 0 0
1719 0 0 0 0
1720 0 0 0 0
1721 0 0 0 0
1722 0 0 0 0
1723 0 0 0 0
1724 0 0 0 0
1725 0 0 0 0
1726 0 0 0 0
1727 0 0 0 0
1728 0 0 0 0
1729 0 0 0 0
1730 0 0 0 0
1731 0 0 0 0
1732 0 0 0 0
1733 0 0 0 0
1734 0 0 0 0
1735 0 0 0 0
1736 0 0 0 0
1737 0 0 0 0
1738 0 0 0 0
1739 0 0 0 0
1740 0 0 0 0
1741 0 0 0 0
1742 0 0 0 0
1743 0 0 0 0
1744 0 0 0 0
1745 0 0 0 0
1746 0 0 0 0
1747 0 0 0 0
1748 0 0 0 0
1749 0 0 0 0
1750 0 0 0 0
1751 0 0 0 0
1752 0 0 0 0
1753 0 0 0 0
1754 0 0 0 0
1755 0 0 0 0
1756 0 0 0 0
1757 0 0 0 0
1758 0 0 0 0
1759 0 0 0 0
1760 0 0 0 0
1761 0 0 0 0
1762 0 0 0 0
1763 0 0 0 0
1764 0 0 0 0
1765 0 0 0 0
1766 0 0 0 0
1767 0 0 0 0
1768 0 0 0 0
1769 0 0 0 0
1770 0 0 0 0
1771 0 0 0 0
1772 0 0 0 0
1773 0 0 0 0
1774 0 0 0 0
1775 0 0 0 0
1776 0 0 0 0
1777 0 0 0 0
Year 3 3se 4 4se
1778 3 3.2 0 0
1779 3 3.2 0 0
1780 3 3.2 0 0
1781 3 3.2 0 0
1782 3 3.2 0 0
1783 3 3.2 0 0
1784 3 3.2 0 0
1785 3 3.2 0 0
1786 3 3.2 0 0
1787 3 3.2 0 0
1788 3 3.2 0 0
1789 3 3.2 0 0
1790 3 3.2 0 0
1791 3 3.2 0 0
1792 3 3.2 0 0
1793 3 3.2 0 0
1794 3 3.2 0 0
1795 3 3.2 0 0
1796 3 3.2 0 0
1797 3 3.2 0 0
1798 3 3.2 0 0
1799 3 3.2 0 0
1800 3 3.2 0 0
1801 1 0.3 0 0
1802 0 0 0 0
1803 1 0.3 0 0
1804 1 0.3 0 0
1805 1 0.3 0 0
1806 22 4.9 0 0
1807 1 0.3 0 0
1808 0 0 0 0
1809 1 0.3 0 0
1810 4 0.9 0 0
1811 1 0.3 0 0
1812 3 0.6 0 0
1813 1 0.3 0 0
1814 6 1.2 0 0
1815 0 0 0 0
1816 6 1.2 0 0
1817 0 0 0 0
1818 0 0 0 0
1819 0 0 0 0
1820 10 2.1 0 0
1821 3 3.2 0 0
1822 3 0.6 0 0
1823 3 3.2 0 0
1824 8 1.8 0 0
1825 3 3.2 0 0
1826 4 0.9 0 0
1827 3 3.2 0 0
1828 0 0 0 0
1829 3 3.2 0 0
1830 3 3.2 0 0
1831 3 3.2 0 0
1832 3 3.2 0 0
1833 3 3.2 0 0
1834 0 0 0 0
1835 3 3.2 0 0
1836 3 0.6 0 0
1837 3 3.2 0 0
1838 4 0.9 0 0
1839 3 3.2 0 0
1840 3 0.6 0 0
1841 31 6.7 0 0
1842 1 0.3 0 0
1843 3 3.2 0 0
1844 18 4 0 0
1845 3 3.2 0 0
1846 0 0 0 0
1847 3 3.2 0 0
1848 0 0 0 0
1849 3 3.2 0 0
1850 3 0.6 0 0
1851 3 3.2 0 0
1852 3 3.2 0 0
1853 3 3.2 0 0
1854 0 0 0 0
1855 3 3.2 0 0
1856 4 0.9 0 0
1857 3 3.2 0 0
1858 0 0 0 0
Year 12 12se 13 13se
1778 0 0 0 0
1779 0 0 0 0
1780 0 0 0 0
1781 0 0 0 0
1782 0 0 0 0
1783 0 0 0 0
1784 0 0 0 0
1785 0 0 0 0
1786 0 0 0 0
1787 0 0 0 0
1788 0 0 0 0
1789 0 0 0 0
1790 0 0 0 0
1791 0 0 0 0
1792 0 0 0 0
1793 0 0 0 0
1794 0 0 0 0
1795 0 0 0 0
1796 0 0 0 0
1797 0 0 0 0
1798 0 0 0 0
1799 0 0 0 0
1800 0 0 0 0
1801 0 0 0 0
1802 0 0 0 0
1803 0 0 0 0
1804 0 0 0 0
1805 0 0 0 0
1806 0 0 0 0
1807 0 0 0 0
1808 0 0 0 0
1809 0 0 0 0
1810 0 0 0 0
1811 0 0 0 0
1812 0 0 0 0
1813 0 0 0 0
1814 0 0 0 0
1815 0 0 0 0
1816 0 0 0 0
1817 0 0 0 0
1818 0 0 0 0
1819 0 0 0 0
1820 0 0 0 0
1821 0 0 0 0
1822 0 0 0 0
1823 0 0 0 0
1824 0 0 0 0
1825 0 0 0 0
1826 0 0 0 0
1827 0 0 0 0
1828 0 0 0 0
1829 0 0 0 0
1830 0 0 0 0
1831 0 0 0 0
1832 0 0 0 0
1833 0 0 0 0
1834 0 0 0 0
1835 0 0 0 0
1836 0 0 0 0
1837 0 0 0 0
1838 0 0 0 0
1839 0 0 0 0
1840 0 0 0 0
1841 0 0 0 0
1842 0 0 0 0
1843 0 0 0 0
1844 0 0 0 0
1845 0 0 0 0
1846 0 0 0 0
1847 0 0 0 0
1848 0 0 0 0
1849 0 0 0 0
1850 0 0 0 0
1851 0 0 0 0
1852 0 0 0 0
1853 0 0 0 0
1854 28 16.1 0 0
1855 28 16.1 0 0
1856 28 16.1 0 0
1857 28 16.1 0 0
1858 28 16.1 0 0
Year 3 3se 4 4se
1859 3 3.2 0 0
1860 0 0 0 0
1861 3 3.2 0 0
1862 0 0 0 0
1863 3 3.2 0 0
1864 0 0 0 0
1865 3 3.2 0 0
1866 0 0 0 0
1867 3 3.2 0 0
1868 0 0 0 0
1869 3 3.2 0 0
1870 4 0.9 0 0
1871 3 3.2 0 0
1872 7 1.5 0 0
1873 3 3.2 0 0
1874 1 0.3 0 0
1875 3 3.2 0 0
1876 3 0.6 0 0
1877 3 3.2 0 0
1878 1 0.3 0 0
1879 3 3.2 0 0
1880 0 0 0 0
1881 3 3.2 0 0
1882 1 0.3 0 0
1883 3 3.2 0 0
1884 3 3.2 0 0
1885 3 3.2 0 0
1886 8 0 0 0
1887 5 0 0 0
1888 5 0 0 0
1889 3 0 0 0
1890 0 0 0 0
1891 4 2 0 0
1892 3 0 0 0
1893 8 0 0 0
1894 9 0 0 0
1895 8 0 0 0
1896 3 0 0 0
1897 7 0 0 0
1898 3 0 0 0
1899 7 0 0 0
1900 9 0 0 0
1901 9 0 0 0
1902 9 0 0 0
1903 9 0 0 0
1904 9 0 0 0
1905 5 0 0 0
1906 5 0 0 0
1907 5 0 0 0
1908 5 0 0 0
1909 5 0 0 0
1910 3 0 0 0
