Abstract Purpose. To determine if changes in physical activity were associated with changes in fruit and vegetable intake. Design. Prospective cohort. Setting. Hawaii. Subjects. Seven hundred adults (18+ years) sampled from the general population. Measures. Computer-assisted telephone interviews conducted at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months; the ...

The analysis of burned human remains has been of great interest among forensic anthropologists largely due to the difficulty that their recovery, classification, reconstruction, and identification present. The main purpose of this analysis is to present histological methodology for the interpretation of bones altered by thermal processes. We include analyses ...

Depression in fathers has been associated with impaired parenting, which, in turn, may function as a central environmental mechanism underlying the adverse effects of paternal depression on children's development. Despite this, evidence suggests that many depressed fathers are able to maintain positive relationships with their children, and little is known ...

We present a theoretical framework and a simplified simulation model for the co-evolution of knowledge and event memory, both termed SARKAE (Storing and Retrieving Knowledge and Events). Knowledge is formed through the accrual of individual events, a process that operates in tandem with the storage of individual event memories. In ...

PNA does it better: Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers were attached to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) through a variety of mono- and trithiol linkers. These functionalized particles had sufficient stability for sequence-specific self-assembly onto gold surfaces in the absence of ions or surfactants. The nanoparticle surface densities obtained were superior to ...

Preeclampsia is characterized by an imbalance in angiogenic factors. Urinary prolactin (PRL) levels and its antiangiogenic PRL fragments have been associated with disease severity. In this study, we assessed whether these biomarkers are associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in preeclamptic women. We studied 501 ...

Tail-anchored (TA) proteins are anchored into cellular membranes by a single transmembrane domain (TMD) close to the C terminus. Although the targeting of TA proteins to peroxisomes is dependent on PEX19, the mechanistic details of PEX19-dependent targeting and the signal that directs TA proteins to peroxisomes have remained elusive, particularly ...

In 3 studies we explored when 3-year-olds would imitate novel words in utterances produced by adult speakers. Child and experimenter took turns in requesting objects from a game master. The experimenter always went first and always preceded the object's familiar name with a novel adjective (e.g., "the dilsige duck"). In ...

Background: Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is the most common diverticulum of the small bowel and an important finding in surgical practice. The aim of this study was to assess the safety of the resection of symptomatic and asymptomatic MD concerning postoperative complications. As MD are relatively rare, an overview of the ...

Oxygen tension plays an important role in the regulation of cellular processes. During hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation, HSCs migrate from one stem cell niche to the next, each with a different oxygen tension that determines which signalling pathways are on and off, determining the differentiation stage of the cell. ...

The surface properties of hybrid materials (potential carriers for sustained release of active agents) have been examined by inverse gas chromatography. A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, ibuprofen, was used as a model for active compound. The following parameters have been used to characterize the interactions between the constituents of the hybrid ...

OBJECTIVE:Historically, many children and adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) were underweight. Treatment advances like hydroxyurea have been associated with improved growth. We hypothesized that increased hemoglobin (Hb) levels would be associated with increased weight status of children with SCD.METHODS:Investigators at 6 institutions conducted a retrospective chart review of all ...

INTRODUCTION: Secondhand smoke contains a mixture of pollutants that can persist in air, dust, and on surfaces for months or longer. This persistent residue is known as thirdhand smoke (THS). Here, we detail a simple method of wipe sampling for nicotine as a marker of accumulated THS on surfaces. METHODS: ...

Adults tend to like individuals who are similar to themselves, and a growing body of recent research suggests that even infants and young children prefer individuals who share their attributes or personal tastes over those who do not. In this study, we examined the nature and development of attitudes toward ...

The chemical composition and the magnetic structure of individual La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) ferromagnetic manganite epitaxial nanostructures less than 200 nm in width are explored using Photoemission Electron Microscopy (PEEM). X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) provide separate information on the surface and the bulk composition of the nanoislands and give evidence of Mn2+ ...

BACKGROUND: Studies of genetic association between TOR1A and adult-onset primary torsion dystonia have contradictory results. METHODS: The authors genotyped TOR1A single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1801968, rs2296793, rs1182 and rs3842225 in a cohort of clinically well characterized cervical dystonia patients (n=367) and constructed haplotypes. The authors systematically reviewed the published case-control TOR1A ...

A simple approach for quantification of methyl-containing side-chain mobility in high molecular weight methyl-protonated, uniformly deuterated proteins is described, based on the measurement of peak intensities in methyl 1H-13C HMQC and HSQC correlation maps and relaxation rates of slowly-decaying components of methyl 1H-13C multiple-quantum coherences. A strength of the method ...

