Mammographic density (MD) is a strong risk factor for breast cancer, but the biological mechanism underlying this association is not clear. Current adult body mass index (BMI) is inversely associated with percent MD; however, few studies have included Hispanic women or evaluated associations with measures of body fatness earlier in ...

Vitamin D deficiency is a major public health problem, needing immediate attention. We studied the effect of vitamin D fortification of milk in school children. Our results show that fortification of milk is safe and effective strategy to deal with widespread vitamin D deficiency. INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D deficiency among school ...

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative ultrasound imaging is used in brain tumor surgery to identify tumor remnants. The ultrasound images may in some cases be more difficult to interpret in the later stages of the operation than in the beginning of the operation. The aim of this paper is to explain the causes ...

As the aging of the population advances, the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or low-dose aspirin (LDA) is increasing. Their use is accompanied by a risk of serious complications, such as hemorrhage or perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, gastroprotective strategies upon the prescription of NSAIDs/LDA are outlined in ...

Background:Prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized by high tumor heterogeneity. In 2005, the fusion between the androgen-regulated gene TMPRSS2 and members of the ETS family was discovered in prostate cancer. In particular, fusion of TMPRSS2 with ERG was found in approximately 50% of prostate cancers and considered as an early event ...

To review the discoveries underpinning the introduction of cerebral PET scanning and highlight its modern applications. Important discoveries in neurophysiology, brain metabolism, and radiotracer development in the post-World War II period provided the necessary infrastructure for the first cerebral PET scan. A complete review of the literature was undertaken to ...

OBJECTIVES: Anti-TNF therapies are highly effective in rheumatoid (RA) and psoriatic (PsA) arthritis but a significant number of patients exhibit partial or no therapeutic response. Inflammation alters local and systemic metabolism and TNF plays a role in this. We sought to determine if the patient's metabolic fingerprint prior to therapy ...

Background: Hemiarthroplasty is a common procedure for treating femoral neck fractures in orthogeriatrics. For training purposes the operation may also be performed by supervised residents. Our study aims at evaluating the rates of early surgical complications after hemiarthroplasty in different age groups, comparing operations performed by consultants and residents.Methods: All ...

As a key element in the cytoskeleton, actin filaments are highly dynamic structures that constantly sustain forces. However, the fundamental question of how force regulates actin dynamics is unclear. Using atomic force microscopy force-clamp experiments, we show that tensile force regulates G-actin/G-actin and G-actin/F-actin dissociation kinetics by prolonging bond lifetimes ...

Magnetic PLGA nanoparticles are a significant advancement in the quest to translate MRI-based cell tracking to the clinic. The benefits of these types of particles are that they encapsulate large amounts of iron oxide nanocrystals within an FDA-approved polymer matrix, combining the best aspects of inert micron-sized iron oxide particles, ...

After reactivation, apparently stable memories may reenter an unstable state in which they are modifiable, requiring another phase of stabilization, called reconsolidation. Recent evidence shows that during reconsolidation, reactivated memories may be updated by the incorporation of new information. In the present study, we examined whether the updating of episodic ...

The treatment landscape and biological understanding of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) has shifted dramatically in recent years. Recent studies have shown that somatostatin analogs have the potential to not only control symptoms of hormone hypersecretion, but also have the ability to slow tumor growth in patients with advanced carcinoid. The results ...

AIM: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a treatment option with curative intent for selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). CRS and HIPEC were implemented in Denmark at a single centre since 2006. Six-year data of these patients were analyzed. METHODS: Patients with PC from colorectal ...

The development of new therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative pathophysiologies currently stands at a crossroads. This presents an opportunity to transition future drug discovery efforts to target disease modification, an area in which much still remains unknown. In this Perspective we examine recent progress in the areas of neurodegenerative ...

A Californian Cabernet Sauvignon was stored for 6 months at three different constant temperatures to study the combined effects of storage temperature and packaging configuration. Glass bottles with natural cork, synthetic cork and screw cap closure, as well as two Bag-in-Box treatments were used in the experiment. A trained sensory ...

This study examined how increased stress in Latino families following an adolescent's childbearing impacts family relationships and the adolescent's siblings. Participants were 243 Mexican American youth (mean age: 13.7 years; 62% girls), or 121 youth who had a pregnant adolescent sister and 122 youth who had an adolescent sister who ...

Intervention studies indicate that children's early child-care experiences can be leveraged to foster their development of effective self-regulation skills. It is less clear whether typical child-care experiences play a similar role. In addition, evidence suggests that children with a common variant of the DRD4 gene (48-bp VNTR, 7-repeat) may be ...