1911 3 0 0 0
1912 3 0 0 0
1913 3 0 0 0
1914 3 0 0 0
1915 2 0 0 0
1916 2 0 0 0
1917 2 0 0 0
1918 2 0 0 0
1919 2 0 0 0
1920 0 0 0 0
1921 0 0 0 0
1922 0 0 0 0
1923 0 0 0 0
1924 0 0 10 0
1925 0 0 8 0
1926 0 0 12 0
1927 0 0 9 0
1928 0 0 9 0
1929 0 0 9 0
1930 0 0 6 0
1931 0 0 4 0
1932 0 0 4 0
1933 0 0 1 0
1934 0 0 2 0
1935 0 0 6 0
1936 0 0 5 0
1937 0 0 4 0
1938 0 0 1 0
1939 0 0 2 0
Year 12 12se 13 13se
1859 28 16.1 0 0
1860 28 16.1 0 0
1861 28 16.1 0 0
1862 28 16.1 0 0
1863 28 16.1 0 0
1864 28 16.1 0 0
1865 28 16.1 0 0
1866 28 16.1 0 0
1867 28 16.1 0 0
1868 28 16.1 0 0
1869 28 16.1 0 0
1870 28 16.1 0 0
1871 28 16.1 0 0
1872 28 16.1 0 0
1873 28 16.1 0 0
1874 28 16.1 0 0
1875 28 16.1 0 0
1876 28 16.1 0 0
1877 28 16.1 0 0
1878 28 16.1 0 0
1879 28 16.1 0 0
1880 28 16.1 0 0
1881 28 16.1 0 0
1882 28 16.1 0 0
1883 28 16.1 0 0
1884 28 16.1 0 0
1885 28 16.1 0 0
1886 28 16.1 0 0
1887 28 16.1 0 0
1888 28 16.1 0 0
1889 28 16.1 0 0
1890 28 16.1 0 0
1891 28 16.1 0 0
1892 28 16.1 0 0
1893 28 16.1 0 0
1894 28 16.1 0 0
1895 28 16.1 0 0
1896 28 16.1 0 0
1897 28 16.1 0 0
1898 28 16.1 0 0
1899 28 16.1 0 0
1900 28 16.1 0 0
1901 0 0 0 0
1902 0 0 0 0
1903 0 0 0 0
1904 0 0 0 0
1905 0 0 0 0
1906 0 0 0 0
1907 0 0 0 0
1908 0 0 0 0
1909 0 0 0 0
1910 0 0 0 0
1911 0 0 0 0
1912 0 0 0 0
1913 0 0 0 0
1914 0 0 0 0
1915 0 0 0 0
1916 0 0 0 0
1917 0 0 0 0
1918 0 0 0 0
1919 0 0 0 0
1920 0 0 0 0
1921 0 0 0 0
1922 0 0 0 0
1923 0 0 0 0
1924 0 0 0 0
1925 0 0 0 0
1926 0 0 0 0
1927 0 0 0 0
1928 0 0 0 0
1929 0 0 0 0
1930 0 0 0 0
1931 0 0 0 0
1932 0 0 0 0
1933 0 0 0 0
1934 0 0 0 0
1935 0 0 0 0
1936 0 0 0 0
1937 0 0 0 0
1938 0 0 0 0
1939 0 0 0 0
Year 3 3se 4 4se
1940 0 0 0 0
1941 0 0 0 0
1942 0 0 0 0
1943 0 0 0 0
1944 0 0 0 0
1945 0 0 0 0
1946 0 0 4 0
1947 0 0 5 0
1948 0 0 1 0
1949 0 0 2 0
1950 0 0 3 0
1951 0 0 5 0
1952 0 0 0 0
1953 0 0 1 0
1954 0 0 0 0
1955 0 0 0 0
1956 0 0 0 0
1957 0 0 0 0
1958 0 0 0 0
1959 0 0 0 0
1960 0 0 1 0
1961 0 0 1 0
1962 0 0 2 0
1963 0 0 0 0
1964 0 0 0 0
1965 0 0 1 0
1966 0 0 4 0
1967 0 0 4 0
1968 0 0 5 0
1969 0 0 3 0
1970 0 0 0 0
1971 0 0 4 0
1972 0 0 3 0
1973 0 0 11 0
1974 0 0 9 0
1975 0 0 9 0
1976 0 0 9 0
1977 0 0 16 0
1978 0 0 23 0
1979 0 0 14 0
1980 0 0 15 0
1981 0 0 12 0
1982 0 0 12 0
1983 0 0 15 0
1984 0 0 15 0
1985 0 0 8 0
1986 0 0 0 0
1987 0 0 0 0
1988 0 0 1 0
1989 0 0 2 0
1990 0 0 1 0
1991 0 0 1 0
1992 0 0 1 0
1993 0 0 0 0
1994 0 0 1 0
1995 0 0 0 0
1996 0 0 0 0
1997 0 0 0 0
1998 0 0 0 0
1999 0 0 0 0
2000 0 0 0 0
2001 0 0 4 0
2002 0 0 0 0
2003 0 0 1 0
2004 0 0 1 0
2005 0 0 0 0
2006 0 0 1 0
2007 0 0 0 0
2008 0 0 0 0
2009 0 0 0 0
Total 587 32 323 0
Year 12 12se 13 13se
1940 0 0 0 0
1941 0 0 0 0
1942 0 0 0 0
1943 0 0 0 0
1944 0 0 0 0
1945 0 0 0 0
1946 0 0 0 0
1947 0 0 0 0
1948 0 0 0 0
1949 0 0 0 0
1950 0 0 0 0
1951 0 0 0 0
1952 0 0 0 0
1953 0 0 0 0
1954 0 0 0 0
1955 0 0 0 0
1956 0 0 0 0
1957 0 0 1 0
1958 0 0 0 0
1959 0 0 0 0
1960 0 0 0 0
1961 0 0 4 0
1962 0 0 0 0
1963 0 0 0 0
1964 0 0 0 0
1965 0 0 0 0
1966 0 0 0 0
1967 0 0 0 0
1968 0 0 0 0
1969 0 0 0 0
1970 0 0 0 0
1971 0 0 0 0
1972 0 0 0 0
1973 0 0 0 0
1974 0 0 0 0
1975 0 0 0 0
1976 0 0 0 0
1977 0 0 0 0
1978 0 0 0 0
1979 0 0 0 0
1980 0 0 0 0
1981 0 0 0 0
1982 0 0 0 0
1983 0 0 0 0
1984 0 0 0 0
1985 0 0 0 0
1986 0 0 0 0
1987 0 0 0 0
1988 0 0 0 0
1989 0 0 0 0
1990 0 0 0 0
1991 0 0 0 0
1992 0 0 0 0
1993 0 0 0 0
1994 0 0 0 0
1995 0 0 0 0
1996 0 0 0 0
1997 0 0 0 0
1998 0 0 0 0
1999 0 0 0 0
2000 0 0 0 0
2001 0 0 0 0
2002 0 0 0 0
2003 0 0 0 0
2004 0 0 0 0
2005 0 0 0 0
2006 0 0 0 0
2007 0 0 0 0
2008 0 0 0 0
2009 0 0 0 0
Total 1316 110 5 0
Appendix 3.--For 163 voyages by vessels in the American Non-
mechanized Offshore fishery (Fishery 11), the vessel name, voyage
identification number (VID; Lund et al., 2010), year the voyage
began (Year), area whaled (CVI, WI, Other), and number of
humpback whales tried out (i.e. Landed).