The present work describes the synthesis, characterization, and application of a new ion-tagged iron catalyst. The catalyst was employed in the Biginelli reaction with impressive performance. High yields have been achieved when the reaction was carried out in imidazolium-based ionic liquids (BMI⋅PF6 , BMI⋅NTf2 , and BMI⋅BF4 ), thus showing ...

Epigenetic information is an important mediator of the relationship between genotype and phenotype in eukaryotic organisms. One of the most important and widely conserved forms of epigenetic information is the methylation of genes. However, the function of intragenic DNA methylation remains poorly understood. The goal of this study was to ...

Methyl mercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxicant with adverse effects on the development of the nervous system from fish to man. Despite a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which MeHg affects cellular homeostasis, it is still not clear how MeHg causes developmental neurotoxicity. We performed here a genome-wide transcriptional ...

We report here that C6orf89, which encodes a protein that interacts with bombesin receptor subtype-3 and accelerates cell cycle progression and wound repair in human bronchial epithelial cells (Liu et al. PLoS One 2011), encodes one soluble and two type II membrane proteins that function as histone deacetylases (HDAC) enhancers. ...

In the last few years there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine and these drugs are gaining popularity both in developing and developed countries because of their natural origin and lesser side effects. Syzygium cumini (syn. Eugenia jambolana, Syzygium jambolana, Eugenia cumini, Syzygium jambos) commonly ...

BACKGROUND: Acute work-related trauma is a leading cause of death and disability for U.S. workers but it is difficult to obtain information about injured workers not covered by workers' compensation (WC). This study aimed to: (1) describe trends in expected payer and linkage to WC claims, (2) compare characteristics of ...

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are one of the major factors limiting the immune response in cancer. However, their role in bone marrow (BM), the site of primary localization of multiple myeloma (MM), is poorly understood. In this study, we found a significant accumulation of CD11b+CD14-CD33+ immunosuppressive MDSC in BM of ...

OBJECTIVE: To study changes in lipid profiles at 24 weeks among early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients participating in the Treatment of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (TEAR) Trial randomized to initiate methotrexate plus etanercept (MTX+ETA), triple therapy (TT) [MTX plus sulfasalazine plus hydroxychloroquine] or aggressively-titrated MTX monotherapy. METHODS: The TEAR biorepository study ...

We have performed a density functional theory (DFT) investigation of the interactions of H2O2, H2O and HO radicals with clusters of ZrO2, TiO2 and Y2O3. Different modes of H2O adsorption onto the clusters were studied. In almost all the cases the dissociative adsorption is more exothermic than molecular adsorption. At ...

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to discuss the outcomes of treating calcaneal fracture malunion by restoring the subtalar joint with a reconstructive osteotomy. METHODS: From May 2005 to November 2008, 24 patients (26 feet) with calcaneal malunions after a displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture were treated by osteotomy and ...

Although the Manchester system is still extensively used to prescribe dose in brachytherapy (BT) for locally advanced cervix cancer, many radiation oncology centers are transitioning to 3D image-guided BT, owing to the excellent anatomy definition offered by modern imaging modalities. As automatic dose optimization is highly desirable for 3D image-based ...

Abstract Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. It was shown that bacteriophage therapy is an effective method of combating bacterial infections, including infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. One of the main obstacles to widespread use of phage preparations is limited knowledge regarding the influence of bacteriophages on human organisms. ...

Although the requirements for heat dissipation during exercise are determined by the necessity for heat balance, few studies have considered them when examining sweat production and its potential modulators. Rather, the majority of studies have used an experimental protocol based on a fixed percent of maximum oxygen uptake (%VO2max). Using ...

Abstract Purpose. The purpose of this study was to test if moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in less than the recommended ≥10-minute bouts related to weight outcomes. Design. Secondary data analysis. Setting. Random sample from the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ...

The purpose of this study was to get mechanistic insights into the effect of different formulation parameters on the degradation and release behavior of protein-loaded nanoparticulate carrier systems based on an aliphatic polyester with pendant hydroxyl groups, poly(lactic-co-glycolic-hydroxymethyl glycolic acid) (pLGHMGA). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a model ...

This work proposes a method of roughness parameter (RP) selection for novel manufacturing processes or processes where little knowledge exists about which RPs are important. The method selects a single parameter to represent a group of highly correlated parameters. Single point incremental forming (SPIF) is used as the case study ...

Poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) are an important class of technologically relevant materials. However, charac-terization of well-defined polyionic materials remains a chal-lenge. Herein, we have developed a simple and versatile gel permeation chromatography (GPC) methodology for mo-lecular weight characterization of PILs with a variety of ani-ons. PILs with narrow molecular weight distribution ...

