How foragers balance risks during foraging is a central focus of optimal foraging studies. While diverse theoretical and empirical work has revealed how foragers should and do manage food and safety from predators, little attention has been given to the risks posed by dangerous prey. This is a potentially important ...

Abstract Emotional exhaustion, argued to be burnout's core dimension, can manifest itself as decreased productivity and job dissatisfaction. This study aims to determine how lack of reciprocity, lack of supervisory support, high workload, and work-family conflict affect emotional exhaustion. Data were collected from 295 physicians working at private and public ...

Little is known about chromatin mechanisms that regulate tumor-initiating cells that are proposed to be responsible for tumor recurrence and relapse. We have previously shown that Pygopus 2 (Pygo2), a chromatin effector and context-dependent Wnt signaling coactivator, regulates mammary gland development by expanding epithelial stem/progenitor cells. However, the role of ...

Aim:To examine the changes in electrolyte concentrations after addition of zeolite-based hemostat QuikClot in blood and the effects of zeolite on blood coagulation in vitro.Methods:Fresh blood was taken from healthy adult volunteers and sheep, and the electrolyte concentrations in blood were measured using a blood electrolyte analyzer. Zeolite Saline Solution ...

Secondary electron transfer in photosystem II (PSII), which occurs when water oxidation is inhibited, involves redox-active carotenoids (Car), as well as chlorophylls (Chl), and cytochrome b (559) (Cyt b (559)), and is believed to play a role in photoprotection. Car(D2) may be the initial point of secondary electron transfer because ...

Depressed mothers show negatively biased responses to their infants' emotional bids, perhaps due to faulty processing of infant cues. This study is the first to examine depression-related differences in mothers' neural response to their own infant's emotion faces, considering both effects of perinatal depression history and current depressive symptoms. Primiparous ...

Overexpression of the receptor tyrosine kinase ERBB2 (also known as HER2) occurs in around 15% of breast cancers and is driven by amplification of the ERBB2 gene. ERBB2 amplification is a marker of poor prognosis, and although anti-ERBB2-targeted therapies have shown significant clinical benefit, de novo and acquired resistance remains ...

Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), the bioactive form of vitamin B6, reportedly functions as a prosthetic group for >4% of classified enzymatic activities of the cell. It is therefore not surprising that alterations of vitamin B6 metabolism have been associated with multiple human diseases. As a striking example, mutations in the gene coding ...

The vitreous has been shown to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) because it induces fibroblast-like morphology, enhanced migration and invasion in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Rac1 is the principal mediator of cell migration. In the current study, the relationship between Rac1 and cell migration and invasion ...

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells exist in a 'poised effector' state, which enables them to rapidly produce cytokines following activation. Using a nearly monospecific T cell receptor, they recognize self and foreign lipid antigens presented by CD1d in a conserved manner, but their activation can catalyse a spectrum of ...

Neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the mammalian neocortex generate various neuronal and glial cell types in a developmental stage-dependent manner. Most neocortical NPCs lose their neurogenic potential after birth. We have previously shown that high-mobility group A (HMGA) proteins confer the neurogenic potential on early-stage NPCs during the midgestation period, ...

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the neurodevelopmental outcome at 12-18 months' corrected age between multiples and singleton preterm infants. Methods: We designed a prospective study of preterm infants (≤32 weeks gestation) born and hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit between November 2008 and November 2009, ...

Purpose: To culturally translate and validate the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: After a forward-backward translation, 105 persons with MS completed the Persian versions of the CIQ and MS Quality of Life (MSQOL) questionnaires in the first visit. The CIQ was re-administered to a ...

Impulsivity towards food has been recognized as a potential factor leading to increased food intake in obesity. Patients suffering from binge eating disorder (BED) form a specific subgroup of obese people that might be characterized by increased impulsivity. These assumptions, although, have yet to be verified. Therefore, this review evaluates ...

A novel, simple but highly selective fluorescent probe is developed for the direct detection of sulfide ions [S(2-)] based on the fluorescence quenching of the functionalized CdS QDs in aqueous solution at trace levels and successfully applied for quantitation of S(2-) from water samples in a complex matrix pretreatment exclusive ...

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are often used as colloidal carriers in numerous applications owing to their low-cost and size-controlled preparation as well as their straightforward surface functionalization with thiol containing molecules forming self-assembling monolayers (SAM). The quantification of the ligand density of such modified GNPs is technically challenging, yet of utmost ...

In this study, we demonstrate that constitutive activation of Raf-1 oncogenic signaling induces stabilization and accumulation of Aurora-A mitotic kinase that ultimately drives the transition from an epithelial to a highly invasive mesenchymal phenotype in estrogen receptor α-positive (ERα(+)) breast cancer cells. The transition from an epithelial- to a mesenchymal-like ...

Gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis is a common side effect of intense chemotherapy to prepare patients for hematopoietic SCT. Measuring intestinal damage objectively remains difficult, and clinicians often rely on albumin levels as an indicator of GI mucositis, but citrulline might be a more specific marker, which has in the past been ...

Measurements of tumor microvasculature are important to obtain an understanding of tumor angiogenesis and for the evaluation of therapies. In this work, we characterize the evolution of the microvascular flux at different stages of tumor growth in the 9L rat brain tumor model. The absolute quantification of cerebral blood flux ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to report two new patients with the diagnosis of alveolar capillary dysplasia and congenital heart disease, to describe the associated cardiac defects seen in these cases and in the literature, and to consider recent genetic advances concerning the FOX transcription factor gene cluster in chromosome 16q24.1q24.2. ...

We report the growth, structural and electrical characterization of single-crystalline iron pyrite (FeS2) nanorods, nanobelts and nanoplates synthesized via sulfidation reaction with iron dichloride (FeCl2) and iron dibromide (FeBr2). The as-synthesized products were confirmed to be single-crystal phase pure cubic iron pyrite using powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission ...

BACKGROUND: Evaluate the incidence of biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis (GCA) for seasonal or annual variability from a tertiary care center in the Mid-Atlantic United States. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of all patients seen in the Neuro-Ophthalmology Service undergoing temporal artery biopsy (TAB) from 1994 to 2011. PARTICIPANTS: The charts of ...

To quantify uncertainty in a formal manner, statisticians play a vital role in identifying a prior distribution for a Bayesian-designed clinical trial. However, when expert beliefs are to be used to form the prior, the literature is sparse on how feasible and how reliable it is to elicit beliefs from ...

Aim:To design and synthesize bivalent ligands for adenosine A(1)-dopamine D(1) receptor heteromers (A(1)-D(1)R), and evaluate their pharmacological activities.Methods:Bivalent ligands and their corresponding A(1)R monovalent ligands were designed and synthesized. The affinities of the bivalent ligands for A(1)R and D(1)R in rat brain membrane preparation were examined using radiolabeled binding assays. ...

Introduction Since 2001, a Japanese national project has developed a helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) system ("doctor-helicopter") and a central Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) composed of mobile and trained medical teams for rapid deployment during the response phase of a disaster. Problem In Japan, the DMAT Research Group has ...

An anonymous survey of Australian Fellows of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists was conducted with the aim of understanding current practice and attitudes toward population-based carrier screening for inherited conditions in the setting of routine pregnancy care. Of 1,121 Fellows invited to complete the ...

TolC channel provides a route for the expelled drugs and toxins to cross the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. The puzzling feature of TolC structure is that the periplasmic entrance of the channel is closed by dense packing of 12 α-helices. Efflux pumps exemplified by AcrAB are proposed to drive ...

The Intraprofessional Practice Education (IPE) pilot project was designed to increase the number of high-quality practice education settings and to develop intraprofessional learning opportunities for nursing students from three different prelicensure programs. Students from the licensed practical nurse, registered nurse, and registered psychiatric nurse programs shared their practice education experience ...

In recent years the, incidence of suicide in Kurdistan has been increasing, especially among females, to a degree it cannot be neglected. Consequently, attention was given to this phenomena and the aggressive method of suicide used by young peoples, especially females, in Kurdistan. In attempt to obtain an objective picture ...

Transferrin (Tf) functionalized gold nanoclusters (Tf-AuNCs)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite (Tf-AuNCs/GO) was fabricated as a turn-on near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe for bioimaging cancer cells and small animals. A one-step approach was developed to prepare Tf-AuNCs via a biomineralization process with Tf as template. Tf acted not only as stabilizer and reducer, ...

In this paper, A label-free multiplex plasmonic sensor has been developed to selectively determine different metal ions including Fe3+, Hg2+, Cu2+ and Ag+ ions based on single type of gold nanorod (GNR). Under proper conditions, these metal ions can react with GNRs, resulting in changes of nanostructure and composition. The ...

We investigated short (6 months) and long (12 months) term inhibitory effects of low (200 ppm) and high (400 ppm) dosages of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) on exocrine pancreatic carcinogenesis. It is known that exocrine pancreatic carcinogenesis can be detected by the presence of atypical acinar cell foci (AACF) in pancreas. ...

Aim:Benzothiophene compounds are selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), which are recently found to activate antioxidant signaling. In this study the molecular mechanisms of antioxidant signaling activation by benzothiophene compound BC-1 were investigated.Methods:HepG2 cells were stably transfected with antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase reporter (HepG2-ARE cells). The expression of nuclear factor erythroid ...

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic imprinting disorder characterized mainly by hyperphagia and early childhood obesity. Previous functional neuroimaging studies used visual stimuli to examine abnormal activities in the eating-related neural circuitry of patients with PWS. It was found that patients with PWS exhibited both excessive hunger and hyperphagia consistently, ...