Vessel VID Year Area Landed
A. L. Putnam 16 1866 CVI 0
A. R. Tucker 48 1868 CVI 6
Adeline Gibbs 272 1875 Other 0
Adeline Gibbs 273 1878 Other 0
Admiral Blake 277 1868 Other 0
Admiral Blake 305 1865 CVI 6
Agate 344 1869 WI 13
Agate 345 1871 WI 10
Agate 346 1872 WI 10
Albert Clarence 393 1868 CVI 4
Alcyone 435 1890 WI 2
Alice Knowles 555 1883 Other 0
Alleghania 616 1868 WI 1
Alleghania 617 1869 WI 3
Alleghania 618 1870 WI 0
Amelia 776 1877 WI 1
Andrew Hicks 905 1881 Other 0
Ann Maria 1014 1837 CVI 0
Annawan 1044 1836 WI 1
Annawan II 1059 1859 WI 2
Ansel Gibbs 1087 1867 Other 0
Ansel Gibbs 1089 1869 Other 0
Arthur Clifford 1267 1866 WI 7
Arthur Clifford 1268 1867 WI 7
Arthur Clifford 1269 1867 WI 5
Arthur Clifford 1270 1868 WI 10
Attleboro 1402 1880 Other 0
Aurora 1423 1884 WI 3
Benjamin Franklin 1760 1866 Other 0
By Chance 2118 1826 CVI 2
Catalpa 2446 1875 Other 0
Charles H. Cook 2679 1867 Other 0
Charles W. Morgan 2721 1867 WI 1
Charles W. Morgan 2724 1878 Other 0
Cicero 2886 1870 WI 8
Cicero 2889 1879 Other 0
Clara L. Sparks 2920 1876 CVI 5
Clara L. Sparks 2921 1878 Other 0
Clara L. Sparks 2922 1879 WI 0
Clarice 2932 1875 Other 0
Cornelia 3394 1866 Other 0
David A. Small 3621 1875 Other 0
David A. Small 3627 1886 WI 17
Desdemona 3715 1873 Other 0
Desdemona 3716 1876 Other 0
Draco 3835 1866 Other 0
Draco 3836 1868 Other 0
Draco 3837 1872 Other 0
Draco 3839 1878 Other 0
E. H. Hatfield 3915 1880 CVI 1
E. H. Hatfield 3919 1861 CVI 8
E. H. Hatfield 3923 1865 CVI 0
E. H. Hatfield 3924 1867 Other 0
E. H. Hatfield 3931 1876 WI 1
E. H. Hatfield 3932 1876 CVI 1
E. Nickerson 3937 1850 CVI 2
Edith May 3998 1867 Other 0
Eleanor B. Conwell 4069 1880 Other 0
Eleanor B. Conwell 4071 1884 Other 0
Eleanor B. Conwell 4072 1885 Other 0
Eleanor B. Conwell 4073 1885 Other 0
Ellen Rizpah 4311 1875 WI 8
Emma Jane 4446 1879 Other 0
Emma Jane 4448 1882 Other 0
Eschol 4599 1869 Other 0
Eschol 4600 1871 WI 2
Eschol 4601 1873 Other 0
Eunice H. Adams 4664 1885 CVI 3
Exchange 4726 1847 Other 1
Express 4757 1878 CVI 8
F. H. Moore 4767 1868 WI 1
Falcon 4837 1865 Other 0
Frank Bunchinia 5195 1856 CVI 1
Franklin 5236 1880 Other 0
Franklin 5238 1883 WI 7
Franklin 5240 1885 WI 13
Gage H. Phillips 5347 1878 Other 0
Gage H. Phillips 5348 1881 Other 0
George and Mary 5620 1877 Other 0
Golden City 5847 1878 Other 0
Golden City 5848 1880 Other 0
Golden City 5850 1881 Other 0
Golden City 5851 1882 CVI 9
Greyhound 6019 1885 Other 0
Greyhound 6022 1898 WI 1
Henry Taber 6445 1866 Other 0
Homer 6720 1855 CVI 1
Hope On 6787 1881 Other 0
Industry 7074 1828 WI 1
J. Taylor 7222 1866 WI 10
J. Taylor 7223 1867 WI 3
Janet 7356 1875 Other 0
Janet 7357 1877 Other 0
Lizzie P. Simmons 8513 1868 Other 0
Lottie E. Cook 8564 1885 Other 0
Louisa 8587 1878 Other 0
Mattapoisett 9465 1866 Other 0
Mattapoisett 9467 1871 Other 0
Merlin 9625 1881 Other 0
Mermaid 9630 1880 Other 0
Mermaid 9632 1883 Other 0
Nellie F. Putnam 10346 1867 WI 0
Nellie F. Putnam 10347 1868 WI 8
Nellie F. Putnam 10348 1869 CVI 6
Ohio 17040 1872 WI 0
Ohio II 10799 1875 Other 0
Osceola III 11052 1865 CVI 2
Osceola III 11053 1866 Other 0
Ospray 11073 1868 Other 0
Ospray 11077 1877 Other 0
Pacific 11150 1865 Other 0
Pacific 11151 1867 WI 1
Pacific 11152 1868 Other 0
Pearl Nelson 11347 1896 CVI 2
Pedro Varela 11352 1881 Other 0
Pedro Varela 11354 1885 Other 0
Perry 11410 1874 CVI 3
Perry 11411 1877 Other 0
Petrel 11476 1865 CVI 3
Pioneer 11691 1877 Other 0
President 11930 1875 Other 0
President II 11962 1875 Other 0
Quickstep 12017 1871 Other 0
Quickstep 12018 1873 CVI 1
Quito 12040 1842 WI 2
Rainbow 12078 1866 WI 4
Rainbow 12079 1867 Other 0
Rainbow 12081 1869 Other 0
Rising Sun 12367 1875 WI 2
Rising Sun 12369 1877 WI 3
Rising Sun 12370 1878 WI 2
Rising Sun 12372 1879 WI 0
Rising Sun 12373 1879 WI 5
Rising Sun 12375 1881 Other 0
Rising Sun 12377 1883 WI 14
Rising Sun 17019 1876 WI 5
S. R. Soper 12702 1865 Other 0
Sarah 12877 1873 Other 0
Sarah 12878 1876 Other 0
Sarah B. Hale 12891 1877 Other 0
Sea Ranger 13071 1876 Other 0
Solon 13217 1865 CVI 3
Stafford 13384 1865 CVI 5
Star Castle 13421 1867 WI 9
Tamerlane 13700 1877 Other 0
Triton 14088 1868 Other 0
Tropic Bird 14134 1867 Other 0
Tropic Bird 14136 1876 Other 0
Tropic Bird 14137 1878 Other 0
Union 14277 1874 Other 0
Union 14278 1875 Other 0
Union 14283 1882 WI 7
Vigilant 15164 1865 Other 0
Walter Irving 15268 1865 CVI 2
Washington 15357 1858 WI 2
Washington Freeman 15402 1868 CVI 2
Wave 15452 1867 Other 0
Wave 15455 1871 Other 0
Wave 15456 1874 Other 0
