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Future of biomaterials, tissue engineering and drug
delivery: impact of nanotechnology.
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| Article Type: | Editorial |
| Subject: |
Biomedical materials
(Usage) Tissue engineering (Forecasts and trends) Drug delivery systems (Technology application) Nanotechnology (Research) Drugs (Vehicles) Drugs (Technology application) |
| Authors: |
Paul, Willi Sharma, Chandra P. |
| Pub Date: | 01/01/2012 |
| Publication: | Name: Trends in Biomaterials and Artificial Organs Publisher: Society for Biomaterials and Artificial Organs Audience: Academic Format: Magazine/Journal Subject: Health Copyright: COPYRIGHT 2012 Society for Biomaterials and Artificial Organs ISSN: 0971-1198 |
| Issue: | Date: Jan, 2012 Source Volume: 26 Source Issue: 1 |
| Topic: | Event Code: 010 Forecasts, trends, outlooks; 310 Science & research Computer Subject: Market trend/market analysis; Technology application |
| Product: | Product Code: 2834030 Drug Delivery Systems NAICS Code: 325412 Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing |
| Geographic: | Geographic Scope: India Geographic Code: 9INDI India |
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| Accession Number: | 304842706 |
| Full Text: |
Nanotechnology has been practiced from ancient time without even
being known about it. Roman glass cage cup known as "Lycurgus
Cup" is believed to be made in Alexandria during AD 290-325 period.
This has been made by mixing a small amount of gold with glass which
turned red when illuminated by light [1]. The technology behind it is
known now being colloidal gold. In transmitted light, nanoparticles
scatter the blue end of the spectrum more effectively than the red end,
resulting in red transmission. Nanotubes and nanoparticles are now
utilized in our day to day life like sunglasses, suncreams, computer
hard drives etc. Nature is all about nanoscale structures. Silk is the
best example of nature nanotechnology where the molecules are arranged
in a specific set to form crosslinks giving its strength. Bone is
another example where nanocrystals of calcium phosphate and nano fibres
of collagen form a strong natural composite. The present day trend
around the world is to translate nanotechnology research into
commercialization. The first nanoparticle based drug approved by FDA is
Abraxane. Today there are over a dozen commercial products based on
nanotechnology [2]. Present application of nanotechnology in medicine
includes 1. Controlled delivery of proteins and growth factors in
regenerative medicine for regeneration of endogenous tissues; 2.
Nanoscaffolds and 3D constructs for cell delivery and tissue engineered
scaffold; 3. Development of biomimetic materials for mimicking
biological molecules and for molecular signaling. This also helps in
stimulating specific cellular response at molecular level for
regeneration of living tissues. Biomimetic materials or biomimetic
surface modifications at nano-level and release of ions can modify the
interaction of proteins and blood cells with the medical devices making
it more blood and tissue compatible [3,4]. The global biomaterials market for 2011 was estimated at US$37.6 billion and has been projected to increase at a CAGR of 14% (2007-2017) to reach US$83.9 billion by 2017 (Biomaterials--A Global Market Overview, April 2011, Industry Experts USA). The biomaterial device market includes all product devices manufactured using biomaterials, such as cardiovascular, orthopedics, plastic surgery, gastrointestinal, urological, wound care, etc. The global market for tissue engineering and regeneration products reached $55.9 billion in 2010, was expected to reach $59.8 billion by 2011, and projected to grow to $89.7 billion by 2016 at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.4% (Tissue Engineering and Regeneration: Technologies and Global Markets, January 2012, BCC Research USA). This includes bioengineered products that are themselves cells or are actively stimulating cell growth or regeneration, products that often represent a combination of biotechnology, medical device and pharmaceutical technologies. The largest segment in the overall market for regenerative medicine technologies and products comprises orthopedic applications. Other key sectors are cardiac and vascular disease, neurological diseases, diabetes, inflammatory diseases and dental decay and injury. The Indian market for medical devices was valued at around US$2.7 billion in 2011. Despite strong growth rates, the market remains disproportionately small, ranking among the top 20 in the world but with low per capita spending (US2$). Percentage of health expenditure is only 3.7% with a growth rate of 15.5% (The Outlook for Medical Devices in Brazil, Russia, India & China. Espicom business intelligence). Global Markets indicate that nanotech-enabled drug delivery therapeutics is set to grow from a current value of $2.3 billion to $136 billion by the year 2021. This sector will therefore represent approximately 15% of the global nanotechnology market in 2021. There are few challenges in commercializing nanotechnology such as high processing costs, problems in the scalability of R&D for prototype and industrial production, the basic research orientation of the related sciences, concerns about environment, health and safety including nanotoxicity etc. However, utilizing nanotechnology, can contribute towards cost effectiveness and competitiveness, reduction of the size of the medical devices and prevention of devices induced infection can be addressed. References [1.] I. Freestone, N. Meeks, M. Sax, C. Higgitt, The Lycurgus Cup--A Roman nanotechnology, Gold Bulletin, 40(4), 270-277 (2007). [2.] V. Wagner, A. Dullaart, A.K. Bock, A. Zweck, The emerging nanomedicine landscape, Nature Biotechnology, 24, 1211-1217 (2006). [3.] T. Chandy, C.P. Sharma, Effect of liposome albumin coating on ferric ion retention and release from chitosan beads, Biomaterials, 17, 61-66 (1996). [4.] K. Kaladhar, C.P. Sharma, Supported Cell Mimetic Monolayers and their Blood Compatibility, in Advanced Biomaterials: Fundamentals, Processing, and Applications (eds B. Basu, D. S. Katti and A. Kumar), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA (2010). Willi Paul, Chandra P. Sharma * Division of Biosurface Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India * Corresponding author: sharmacp@sctimst.ac.in |
| Gale Copyright: | Copyright 2012 Gale, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. |