Despite many global initiatives to eliminate avoidable blindness, the number of cataract-blind people is still unacceptably high in many parts of the world, particularly in remote rural areas of developing countries. One of the established ways to increase uptake of cataract services is by extending ophthalmic care facilities to rural ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between self-reported oral health (SROH) and general health, this study examined the cross-sectional associations between SROH and nine chronic health conditions, namely cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, thyroid disease, nervous system disease, eye/nose/throat disease, stomach/intestinal disease, and musculoskeletal disease in Hong Kong. METHODS: ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: While the chronic inflammation related to autoimmune diseases is known to be associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, much less is known about cerebrovascular risks. The present population-based, age- and sex-matched follow-up study was undertaken to investigate the risks of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and ischaemic stroke ...

Adult stem cells are multipotent and persist in small numbers in adult tissues throughout the lifespan of an organism. Unlike differentiated cells, adult stem cells are intrinsically resistant to senescence. It is unclear how adult stem cells in solid organs respond to oncogenic stimulation and whether these cells have a ...

Several recent studies have shown that the combination of photosensitizers with metalloenzymes can support a light-driven multi-electron reduction of molecules such as CO2 or HCN. Here we show that the association of the Zn tetramethyl pyridinium porphyrin (ZnTMPyP4+) photosensitizer with the multi-copper oxidase laccase allows to link the oxidation of ...

The presence of stem-like cells in tumors reflects the invasive character of the disease; however, their identification is controversial. We investigated the distribution of CD133, CD44 and CD24 using histological sections and tissue microarrays (TMAs) of human colon adenocarcinoma obtained from patients with and without lymph node metastases and/or liver ...

ABSTRACT We studied the clinical benefits of radiological imaging, in the follow-up of patients after combined modality treatment for Stage I/II classical supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL). Imaging data were collected for 78 adults treated 1996-2008. Median follow-up was 4.6 years. Six of the nine relapses were detected clinically. On average, ...

We reported herein a facile and scalable preparation process for MoS(2)-decorated Zn(x)Cd(1-x)S hybrid photocatalysts for hydrogen generation. Zn(x)Cd(1-x)S nanopowder was first prepared from commercially available precursors employing a solution based process. MoS(2) hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst was then loaded onto the Zn(x)Cd(1-x)S nanopowder via a photo-assisted deposition process which employed ...

Flavanones are found specifically and abundantly in citrus fruits. Their beneficial effect on vascular function is well documented. However, little is known about their cellular and molecular mechanisms of action in vascular cells. The goal of the present study was to identify the impact of flavanone metabolites on endothelial cells ...

Frequent hyperglycaemia is associated with oxidative stress and subclinical inflammation, and thus increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Possibilities of modulating glycaemia, insulinaemia and perceived satiety for bread products were investigated, with emphasis on the course of glycaemia expressed as a glycaemic profile (defined as the duration of the glucose curve ...

Fe(x)Co(100-x) nanoalloys (NAs) with 20 ≤ x ≤ 80 were prepared by hydrogen reduction of Fe-Co oxide nano-composites, which were composed of mixed phases (or domains) of Fe(2)O(3) and CoO. In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements using synchrotron radiation clearly showed development of a solid-solution Fe-Co phase by hydrogen reduction ...

Recent studies suggest that Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prdx1), in addition to its known H(2)O(2)-scavenging function, mediates cell signaling through redox-specific protein-protein interactions. Our data illustrate how Prdx1 specifically coordinates p38MAPK-induced signaling through regulating p38MAPKα phosphatases in an H(2)O(2) dose-dependent manner. MAPK phosphatases (MKP-1 and/or MKP-5), which are known to dephosphorylate and ...

Based on the recently proposed super valence bond model, in which superatoms can compose superatomic molecules by sharing valence pairs and nuclei for shell closure, the 23c-14e bi-icosahedral Au(23)((+9)) core of Au(38)(SR)(24) is proved to be a superatomic molecule. Molecular orbital analysis reveals that the Au(23)((+9)) core is an exact ...

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we hypothesized that dentist' interpersonal resources (good cooperation with one's assistant) together with their personal resources (optimism) buffer the negative effects of emotional dissonance (a demand that occurs when there is a difference between felt and displayed emotions) on job performance (in-role and extra-role performance) over ...

A new class of ratiometric fluorescence sensors composed of rare-earth (RE) compound nanotubes is described. Polyethylenimine-coated yttrium hydroxide fluoride nanotubes (YHF NTs) that were synthesized hydrothermally exhibit highly efficient fluorescence when doped with RE ions. The polyethylenimine on the NTs facilitates the incorporation of phosphors such as quantum dots or ...

Because novel therapeutic options are limited in Ewing sarcomas (ES), we investigated the expression, genetic aberrations and clinical relevance of MET and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) in ES and determined the relevance of targeting these receptors. MET and ALK protein expression was determined immunohistochemically in 31 (50 samples) and 36 ...