Wave 15457 1876 Other 0
William A. Grozier 15525 1866 WI 2
Willis 15784 1861 CVI 4
Winged Racer 15804 1868 WI 4Table 1.--North Atlantic fisheries and sub-fisheries that took
(or may have taken) humpback whales, following Reeves and Smith
(2002), showing the numbering system used and the corresponding
Eras and Operations, following Reeves and Smith (2006).
Fishery Subfishery Era Operation
1. Norwegian 1. N. Norway Norwegian- 83
mechanized shore StyleShore
2. W. Norway 83
3. Svalbard 83
4. Iceland 77
5. Faroes 73
6. British Isles 76
7. Newfoundland 69
8. Gulf of St. 69
Lawrence
9. Nova Scotia 69
10. Grenada 83
11. Spain-Portugal 86, 90
2. Norwegian Factory Ship 99, 101
mechanized offshore
3. Greenland Arctic 9
nonmechanized shore Aboriginal
4. Greenland Norwegian-style 72
mechanized shore Shore
5. Canada American-style 52
nonmechanized Offshore
coastal (Pelagic)
6. Canada American-style 52
nonmechanized Offshore
offshore (Pelagic)
7. American American-style 46
nonmechanized shore Shore
8. American American-style 64
mechanized coastal Offshore
(Pelagic)
9. Bermuda American-style 30
nonmechanized shore Shore
10. West Indies 1. Barbados American-style 48
nonmechanized shore Shore
2. St. Vincent and American-style 48
the Grenadines Shore
3. Grenada American-style 48
Shore
4. Trinidad American-style 48
Shore
5. St. Lucia American-style 48
Shore
6. Turks and Caicos American-style 48
Shore
11. American 1. West Indies American-style 64
nonmechanized 2. Cape Verde Is. Offshore
offshore (Pelagic)
3. Other areas American-style 64
Offshore
(Pelagic)
American-style 64
Offshore
(Pelagic)
12. Cape American-style 18
Verde Islands Shore
nonmechanized shore American-style 35
Shore
13. Madeira
nonmechanized shore
Table 2.--Total humpback whales reported as tried out (i.e.
"landed"); numbers reported as struck but not tried out, in 4
categories: killed, escaped carrying gear, escaped after the
harpoon drew, and escaped in unknown circumstances; proportion
of all killed whales that were lost (PL, with standard error);
and loss rate factor (LFR, with standard error). Data are from 50
voyages.
Tried Killed Carrying Harpoon Unknown PL [SE.sub.pl]
Out Gear Drew
226 61 47 39 64 0.41 0.025
Tried LRF [SE.sub.lrf]
Out
226 1.71 0.073
Table 3.--For all North Atlantic humpback whale fisheries and
sub-fisheries (numbered as in Table 1, with abbreviated names),
with non-zero estimates of landings, years whal-ing started
(Yr.s) and ended (Yr.e), number of years operating (Yrs),
estimated landings (L) with standard error (SE(L)), percent of
total North Atlantic landings (%L), estimated removals (R) with
standard error (SE(R)), and percent of total North Atlantic
removals (% R).
Fishery Yr.s Yr.e Yrs L SE(L)
1.1 NMS.NN 1864 1955 91 1,793 1
1.2 NMS.WN 1926 1950 24 13 0
1.3 NMS.S 1903 1926 23 54 1
1.4 NMS.I 1884 1954 70 2,200 5
1.5 NMS.F 1894 1964 70 737 24
1.6 NMS.BI 1903 1929 26 77 0
1.7 NMS.NF 1898 1971 73 1,593 6
1.9 NMS.NS 1969 1971 2 7 0
1.10 NMS.G 1925 1926 1 174 0
1.11 NMS.SP 1974 1976 2 2 0
2 NMO 1922 1977 55 453 0
3 GNMS 1750 1923 173 619 31
4 GMS 1924 2006 82 323 0
6 CNMO 1804 1888 84 1,401 34
7 ANMS 1805 1885 80 564 29
8 AMC 1883 1896 13 301 21
9 BNMS 1616 1942 326 1,497 50
10.1 WINMS.B 1868 1910 42 321 4
10.2 WINMS.SG 1878 2008 130 941 12
10.3 WINMS.G 1859 1924 65 271 5
10.4 WINMS.T 1826 1867 41 675 14
10.6 WINMS.TC 1846 1885 39 120 13
11.1 ANMO.WI 1850 1885 35 2,888 105
11.2 ANMO.CVI 1850 1885 35 1,787 93
11.3 ANMO.OA 1750 1900 150 1,323 83
12 CVINMS 1854 1900 46 1,337 110
13 MNMS 1957 1961 4 5 0
All Fisheries 21,476 214
Fishery %L R SE(R) %R
1.1 NMS.NN 8.3 1,827 5 5.9
1.2 NMS.WN 0.1 13 0 0.0
1.3 NMS.S 0.3 55 1 0.2
1.4 NMS.I 10.2 2,242 8 7.3
1.5 NMS.F 3.4 751 25 2.4
1.6 NMS.BI 0.4 78 0 0.3
1.7 NMS.NF 7.4 1,623 8 5.3
1.9 NMS.NS 0.0 7 0 0.0
1.10 NMS.G 0.8 177 0 0.6
1.11 NMS.SP 0.0 2 0 0.0
2 NMO 2.1 462 1 1.5
3 GNMS 2.9 953 136 3.1
4 GMS 1.5 329 1 1.1
6 CNMO 6.5 2,158 292 7.0
7 ANMS 2.6 869 124 2.8
8 AMC 1.4 464 70 1.5
9 BNMS 7.0 2,305 317 7.5
10.1 WINMS.B 1.5 549 24 1.8
10.2 WINMS.SG 4.4 1,609 72 5.2
10.3 WINMS.G 1.3 463 22 1.5
10.4 WINMS.T 3.1 1,154 55 3.7
10.6 WINMS.TC 0.6 205 24 0.7
11.1 ANMO.WI 13.4 4,938 277 16.0
11.2 ANMO.CVI 8.3 3,056 206 9.9
11.3 ANMO.OA 6.2 2,262 172 7.3
12 CVINMS 6.2 2,286 212 7.4
13 MNMS 0.0 5 0 0.0
All Fisheries 100 30,842 655 100
Table 4.--Humpback whales landed by the Greenland Non-mechanized Shore
Fishery (Fishery 3) based on the read sample of Danish colonial
"Daybooks" (Poulsen, text footnote 2).