Previous osmotic pressure studies of two non-homologous dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzymes found tighter binding of the NADPH cofactor upon addition of neutral osmolytes. This result is consistent with water release accompanying binding. In contrast, osmotic stress studies found weaker binding of the dihydrofolate (DHF) substrate for both type I and ...

The real magnitude of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug resistance in Saudi Arabia is still unknown because the available data are based on retrospective laboratory studies limited to hospitals or cities. A representative national survey was therefore conducted to investigate the levels and patterns of anti-TB drug resistance and explore risk factors. ...

We experimentally determine the order of multi-photon induced luminescence of aluminum nanoantennas fabricated on a non-conductive substrate using electron-beam lithography to be 2.11 (±0.10). Furthermore, we optically characterize these nanostructures via linear dark-field microscopy and nonlinear multi-photon laser excitation. We hereby observe a splitting of peak positions when the antenna ...

The sugar capsule Capsular Polysaccharide A (CPSA), which coats the surface of the mammalian symbiont Bacteroides fragilis, is a key mediator of mammalian immune system development. In addition, this sugar polymer has shown therapeutic potential in animal models of Multiple Sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders. The structure of the CPSA ...

We review and discuss recent progress in the field of nematic colloids, with an emphasis on possible future applications in photonics. The role of the topology is described, based on experimental manipulations of the topological defects in nematic colloids. The topology of the ordering field in nematics provides the forces ...

IMPORTANCE Hospitalizations of infants for bronchiolitis are common and costly. Despite the high incidence and resource burden of bronchiolitis, the mainstay of treatment remains supportive care, which frequently includes nasal suctioning. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between suctioning device type and suctioning lapses greater than 4 hours within the first ...

True posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysm is an aneurysm that originates from the PCoA, and large or giant true PCoA aneurysms are rare. We report a case of a large true PCoA aneurysm successfully clipped after anterior clinoidectomy and discuss the diagnostic pitfalls associated with this rare clinical entity.

Background. American Indian women in the Northern Plains have a high incidence of cervical cancer. We assessed attitudes on vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) in this population. Method. In partnership with two tribal communities, from 2007 to 2009, we surveyed women 18 to 65 years old attending two reservation clinics ...

K-Ras is frequently mutated in human cancers. Mutant (mt) K-Ras can stimulate both oncogenic transformation and apoptosis through activation of ERK and AKT pathways and the MST2 pathway, respectively. The biological outcome is determined by the balance and crosstalk between these pathways. In colorectal cancer (CRC) K-Ras mutation is negatively ...

Innexin is the molecular component of invertebrate gap junctions. Here we successfully expressed and purified Caenorhabditis elegans innexin-6 (INX-6) gap junction channels, and characterized the molecular dimensions and channel permeability using electron microscopy (EM) and microinjection of fluorescent dye tracers, respectively. Negative staining and thin-section EM of isolated INX-6 gap ...

We describe virus variations from patients with influenza-like illness before and after the appearance of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Kenya during January 2008-July 2011. A total of 11,592 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from consenting patients. Seasonal influenza B, A/H1N1, A/H3N2, A/H5N1, and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Since the 1960s, lasers have been used in neurosurgery for surgical removal of intracranial tumors. Because of its limited penetration (2 mm) through tissues and its wavelength, which is useful in water medium, the 2-µ thulium laser has been applied primarily in urology. Its features are attractive for ...

OBJECTIVE: To report a standardized method of, and determine inter- and intratester reliability for, anthropometric assessment of limb circumference in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective blinded study. ANIMALS: Labrador Retrievers (n = 20). METHOD: Unsedated dogs were manually restrained in lateral recumbency and triplicate measurements of limb circumference at the level of the ...

A retrospective series of five cases of nontraumatic gross adrenal hemorrhage were identified in 800 consecutive forensic autopsies. All patients were males, of different ethnicities and with ages ranging from 2 to 48 years. All patients had a clinical history and autopsy findings suggestive of sepsis. Pre- or postmortem microbiological cultures ...

The Division of Analytical Chemistry is celebrating the 75th anniversary of its founding in 1938. We celebrate the continuing high importance of our discipline for all aspects of chemical science and for its applications in so many aspects of everyday life. We especially celebrate the accomplishments of our fellow analytical ...

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was originally described as a circulating factor that can induce hemorrhagic necrosis of tumors. It is now clear that TNF has many different functions in cancer biology. In addition to causing death of cancer cells, TNF can activate cancer cell survival and proliferation pathways, trigger inflammatory ...