Lack of independence of data points or the pooling fallacy has been suggested as a potential problem in the study of handedness in nonhuman primates, particularly as it relates to whether hand use responses should be recorded as individual events or bouts of activity. Here, I argue that there is ...

The impact of a severe influenza pandemic could be overwhelming to hospital emergency departments, clinics, and medical offices if large numbers of ill people were to simultaneously seek care. While current planning guidance to reduce surge on hospitals and other medical facilities during a pandemic largely focuses on improving the ...

People have strong intuitions about the influence objects exert upon one another when they collide. Because people's judgments appear to deviate from Newtonian mechanics, psychologists have suggested that people depend on a variety of task-specific heuristics. This leaves open the question of how these heuristics could be chosen, and how ...

The catabolic cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) and endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are well-known inflammatory mediators involved in degenerative disc disease, and inhibitors of IL-1 and LPS may potentially be used to slow or prevent disc degeneration in vivo. Here, we elucidate the striking anti-catabolic and anti-inflammatory effects of bovine lactoferricin (LfcinB) in ...

Reduced fetal growth is associated with increased systolic blood pressure. Recently, we found an inverse association between serum ω-3 fatty acids and systolic blood pressure in young adults born with impaired fetal growth. We investigated the associations of dietary intake in childhood of the long-chain ω-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid ...

The present study examined the impact of the developmental timing of trauma exposure on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and psychosocial functioning in a large sample of community-dwelling older adults (N = 1,995). Specifically, we investigated whether the negative consequences of exposure to traumatic events were greater for traumas experienced ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this trial was to assess if the nonremoval of abutments placed at the time of surgery would improve bone and gingival healing around single immediately restored implants placed in postextraction sockets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients received a single square-threaded tapered implant placed in postextraction sockets ...

Venous thrombosis can complicate inflammatory bowel diseases, both in adult and pediatric patients, and a few adult cases of thrombotic storm, ie, thrombosis at multiple sites occurring over a period of a few days to a few weeks, have been described. However, venous thrombosis as the first manifestation of an ...

Research has shown that living with sickle cell disease (SCD) can be a considerable challenge. Unfortunately, although it is Jamaica's most common genetic disorder, to date, no qualitative research has been conducted on Jamaicans' experiences of SCD. We conducted thematic analysis on transcripts of in-depth semistructured interviews with 30 patients ...

Summary Studies among migrants show that they are more susceptible to HIV infection than the general population and thereby spread the epidemic from high prevalence to low prevalence areas. It is therefore critical to enhance the body of knowledge on factors associated with condom use among migrants. This study, conducted ...

Ageing is associated with a decline in muscle mass and strength leading to increased physical dependency in old age. Post-menopausal women experience a greater decline than men of similar age in parallel with the decrease in female sex steroid hormone production. We recruited six monozygous female twin pairs (55 - ...

BACKGROUND: Infantile hemangioma (IH) clearance may be slow or incomplete in response to pulsed dye laser (PDL) or propranolol alone. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether IH treated with PDL and propranolol displayed more rapid and complete clearance than IH treated with propranolol alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of facial-segmental IH ...

ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility and efficacy of Z-palatoplasty for the management of severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in patients with tonsils.Study DesignCase series and chart review.SettingUniversity hospital.MethodsZ-palatoplasty and coblation channeling of the tongue were performed in 36 patients with body mass index <40 kg/m2 and size 1 or 2 tonsils. ...

The antioxidant property of the 70% aqueous ethanol extract of Phyllanthus amarus roots and its ether-soluble, ethyl acetate-soluble and aqueous fractions were investigated by various in vitro assays. The root extracts showed higher DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide, and nitric oxide radical scavenging, and reducing power activity. Among all the samples, ethyl ...

BACKGROUND: Renal replacement therapy (RRT) has been implemented extensively in people to facilitate recovery from acute renal failure (ARF). RRT has not been explored in horses, but might provide a further treatment option in horses with ARF. OBJECTIVE: To investigate efficacy and safety of RRT in horses. ANIMALS: Five healthy ...

Background: In 2009, the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM)/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) published "Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient." To improve our surgery residents' understanding of intensive care unit (ICU) nutrition, we developed a nutrition ...

The role of halogen bonds in self-assembled networks for systems with Br and I ligands has recently been studied with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), which provides physical insight at the atomic scale. Here, we study the supramolecular interactions of 1,5-dichloroanthraquinone molecules on Au(111), including Cl ligands, by using STM. Two ...

Disk imaging involves copying all of the data from a source disk drive to a target. Typically, the target for the copy is another disk drive. Forensic processes developed years ago do not appear to be adequate for current storage technology. For example, with disk drive capacities now exceeding 1 ...