Year Humpbacks Year Humpbacks Year Humpbacks
1774 0 1808 0 1826 3
1787 0 1809 1 1828 0
1788 0 1810 3 1834 0
1789 0 1811 1 1836 2
1790 0 1812 2 1838 3
1794 0 1813 1 1840 2
1799 0 1814 4 1842 1
1800 0 1815 0 1844 1
1801 1 1816 4 1846 0
1802 0 1817 0 1848 0
1803 1 1818 0 1850 2
1804 1 1819 0 1854 0
1805 1 1820 7 1856 3
1806 16 1822 2 1858 0
1807 1 1824 6 1860 0
Year Humpbacks
1862 0
1864 0
1866 0
1868 0
1870 3
1872 5
1874 1
1876 2
1878 1
1880 0
1882 1
1886 3
Table 5.--Information on Bermuda Non-mechanized Shore Whaling (Fishery
9) supplemental to that in Reeves et al. (2006: Table 2), by year or
other time period, obtained from the Bermuda Blue Books (BB), Bermuda
newspapers (RG = Royal Gazette, BH = Bermuda Herald), and published
sources.
Year or Period Information Source
1723 "A typical year in terms of Romero, 2007
whaling," 5,792 gal of whale
oil, worth 600 [pounds
sterling], exported to London,
Liverpool, and Barbados.
1734 7 or 8 boats belonging to 2 Romero, 2007
whaling companies actively
whaling near the islands.
1735 11 whales landed. Romero, 2007
1736 8 whales landed. Romero, 2007
1744 No catch. Romero, 2007
1759 2 companies active, one of Romero, 2007
them deploying 3 boats.
1767 2 whales taken in 31 days of Romero, 2006
whaling.
1768 1 whale taken in 23 days of Romero, 2006
whaling.
1769 1 whale taken (a "young bone Romero, 2006
whale," 29 bbl, possibly a
right whale) in 31 days of
whaling.
1st wk May 1839 3 "fine" whales taken, 2 at RG, 7 May 1839
Port Royal, 1 at Devonshire
(assisted by East End boats).
21 May 1839 Sperm whale taken at RG, 28 May 1839
Devonshire, first taken by
Bermuda shore whalers "for
many years"; 40 ft, produced 1
8-20 bbl sperm oil and 40 bbl
"common" oil.
May 1839 Newspaper advertisement, RG, 28 May 1839
Bermuda Yard requesting 150
imp. gal. whale oil, ready to
pay 4 s., 2 d. per gal.
June 1839 Statement referring to demands RG, 18 June 1839
against whaling establishment
at Southampton, calling for a
settlement. The "Number of
Barrels of Oil, advertised in
the Bermudian [on 8 June], it
is a mistake, no such number
of barrels is on hand."
12 May 1840 Sperm whale ("very fine", 70 RG, 19 May 1840
ft) taken at Tucker's Town;
would have been worth 1,000
[pounds sterling] but the
whalers did not have what they
needed to process it properly.
June 1840 Advertisements, Bermuda Yard RG, 9 June 1840
requesting 250 imp. gal. whale
oil at 4 s., 2 d. per gal.;
Commissariat Magazines, St.
Georges, requesting 240 imp.
gal. of "lamp oil" at same
price.
March 1841 Newspaper advertisement to RG, 23 March 1841
sell "A Whale-Boat, with a Set
of Warps, Irons and Lances."
30 March 1841 Whale taken at St. David's RG, 6 April 1841
Island.
13-20 April 1841 6 whales taken, 4 at St. RG, 20 April 1841
David's Island, 1 at Tucker's
Town, 1 at Port Royal.
21-27 April 1841 4 whales taken, 2 at Somerset, RG, 27 April 1841
1 at St. David's Island, 1 at
Tucker's Town.
1-10 May 1841 A "large" whale taken at St. RG, 11 May 1841
David's Island.
11 May 1841 A whale taken at St. David's. RG, 18 May 1841
April 1842 4 "distinct Establishments" RG, 5 April 1842
active in shore whaling:
Smith's Island, St. David's
Island, Tucker's Town, Port
Royal
26 March 1842 First whale of year taken at RG, 5 April 1842
St. David's, expected to yield
"upwards of 30 bbl."
7, 11 April 1842 2 whales taken at Port Royal RG, 12 April 1842
(a "small" one on 7 April).
11 May 1842 2 whales "of the description, RG, 17 May 1842
known as Cape Whales [i.e.
likely Nordcapers or right
whales]" taken at St. David's,
one of them "unusually large."
13 May 1842 Whale taken at Somerset. RG, 17 May 1842
3 April 1843 First whale of year taken at RG, 4 April 1843
St. David's, a "fine large
old" one.
11-16 May 1843 4 whales taken, 2 at Tucker's RG, 16 May 1843
Town, 1 at Somerset, 1 at Port
Royal.
May 1843 More newspaper advertisements RG, 30 May 1843
requesting whale oil--Bermuda
Yard (250 imp. gal.), Convict
Establishment (1,200 imp.
gal.), Commissariat (356 imp.
gal.), prices quoted as either
4 s. 2 d. or 50 dollars per
gal.
Late March to 2 whales taken, an "old" one RG, 2 April 1844
2 April 1844 at Tucker's Town, a "young"
one at Somerset.
9-16 April 1844 3 whales taken, 1 at Smith's RG, 16 April 1844
Island, 2 at St. David's.
16-23 April 1844 5 whales taken, 1 at Somerset, RG, 23 April 1844
2 at Tucker's Town (expected
to yield 70 bbl), 2 at St.
David's.
23-30 April 1844 3 whales taken, 2 at Port RG, 30 April 1844
Royal, 1 at St. David's.
7-14 May 1844 3 whales taken, 2 at Smith's RG, 7 May 1844
Island, 1 at Tucker's Town.
14-21 May 1844 1 whale taken, Smith's Island. RG, 21 May 1844
May 1844 Newspaper advertisement RG, 23 May 1844
requesting 356 imp. gal. whale
oil at Commissariat.
24 March 1845 First whale of season taken at RG, 25 March 1845
St. David's. 5 whaling
establishments active:
Somerset, Port Royal, Tucker's
Town, 2 at East End.
March 1845 Report from London House of RG, 25 March 1845
Commons (per Royal Exchange,
London, 3 March 1845): "Duties
are to cease on the following
imports after the dates
mentioned: Spermaceti Jany 1
1849; Train Oil, or Blubber of
Foreign Fishing, Jany 1847;
Sperm Oil of Foreign Fishing
Jany 1 1849; Whales Fins of
Foreign Taking and not
prohibited Jany 1 1849."
30 March 1845 Whale (47 ft, expected to RG, 3 April 1845
yield 40 bbl) taken at Port
Royal; another struck but
lost.
15-22 April 1845 2 whales taken, 1 at Smith's RG, 22 April 1845
Island, 1 at Tucker's Town.
29 April- 4 whales taken, 2 at Smith's RG, 6 May 1845
6 May 1845 Island, 1 at St. David's, 1 at
Tucker's Town.
12 May 1845 2 whales taken at Port Royal, RG, 13 May 1845
the "old" one was "brought in,
the young one was moored off;
another whale taken at
Somerset.
9 June 1845 A sperm whale in a "large RG, 17 June 1845
shoal" was struck and lanced
off Tucker's Town, boat stove
and line cut, whale escaped
with "two spears and several
lances fast in him." "Sperm
Whales are not often seen near
these Islands: the last one
captured, we believe, was by
the Smiths ... about three
years ago."
June 1845 Newspaper advertisement RG, 18 June 1845
requesting 400 imp. gal. whale
oil for Naval Storekeeper at
Bermuda Yard, offering 4 s. 2
d. per gal.
24 March 1846 Boats are "quite prepared, and RG, 24 March1846
will go out as soon as the
weather moderates. As yet
there have been but few whales
seen in this neighbourhood."
Early April 1846 No whales taken through 7 RG, 7 April 1846
April but 2 struck and lost: 1
at St. David's escaped "taking
the harpoon and warp with it,"
1 at Tucker's Town "taking
with it the Harpoon, and most
of the warp."
8-11 April 1846 2 "fine" whales taken, one at RG, 14 April 1846
Somerset, one at Tucker's
Town. Also, a harpooner at St.
David's was killed while
trying to harpoon a whale.
2nd week of May 3 whales taken, 1 at Somerset, RG, 12 May 1846
1846 1 at Port Royal, 1 at St.
David's.
6 June 1846 Sperm whale (72 bbl) taken RG, 16 June1846
"off the lighthouse" by a
Nantucket brig; St. George's
crew planning to go out
whaling.
30 June 1846 3 American vessels (schooner, RG, 30 June 1846
brig, ship) seen whaling off
Bermuda, writer complains that
Bermudians should learn by
observing as they use line
"unnecessarily thick, whilst
the length is much too short"
(meaning they have to cut the
line and lose the whale too
often).
1 April 1847 First whale of season taken at RG, 6 April 1847
St. David's.
9 April 1847 2 whales taken off East End, RG, 13 April 1847
but the long towing distance
and fresh winds meant that
"the sharks attacked the
carcasses, and so destroyed
them that the boats eventually
cast them off."
10 April 1847 A whale struck but crew "was RG, 13 April 1847
obliged to cut the warp, the
boat being nearly swamped by
the whale."
14 April 1847 2 whales taken at Tucker's RG, 20 April 1847
Town; a third whale picked up
dead by St. David's crew who
expected to produce 10 bbl
from the carcass.
15, 17 April 2 whales taken at St. David's. RG, 20 April 1847
1847
22 June 1847 3 American whaling vessels RG, 22 June 1847
(schooner, brig, ship) seen
cruising near the islands for
the past 2-3 weeks, the brig
"clean," the schooner having
taken 4 whales.
8 April 1848 A whale taken at Tucker's RG, 11 April 1848
Town.
By 5 May 1848 6 whales taken thus far in BH, 5 May 1848
season, 5 at East End, 1 at
Somerset.
20 April 1849 A "fine" (40 bbl) whale found RG, 24 April 1849;
in a West End channel, BH, 26 April 1849
apparently stranded; tried out
at Somerset.
23 April 1849 2 whales (young and old) taken RG, 24 April 1849;
at St. David's. BH, 26 April 1849
4 May 1849 A whale taken at St. David's-- RG, 8 May 1849;
the third of the season BH, 10 May 1849
there.
1 June 1849 A sperm whale found dead near RG, 5 June 1849
Port Royal whaling station, a
third of it destroyed by
sharks so expected yield only
25-30 bbl.
mid-March 1850 2 American steersmen and 2 BH, 14 March 1850
harpooners arrived to assist
the Whaling Company in the
upcoming season.
2 April 1850 A "black whale" taken at RG, 9 April 1850
Tucker's Town, expected to
give a "fair return.' Judging
by the context of the article,
which refers to signaling
procedures and mentions "the
Black or common Whale," the
implication is that this meant
the humpback, as opposed to
the sperm.
9 April 1850 For a month the schooner RG, 9 April 1850
Brilliant of Bermuda had been
trying to whale but stormy
weather had repeatedly forced
it to "make a harbour."
10 April 1850 A whale taken at Smith's RG, 16 April 1850;
Island; "... but the second BH, 11 April 1850
one taken this season-though
the outfit exceeds that of any
previous year."
24, 29 April 3 whales taken, 1 at Tucker's RG, 30 April 1850
1850 Town and 2 at Smith's Island.
1st week of May 3 whales taken, 2 at Smith's RG, 7 May 1850
1850 Island, 1 at Tucker's Town.
4 June 1850 Bermuda Whaling Company "have RG, 4 June 1850
been wholly unsuccessful in
their experiment of employing
a vessel to cruise around the
Island in search of whales,
instead of pursuing the old
plan of having an
Establishment on shore. They
have not taken a single
Whale." The shareholders
decided to abandon the
project, the Brilliant was
brought in and stripped of
gear, and the boats were
hauled up.
25 March 1851 Boats from Bermuda Whaling RG, 25 March 1851
Company have been out "for
some days," but no whales
taken. Other boats out from
the Ferry, Tucker's Town, St.
David's, Smith's Island,
Somerset.
1st week of 2 whales taken, 1 at the RG, 8 April 1851
April 1851 Ferry, 1 at Port Royal, both
expected to yield 30 bbl.