Second harmonic generation from plasmonic nanoantennas is investigated numerically using a surface integral formulation for the calculation of both the fundamental and the second harmonic electric field. The comparison between a realistic and an idealized gold nanoantenna shows that second harmonic generation is extremely sensitive to asymmetry in the nanostructure ...

Locally probing chemical reactions or catalytic processes on surfaces under realistic reaction conditions has remained one of the main challenges in materials science and heterogeneous catalysis. Where conventional surface interrogation techniques usually require high-vacuum conditions or ensemble average measurements, plasmonic nanoparticles excel in extreme light focusing and can produce highly-confined ...

Heterogeneous catalysts, often consisting of metal nanoparticles supported on high-surface-area oxide solids, are common in industrial chemical reactions. Researchers have increasingly recognized the importance of oxides in heterogeneous catalysts: that they are not just a support to help the dispersion of supported metal nanoparticles, but rather interact with supported metal ...

Accurate quantification of pharmacokinetic parameters in dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI may be affected by the passive diffusion of contrast agent (CA) within the tissue. By introducing an additional term into the standard Tofts-Kety (STK) model, we correct for the effects of CA diffusion. We first develop the theory describing a ...

Sample size calculations are advocated by the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) group to justify sample sizes in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This study aimed to analyse the reporting of sample size calculations in trials published as RCTs in orthodontic speciality journals. The performance of sample size calculations was ...

Polyamines are ubiquitous organic cations implicated in many physiological processes. Because they are positively charged at physiological pH, carrier-mediated systems are necessary for effective membrane permeation, but the identity of specific polyamine transporter proteins in eukaryotic cells remains unclear. Polyspecific organic cation transporters (OCTs) interact with many natural and xenobiotic ...

PURPOSETo develop an evidence-based guideline on central venous catheter (CVC) care for patients with cancer that addresses catheter type, insertion site, and placement as well as prophylaxis and management of both catheter-related infection and thrombosis. METHODSA systematic search of MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library (1980 to July 2012) identified relevant ...

OBJECTIVE:We examined long-term outcomes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a population-based sample of childhood ADHD cases and controls, prospectively assessed as adults.METHODS:Adults with childhood ADHD and non-ADHD controls from the same birth cohort (N = 5718) were invited to participate in a prospective outcome study. Vital status was determined for ...

Introduction: Sunitinib , a broad-spectrum multikinase inhibitor, was recently approved for use in progressive, well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs). Its mechanism of action affects various signaling cascades involving antiangiogenesis and tumor proliferation, including vascular endothelial growth factors and platelet-derived growth factors. Areas covered: In this article, we review sunitinib's mechanism ...

Objective. To determine if specific components of the medical home are differentially associated with beneficial child outcomes. Methods. Logistic regression was used to model each component (family-centeredness, comprehensive care, and care coordination) with health care utilization, child health, and health promoting behaviors in 81 232 subjects from the 2003 National ...

The laboratory mouse model of Lyme disease has revealed that Borrelia burgdorferi differentially expresses numerous outer surface proteins that influence different stages of infection (tick-borne transmission, tissue colonization, dissemination, persistence, and tick acquisition). Deletion of two such outer surface proteins, decorin-binding proteins A and B (DbpA/B), has been documented to ...

We demonstrate a microfluidic platform for the controlled aggregation of colloidal silver nanoparticles using surface acoustic waves (SAWs), enabling surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analysis of oxidative damage in cells. We show that by varying the frequency and the power of the acoustic energy, it is possible to modulate the ...

We investigate use of nanomechanical torsional resonators for frequency-shift-based infrared (IR) thermal sensing. Nanoscale torsion rods, ~1μm long and 50-100nm in diameter, provide both extraordinary thermal isolation and excellent angular displacement and torque sensitivities, of order ~10-7 rad.Hz-1/2 and ~10-22 (N.m) Hz-1/2, respectively. Furthermore, these nanorods act as linear torsional ...

The nucleoprotein (NP) binds the viral RNA genome and associates with the polymerase in a ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) required for transcription and replication of Influenza A virus. NP has no cellular counterpart and NP sequence is highly conserved, which led at considering NP a hot target in the search for ...

OBJECTIVES: The current preliminary study investigated whether deficits in mindfulness (awareness, attentiveness, and acceptance of the present experience) may underlie the relationship of borderline personality disorder (BPD) features to self-injury and overall acts of harmful dysregulated behavior. METHOD: Nonparametric bootstrapping procedures were used to examine theoretical relationships among variables in ...