"These being the first taken
this season, the demand for
the flesh was very great."
Within 4 hr from the start of
cutting, everything was gone.
"The flesh of it is said to
have been very delicate and
sweet. The good resulting
among the poor people form the
capture of a whale is
incalculable."
9 April 1851 Third whale of season taken at BH, 10 April 1851
St. David's.
Mid April 1851 4 whales taken at Tucker's RG, 15 April 1851;
Town (Herald) and perhaps 1 BH, 17 April 1851
more at Smith's Island
(Gazette).
16 April 1851 2 whales taken, 1 at St. RG, 22 April 1851
David's, 1 at Smith's Island.
Mid April 1851 A "portion of a whale" was RG, 29 April 1851
salvaged near one of the West
End channels, yielded 12 bbl.
24 June 1851 American vessels seen whaling RG, 24 June 1851
offshore for sperm whales.
Last week of A sperm whale taken at St. RG, 1 July 1851
June 1851 David's, expected to yield 15-
16 bbl (30 ft).
1 April 1852 First whale of season struck, RG, 6 April 1852
but lost, at St. David's-a
"large" animal.
6 April 1853 First whale of season taken at RG, 12 April 1853
Smith's Island. Port Royal
boats struck but lost 2 whales
(with harpoon and warp in one
instance).
Mid April 1853 "The crew of the gun-boat has RG, 12 April 1853
not yet had an opportunity of
testing the effect of this
newly invented instrument."
12-19 April 1853 3 whales taken, 1 at Tucker's RG, 19 April 1853
Town, 1 at Smith's Island, 1
at Port Royal (25 bbl, killed
with gun-harpoon). 1
additional whale struck but
lost at Smith's Island.
3-10 May 1853 3 whales taken by Port Royal
and East End crews; also a RG, 10 May 1853
shark "which had the temerity
to follow the carcass of the
whale thither [in the bay]."
Last week of A "young" whale taken at RG, 31 May 1853
May 1853 Smith's Island, and "old" one
struck but lost after
"knocking the boat to pieces."
1865 "The once flourishing Whale BB 1865 (CO 41/60)
fishery of these Islands has
declined a long time since. It
was a profitable employment,
and may yet be pursued with
advantage by employment of
persons skilled in the Trade."
1875 "There was a time when Whale BB 1875 (CO 41/70)
fishery was pursued in Bermuda
to advantage and the oil
thereby obtained met with a
ready sale for home
consumption; but the pursuit
of this industry has long
since declined, and is only
occasionally revived, and even
then the small quantity of Oil
derived is unsaleable
therefrom--Kerosene having
superseded the use of Whale
Oil for domestic purposes, and
the high protective duty
imposed on this article in the
United States of America
precludes the disposal of it
there, so that it has become
rather a drug than otherwise
in the Market."
Table 6.--Information on the Grenada Non/mechanized Shore sub-fishery
(Fishery 10.3) extracted from Grenada Blue Books for years checked,
showing activity in terms of numbers of vessels (S=ship, B=boat) and
land stations (G = Grenada, C= Carriacou), showing landings as numbers
of humpback whales (assumed in the few years where not explicitly
indicated as such), oil in volume (in gallons, or if indicated,
barrels (bbl)) and value ([pounds sterling] Sterling: pounds/
shillings/pence), and exports in volume and value. Prior to 1900 oil
was exported to British West Indies, Trinidad, and United Kingdom.
Production
Year Vessels Stations Whales Oil Oil Value
1821
1822
1830
1840
1850
1856
1857
1858
1859 1 S, 3 B 301 bbl
1860 1 S, 8 B 370 bbl 1110/0/0
1861 9 B 2 G, 1 C 17,423 2071/9/2
1862 20 B 2 G, 1 C 13,323 1322/2/6
1863 20 B Illegible 4,975 320/0/0
1864 20 B 2 G 8,668 941/10/0
1865 ca 12 B 2 G, 1 C 8,221 894/15/2
1866 7,927 990/17/10
1867 ca 12 B 2 G, 1 C 12,624 1374/6/8
1868 ca 12 B 2 G, 1 C 14,574 1643/0/6
1869 ca 12 B 2 G, 1 C 7226 845/11/0
1870 ca 12 B 2 G, 1 C 11520 1296/0/0
1871 ca 6 B 2 G 10550 1186/17/6
1872 ca 6 B 2 G 2325 190/12/6
1873 ca 6 B 2 G 4125 515/12/6
1874 ca 6 B 8175 1021/17/6
1875 ca 6 B 3210 401/5/0
1876 ca 6 B 8 3840 480/0/0
1877 ca 6 B 13 6720 840/0/0
1878 ca 6 B 6 7680 960/0/0
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894 0
1895 4 75 bbl
1896 3 35 bbl
1897 0
1898 2
1899 0
1900 2 60 bbl
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
Exported
Year Oil Oil Value Per Unit
1821
1822
1830
1840 1 bbl
1850
1856
1857
1858
1859 7,260 1,053/10/0 0/2/0
1860 Unclear Unclear
1861 17,423 2,071/9/2 0/2/4
1862 13,323 1,322/2/6 0/1/11.75
1863 4975 520/0/0 0/2/1
1864 394 bbl 941/10/0 0/2/2
1865 8,221 894/15/2 0/2/2
1866 7,927 990/17/10 0/2/6
1867 12,624 1374/6/8 0/2/2
1868 14,574 1643/0/6 0/2/2
1869 7,226 845/11/0 0/2/4
1870 11520 1296/0/0 0/2/3
1871 10550 1186/17/6 0/2/3
1872 2325 190/12/6 0/2/6
1873 4125 515/12/6 0/2/6
1874 8175 1021/17/6 0/2/6
1875 3210 401/5/0 0/2/6
1876 3840 480/0/0 0/2/6
1877 6720 840/0/0 0/2/6
1878 7680 960/0/0 0/2/6
1879 2610 326/5/0 0/2/6
1880 620 77/10/0 0/2/6
1881 1890 230/8/0 0/2/6
1882 2350 293/15/0 0/2/6
1883 250 031/5/0 0/2/6
1884
1885 1300 162/10/0 0/2/6
1886
1887
1888
1889 280 28/0/0 0/2/0
1890 342 42/15/0 0/2/6
1891
1892 1179 184/17/6
1893 562.5
1894
1895 1723 139/5/9
1896 900 24/13/8
1897
1898 170 7/10/0
1899
1900 1381 55/2/4
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920 1620 461/0/0
1921 160 50/0/0
1922
1923 2110 295/0/0
Year Comments
1821 Whaling not mentioned
1822 Whaling not mentioned
1830 Whaling not mentioned
1840
1850 Whaling not mentioned
1856 Whaling not mentioned
1857 Whaling not mentioned
1858 Whaling not mentioned
1859
1860 exported 6,498 gal of Fish Oil to BWI (@ 0/3/6 per gal)
1861 exported as "Fish Oil"
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868 an additional 150 gal of whale oil produced by British,
foreign, or other colonial vessels
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879 2,430 gal oil exported to BWI l and 180 gal to UK
1880
1881 "Whale fishing is ... carried on"; 1,290 gal oil exported to UK
and 600 gal to BWI
1882 "Whale fishing is ... carried on"
1883 "Whale fishing is ... carried on"
1884 "Whale fishing is ... carried on"
1885 "Whale fishing is ... carried on"
1886 "Whale fishing is ... carried on"
1887 "Whale fishing is ... carried on"
1888 "Whale fishing is ... carried on"
1889 "Whale fishing is ... carried on"
1890 "Whale fishing is ... carried on"
1891 "Whale fishing is ... carried on"
1892 "Whale fishing is ... carried on"
1893 "Whale fishing is ... carried on"
1894 "Whale fishing is ... carried on but no whales were taken in
1894"
1895 "Whale fishing is ... carried on..."; 1,083 gal oil to BWI,
640 to UK
1896 "Whale fishing is ... carried on 700 gal oil to UK, 200 to
BWI
1897 "Whale fishing is ... carried on ..."
1898 "Whale fishing is ... carried on ..."
1899 "Whale fishing is ... carried on ..."
1900 "Whale fishing is ... carried on ..."
1901 "Whale fishing is ... carried on"
1902 "Whale fishing is ... carried on"; petroleum oil exported to
Venezuela and Dutch West Indies, plus "other" oils to BWI
(47 1/2 gal worth 9/11/4) and Venezuela (127 1/6 gal worth
18/18/8)
1903 54 1/2 gal "other" oils (i.e. not petroleum) exported to
Venezuela
1904 237 gal "other" oils exported to Venezuela (worth 11/5/5)
1905 136 2/3 gal "other" oils exported to Venezuela (11/5/5)
1906 5 gal "other" oils exported to Venezuela (0/8/6)
1907 51 gal "other" oils exported: 7 1/2 to BWI, 43 1/2 to Venezuela
(worth 7/7/9 all told)
1908 3 gal "other" oils exported to BWI (0/10/0)
1909 93 2/3 gal "other" oils exported to BWI (10/8/4)
1910 15 gal "other" oils exported to United States, 83 1/3 to BWI,
5 to Venezuela (worth 13/6/1 all told)
1911 1,726 gal "other" oils exported to UK (283/16/0), 1022 1/3 to
BWI (96/4/0); total of 2748 1/3 gal (480/0/0)
1912 480 gal "other kinds" of oil exported to UK (101/3/6), 5 to
United States (1/7/6), 47 to Venezuela (8/17/17)
1913 3 gal "other kinds" of oil exported to UK (0/16/8), 20 to
United States (4/2/6), 2 to BWI (0/5/3)
1914 5 gal "other kinds" of oil (besides kerosene) exported to
Venezuela (1/5/0), 13 1/6 to BWI (5/4/2); total of 18 1/16
gal (6/9/2)
1915 2 gal "other kinds" of oil exported to UK (10/0/0; sic)
1916 10 gal "other kinds" of oil exported, recipient country not
indicated (2/17/6)
1917 2 gal "other kinds" of oil exported to Venezuela (0/14/0)
1918 112 gal "other kinds" of oil exported to UK (40/13/4)
1919 20 gal "other kinds" of oil exported to Great Britain "from
this colony" (16/0/0), 16 gal from "other produce" to United
States (13/0/0), plus 3 pounds worth to BWI also from "other
produce"
1920 "There is a small whaling industry"
1921 "There is a small whaling industry"
1922 "There is a small whaling industry"
1923 "There is a small whaling industry"; 1,760 gal whale oil
exported to UK (233/0/0), 350 to Barbados (62/0/0)
Table 7.--Information on the St. Lucia Non-mechanized shore sub-
fishery (Fishery 10.5) from the St. Lucia Blue Books showing, for each
year checked, the exported volume of whale oil (gallons or if
indicated, barrels (bbl) or "packages" (pkgs)), the value of exported
oil ([pounds sterling] sterling: pounds/shillings/pence), and where
exported.
Year Oil Value Exported to
1825
1829
1835
1840
1845
1850
1855
1860
1865
1870
1873
1876
1879 6,200 620/0/0 United States
1882 1,440 144/0/0 United States
1885 7,120 153/0/0 Barbados, Dominica
1886 7,365 458/6/8 United States
1887 9,661 1425/10/5 United States
1888 3,445 416/13/4 United States
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893 9 pkgs 10/4/2000 St. Vincent
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899 5 bbl 8/0/0 UK
1900 250 10/0/0 UK
1901 15 pkgs 32/14/0 United States (14),
Montserrat (1)
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1908
1910
Year Comments
1825 Whaling not mentioned
1829 Whaling not mentioned
1835 Whaling not mentioned
1840 Whaling not mentioned
1845 Whaling not mentioned
1850 Whaling not mentioned
1855 Whaling not mentioned
1860 Whaling not mentioned; 75 "packages" of oil exported to
Barbados (worth 75/0/0) but no suggestion this was whale oil
1865 Whaling not mentioned; 360 gal of "fish oil" exported to Great
Britain (worth 36/0/0) but no suggestion this was whale oil
1870 Whaling not mentioned; olive and "fish" oil exported but no
suggestion of any whale oil
1873 Whaling not mentioned; kerosene and "fish" oil exported but no
suggestion of any whale oil
1876 "Vessels of any size employed in Whale fishing off the Coasts
of St. Lucia" are taxed at 1 shilling per ton, "payable once a
year on first arrival"
1879 "Whale-fishing is carried on by foreign vessels in the waters
of and adjacent to St. Lucia"; tax now 1 shilling and 8 pence
per ton
1882 "Whale-fishing is carried on by foreign vessels in the waters
of and adjacent to St. Lucia"
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889 Whaling not mentioned
1890 6 packages of unspecified oils exported to British Guiana (17/
0/0) and French West Indies (4/8/8)
1891 Whaling not mentioned
1892 Whaling not mentioned
1893 The exported whale oil described not as "Produce ... of the
Colony" but instead as "British, Foreign and other Colonial
Produce ..."
1894 Whaling not mentioned
1895 Whaling not mentioned
1896 Whaling not mentioned
1897 Whaling not mentioned
1898 Whaling not mentioned
1899 The exported whale oil described not as "Produce ... of the
Colony" but instead as "British, Foreign and other Colonial
Produce ..."
1900
1901 The exported whale oil described not as "Produce ... of the
Colony" but instead as "British, Foreign and other Colonial
Produce ..."
1902 Whaling not mentioned
1903 Whaling not mentioned
1904 Whaling not mentioned
1905 Whaling not mentioned
1906 Whaling not mentioned
1908 Whaling not mentioned
1910 2 1/2 tons of "Whale Bone" exported to Barbados (worth 6/5/0) |
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